Radio Frequency Circuit Design E-Book

W. Alan Davis

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Serie: Wiley Series in Microwave and Optical Engineering
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 465

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2011

Beschreibung

This book focuses on components such as filters, transformers, amplifiers, mixers, and oscillators. Even the phase lock loop chapter (the last in the book) is oriented toward practical circuit design, in contrast to the more systems orientation of most communication texts.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Cover

Table of Contents

Title page

Copyright page

Dedication

Preface to the Second Edition

Preface to the First Edition

CHAPTER ONE Information Transfer Technology

1.1 INTRODUCTION

1.2 INFORMATION AND CAPACITY

1.3 DEPENDENT STATES

1.4 BASIC TRANSMITTER–RECEIVER CONFIGURATION

1.5 ACTIVE DEVICE TECHNOLOGY

CHAPTER TWO Resistors, Capacitors, and Inductors

2.1 INTRODUCTION

2.2 RESISTORS

2.3 CAPACITORS

2.4 INDUCTORS

2.5 CONCLUSIONS

CHAPTER THREE Impedance Matching

3.1 INTRODUCTION

3.2 THE Q FACTOR

3.3 RESONANCE AND BANDWIDTH

3.4 UNLOADED Q

3.5 L CIRCUIT IMPEDANCE MATCHING

3.6 π TRANSFORMATION CIRCUIT

3.7 T TRANSFORMATION CIRCUIT

3.8 TAPPED CAPACITOR TRANSFORMER

3.9 PARALLEL DOUBLE-TUNED TRANSFORMER

3.10 CONCLUSIONS

CHAPTER FOUR Multiport Circuit Parameters and Transmission Lines

4.1 VOLTAGE–CURRENT TWO-PORT PARAMETERS

4.2 ABCD PARAMETERS

4.3 IMAGE IMPEDANCE

4.4 TELEGRAPHER’S EQUATIONS

4.5 TRANSMISSION LINE EQUATION

4.6 SMITH CHART

4.7 TRANSMISSION LINE STUB TRANSFORMER

4.8 COMMONLY USED TRANSMISSION LINES

4.9 SCATTERING PARAMETERS

4.10 INDEFINITE ADMITTANCE MATRIX

4.11 INDEFINITE SCATTERING MATRIX

4.12 CONCLUSIONS

CHAPTER FIVE Filter Design and Approximation

5.1 INTRODUCTION

5.2 IDEAL AND APPROXIMATE FILTER TYPES

5.3 TRANSFER FUNCTION AND BASIC FILTER CONCEPTS

5.4 LADDER NETWORK FILTERS

5.5 ELLIPTIC FILTER

5.6 MATCHING BETWEEN UNEQUAL RESISTANCE LEVELS

5.7 CONCLUSIONS

CHAPTER SIX Transmission Line Transformers

6.1 INTRODUCTION

6.2 IDEAL TRANSMISSION LINE TRANSFORMERS

6.3 TRANSMISSION LINE TRANSFORMER SYNTHESIS

6.4 ELECTRICALLY LONG TRANSMISSION LINE TRANSFORMERS

6.5 BALUNS

6.6 DIVIDERS AND COMBINERS

6.7 THE 90 ° COUPLER

CHAPTER SEVEN Noise in RF Amplifiers

7.1 SOURCES OF NOISE

7.2 THERMAL NOISE

7.3 SHOT NOISE

7.4 NOISE CIRCUIT ANALYSIS

7.5 AMPLIFIER NOISE CHARACTERIZATION

7.6 NOISE MEASUREMENT

7.7 NOISY TWO-PORT CIRCUITS

7.8 TWO-PORT NOISE FACTOR DERIVATION

7.9 FUKUI NOISE MODEL FOR TRANSISTORS

CHAPTER EIGHT Class A Amplifiers

8.1 INTRODUCTION

8.2 DEFINITION OF GAIN

8.3 TRANSDUCER POWER GAIN OF A TWO-PORT NETWORK

8.4 TRANSDUCER POWER GAIN USING S PARAMETERS

8.5 SIMULTANEOUS MATCH FOR MAXIMUM POWER GAIN

8.6 STABILITY

8.7 CLASS A POWER AMPLIFIERS

8.8 POWER COMBINING OF POWER AMPLIFIERS

8.9 PROPERTIES OF CASCADED AMPLIFIERS

8.10 AMPLIFIER DESIGN FOR OPTIMUM GAIN AND NOISE

8.11 CONCLUSION

CHAPTER NINE RF Power Amplifiers

9.1 TRANSISTOR CONFIGURATIONS

9.2 CLASS B AMPLIFIER

9.3 CLASS C AMPLIFIER

9.4 CLASS C INPUT BIAS VOLTAGE

9.5 CLASS D POWER AMPLIFIER

9.6 CLASS E POWER AMPLIFIER

9.7 CLASS F POWER AMPLIFIER

9.8 FEED-FORWARD AMPLIFIERS

9.9 CONCLUSIONS

CHAPTER TEN Oscillators and Harmonic Generators

10.1 OSCILLATOR FUNDAMENTALS

10.2 FEEDBACK THEORY

10.3 TWO-PORT OSCILLATORS WITH EXTERNAL FEEDBACK

10.4 PRACTICAL OSCILLATOR EXAMPLE

10.5 MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS OF THE REFLECTION COEFFICIENT

10.6 COMMON GATE (BASE) OSCILLATORS

10.7 STABILITY OF AN OSCILLATOR

10.8 INJECTION-LOCKED OSCILLATORS

10.9 OSCILLATOR PHASE NOISE

10.10 HARMONIC GENERATORS

CHAPTER ELEVEN RF Mixers

11.1 NONLINEAR DEVICE CHARACTERISTICS

11.2 FIGURES OF MERIT FOR MIXERS

11.3 SINGLE-ENDED MIXERS

11.4 SINGLE-BALANCED MIXERS

11.5 DOUBLE-BALANCED MIXERS

11.6 DOUBLE-BALANCED TRANSISTOR MIXERS

11.7 SPURIOUS RESPONSE

11.8 SINGLE-SIDEBAND NOISE FACTOR AND NOISE TEMPERATURE

11.9 SPECIAL MIXER APPLICATIONS

11.10 CONCLUSIONS

CHAPTER TWELVE Phase-Lock Loops

12.1 INTRODUCTION

12.2 PLL DESIGN BACKGROUND

12.3 PLL APPLICATIONS

12.4 PLL BASICS

12.5 LOOP DESIGN PRINCIPLES

12.6 LINEAR ANALYSIS OF THE PLL*

12.7 LOCKING A PHASE-LOCK LOOP

12.8 LOOP TYPES

12.9 NEGATIVE FEEDBACK IN A PLL

12.10 PLL DESIGN EQUATIONS

12.11 PHASE DETECTOR TYPES

12.12 DESIGN EXAMPLES

12.13 CONCLUSIONS

APPENDIX A  Example of a Solenoid Design

APPENDIX B  Analytical Spiral Inductor Model

APPENDIX C  Double-Tuned Matching Circuit Example

APPENDIX D  Two-Port Parameter Conversion

APPENDIX E  Termination of a Transistor Port with a Load

APPENDIX F  Transistor and Amplifier Formulas

BIPOLAR TRANSISTOR PARAMETERS (BJT)

JUNCTION FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTOR PARAMETERS (JFET)

METAL–OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTOR (MOSFET) PARAMETERS

SMALL-SIGNAL SINGLE-TRANSISTOR AMPLIFIER CONFIGURATIONS

APPENDIX G Transformed Frequency-Domain Measurements Using SPICE

G.1 INTRODUCTION

G.2 FREQUENCY-DOMAIN S PARAMETERS

G.3 TIME-DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY ANALYSIS

G.4 TIME-DOMAIN IDENTIFICATION OF CIRCUIT ELEMENTS

G.5 MULTIPLE DISCONTINUITIES

G.6 SAMPLE SPICE LIST

G.7 IMPULSE RESPONSE SPICE NET LIST MODIFICATION

Acknowledgment

APPENDIX H Single-Tone Intermodulation Distortion Suppression for Double-Balanced Mixers

Index

Copyright © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved

Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey

Published simultaneously in Canada

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available:

ISBN 978-0-470-57507-9; ISBN 978-1-118-09947-6(ePub)

In memory of Margaret

and to our children

Brent, Nathan, and Janelle

Preface to the Second Edition

Since the first edition of this book was published almost 10 years ago, radio frequency design techniques and applications have continued to rapidly expand. Readers of this second edition will find many changes from the first edition such as expansion of power amplifiers, oscillator phase noise, and impedance matching and deletion of other material. Some chapters and sections have been rearranged to provide a more logical flow. In particular, the chapter on noise now precedes the chapter on class A amplifiers. However, when this book is used in our course on radio frequency circuits, students are asked to do a design project using the software, Advanced Design System, from Agilent. It has been found helpful for students to start their project after understanding basic amplifier design and then treat the noise problem in their design subsequently. Throughout the book, design examples are given based on the text. Source code for the programs illustrated in the text are available at the website given in Chapter 1. These programs should be helpful to the working engineer in need of a quick solution and to the student wishing to understand some of the details in a computation.

I wish to acknowledge the many contributions made by Krishna K. Agarwal in the first edition of this book and the contributions to the class E power amplifier section by William Cantrell in this edition. I also wish to acknowledge the valuable suggestions given by the reviewers.

W. ALAN DAVIS

Arlington, Texas

May 2010

Preface to the First Edition

The cellular telephone has become a symbol for the rapid change in the communications business. Within this plastic container reside the talents of engineers working in the areas of efficient power supplies, digital circuit design, analog circuit design, semiconductor device design, antennas, linear systems, digital signal processing, packaging, and materials science. All these talents are carefully coordinated at a cost that allows a wide cross section of the world’s population to have available instant communication. The particular aspect of all these that is of primary focus in this text is in the area of analog circuit design with primary emphasis on radio frequency electronics. Topics normally considered in electronics courses or in microwave and antenna courses are not covered here. For example, there is no mention of distributed branch line couplers, since at 1 GHz their size would be prohibitive. On the other hand, topics such as transmission line transformers are covered because they fit so well into this frequency range.

This book is meant for those readers who have at least advanced standing in electrical engineering. The material in this text has been taught as a senior and graduate-level course in radio frequency circuit design at the University of Texas at Arlington. This class has continued to be popular for at least the last 20 years under the guidance of at least four different instructors, two of whom are the present authors. Because of the activity in the communications area, there has been ever greater interest in this subject. It is the intent of the authors, therefore, to update the current text offerings while at the same time avoiding simply reworking a microwave text.

The authors gratefully acknowledge the contribution of Michael Black, Raytheon Systems Company, to the phase lock loop discussion in Chapter 12.

W. ALAN DAVIS

KRISHNA K. AGARWAL