Readings in Planning Theory E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 1406

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2015

Beschreibung

Featuring updates and revisions to reflect rapid changes in an increasingly globalized world, Readings in Planning Theory remains the definitive resource for the latest theoretical and practical debates within the field of planning theory.

• Represents the newest edition of the leading text in planning theory that brings together the essential classic and cutting-edge readings
• Features 20 completely new readings (out of 28 total) for the fourth edition 
• Introduces and defines key debates in planning theory with editorial materials and readings selected both for their accessibility and importance
• Systematically captures the breadth and diversity of planning theory and puts issues into wider social and political contexts without assuming prior knowledge of the field

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Cover

Title Page

Acknowledgments

Introduction

What Is Planning Theory?

Why Do Planning Theory?

Our Approach to Planning Theory

Debates within Planning Theory

The Continuing Evolution of Planning Theory

The Readings

References

Part I: The Development of Planning Theory

1 Urban Utopias in the Twentieth Century

Introduction

Ebenezer Howard: The Ideal City Made Practicable

Ebenezer Howard: Design for Cooperation

Le Corbusier: The Radiant City

2 Co-evolutions of Planning and Design

Introduction

Planning

Design

The Dialectics: A Very Brief History

Key Aspects of a Planning/Design Dialectics

Dilemmas

Conclusion

References

3 Authoritarian High Modernism

The Discovery of Society

The Radical Authority of High Modernism

Twentieth-Century High Modernism

4 The Death and Life of Great American Cities

5 Planning the Capitalist City

Capitalism and Urban Planning

The Problem of Planning

Further Reading

6 The Three Historic Currents of City Planning

Introduction

Deferential Planning (“Technicist Planning”)

Social Reform Planning

Social Justice Planning

Conclusion

Part II: What Are Planners Trying to Do?

7 The Planning Project

Places in Our Lives

The Politics of Place

The Evolving Planning Project

A Focus for the Planning Project

References

Suggested Further Reading

8 Urban Planning in an Uncertain World

Introduction

Material Culture

Programmatic Planning

Conclusion

References

9 Arguments For and Against Planning

Economic Arguments

Pluralist Arguments

Traditional Arguments

Marxist Arguments

Conclusions and Implications

10 Is There Space for

Better

Planning in a Neoliberal World?

Introduction

Background – Is There

Conceptually

Space for Better Public Policy?

The Redevelopment of Exeter City Center – Is There Space for Better Planning

in Practice

?

Planning and the Development Industry –

Could

There Be Space for Better?

Conclusions – Making

Practical and Conceptual

Space for Better

References

11 Green Cities, Growing Cities, Just Cities?

The Planner’s Triangle: Three Priorities, Three Conflicts

Implications of the Planner’s Triangle Model

Sustainable Development: Reaching the Elusive Center of the Triangle

The Task Ahead for Planners: Seeking Sustainable Development within the Triangle of Planning Conflicts

Planners: Leaders or Followers in Resolving Economic–Environmental Conflicts?

References

12 Disasters, Vulnerability and Resilience of Cities

Introduction

An Urban Age at Risk

Resilience and its Discontents

Conclusion

References

13 Spatial Justice and Planning

Communicative Planning and the Just City

Planning for the Just City

Evaluations of Examples of Planning in Practice

Conclusion

References

Part III: Implications of Practice for Theory

14 The Neglected Places of Practice

Siting a Landfill

Place and Practice

Site, Place, Context

References

15 Home, Sweet Home

Roots of Zoning

Separating Home from Work

Creating the Single-Family District

The American Way: Some Explicit and Implicit Justifications

Conclusion

References

16 Understanding Community Development in a “Theory of Action” Framework

Introduction

Community Development as a Field of Inquiry and Practice

Three Theories of Action

How Theories of Action Matter: the Case of Recent Housing Policy in the USA

Conclusion

References

17 Participatory Governance

Citizen Competence, Empowerment, and Capacity-Building

Service Delivery and Equity

Political Representation and the Distribution of Power

Empowered Participatory Governance

Projects and Practices: Citizens’ Panels, Participatory Budgeting, and People’s Planning

Participatory Expertise: A New Type of Expert?

Concluding Perspective

References

18 Cultivating Surprise and the Art of the Possible

Challenges of Interdependence

Listening to the Mediators

From Practical Cases, Practical Lessons

Conclusion

References

Part IV: Wicked Problems in Planning

19 Inclusion and Democracy

Social Difference Is Not Identity

Structural Difference and Inequality

What Is and Is Not Identity Politics

Communication across Difference in Public Judgement

20 Towards a Cosmopolitan Urbanism

20.1 Introduction

20.2 How Might We Live Together? Three Imaginings

20.3 Thinking Through Identity/Difference

20.4 Reconsidering Multiculturalism

20.5 Conclusions: The Marriage of Theory and Practice

References

21 Advocacy and Pluralism in Planning

The Planner as Advocate

The Structure of Planning

An Inclusive Definition of the Scope of Planning

The Education of Planners

Conclusion

22 The Minority-Race Planner in the Quest for a Just City

Minority-Race People

The Ends

The Means

The Minority-Race Planner

Diversifying the Profession

References

23 The Past, Present, and Future of Professional Ethics in Planning

On the Difficulty of Aligning Social Morality with Planning

Professional Ethics, Codes, and Sanctions

Planners’ Perceptions of Their Ethical Roles as Revealed in Research

Morality in Planning and Policymaking

The Ethics of Forecasting: An Illustration of Moral Dimensions of Collective Planning Practice

Applying Ethical Principles to Collective Actions by Planners

References

24 Insurgent Planning

1. Rethinking Participation

2. South Africa’s Western Cape Anti-Eviction Campaign

3. Inclusion and Citizenship

4. Implication for Radical Planning

5. Seeing from the South: Principles for Insurgent Practices

References

Part V: Planning in a Globalized World

25 Place and Place-Making in Cities

Introduction

A Placeless Scenario

A First Approach: What Is a Place?

The “Centering” of Place: Spaces of Encounter and Gathering

The Invisible Costs of Displacements

Making Places Is Everyone’s Job

Concluding Thoughts

References

26 Urban Informality

Two Views of Urban Informality

Urban Informality as a Way of Life?

The Informal State

The Politics of the Informal City

References

27 Seeing from the South

Introduction

The Problem with Urban Planning

The New Context for Planning

Conceptualising ‘Conflicting Rationalities’

The Interface: A Zone of Encounter and Contestation

Conclusion

References

28 Global Cities of the South

Introduction

Refocusing the Global/World Cities Lens

Understanding Change and Inequality in the Global Cities of Developing Countries

Conclusion

References

Index

End User License Agreement

List of Tables

Chapter 10

Table 10.1 Dominant traditions in public policy.

Chapter 16

Table 16.1 Theories underlying community development practice in the USA.

Chapter 28

Table 28.1 The world city status of the 25 largest cities in developing countries according to Beaverstock et al.’s ‘Roster of World Cities.’

Table 28.2 Reinterpreting the global/world city–social inequality link.

List of Illustrations

Chapter 07

Figure 7.1 The ambiguous position of planners.

Figure 7.2 Balanced and sustainable development: A European perspective.

Chapter 11

Figure 11.1 The triangle of conflicting goals for planning, and the three associated conflicts. Planners define themselves, implicitly, by where they stand on the triangle. The elusive ideal of sustainable development leads one to the center.

Chapter 15

Figure 15.1 Part of Berkeley’s 1949 zoning map, showing some of its single-family districts.

Figure 15.2 An example of an English scheme from the same period. Note the general residence category and the absence of a single-family one.

Guide

Cover

Table of Contents

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Readings in Planning Theory

Fourth Edition

Edited by

Susan S. Fainstein and James DeFilippis

This fourth edition first published 2016© 2016 John Wiley & Sons, LtdEdition history: Blackwell Publishers Ltd (1e, 1996); Blackwell Publishing Ltd (2e, 2002; 3e, 2012)

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Acknowledgments

Scott Campbell was co-editor of earlier editions of this reader. Some of the introductory material and choices of readings in the present edition continue to reflect his participation.

Introduction: The Structure and Debates of Planning Theory

Susan S. Fainstein and James DeFilippis

What Is Planning Theory?

What is planning theory? We start with this question because it is the central focus of this book; one that the various readings grapple with in different ways. But we also start with it because there is no clear or easy answer to this question; and this absence makes planning theory both more demanding, and more exciting, than it would otherwise be. The purpose of this reader is twofold: (1) to define the boundaries of planning theory and the works that constitute its central focus; and (2) to confront the principal issues that face planners as theorists and practitioners.

Defining planning theory is hard: the subject is slippery, and explanations are often frustratingly tautological or disappointingly pedestrian. While most scholars can agree on what constitutes the economy and the polity – and thus what is economic or political theory – they differ as to the content of planning theory. Several reasons account for the complexity of defining planning theory. First, many of the fundamental questions concerning planning belong to a much broader inquiry concerning the roles of the state, the market, and civil society in social and spatial transformation. As John Friedmann has put it, planning theory has been “cobbled together from elements that were originally intended for altogether different uses” (Friedmann 2011, p. 131). Consequently, planning theory overlaps with theory in all the social science and design disciplines, making it difficult to limit its scope or to stake out a turf specific to planning. Second, the field of planning is divided among those who define it according to its object (producing and regulating the relations of people and structures in space) and those who do so according to its method (the process of decision making as it relates to spatial development). These different approaches lead to two largely separate sets of theoretical questions and priorities that undermine a singular definition of planning. Whether to emphasize one or the other is a problematic issue within planning theory and constitutes, as will be discussed later in this introduction, one of the principal debates in the field.