Register-based Statistics E-Book

Anders Wallgren

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Serie: Wiley Series in Survey Methodology
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 562

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2014

Beschreibung

This book provides a comprehensive and up to date treatment of  theory and practical implementation in Register-based statistics. It begins by defining the area, before explaining how to structure such systems, as well as detailing alternative approaches. It explains how to create statistical registers, how to implement quality assurance, and the use of IT systems for register-based statistics. Further to this, clear details are given about the practicalities of implementing such statistical methods, such as protection of privacy and the coordination and coherence of such an undertaking.

This edition offers a full understanding of both the principles and practices of this increasingly popular area of statistics, and can be considered a first step to a more systematic way of working with register-statistical issues. This book addresses the growing global interest in the topic and employs a much broader, more international approach than the 1^st edition. New chapters explore different kinds of register-based surveys, such as preconditions for register-based statistics and comparing sample survey and administrative data. Furthermore, the authors present discussions on register-based census, national accounts and the transition towards a register-based system as well as presenting new chapters on quality assessment of administrative sources and production process quality.

Leseprobe

Contents

Cover

Half Title page

Title page

Copyright page

Preface

Chapter 1: Register Surveys — An Introduction

1.1 The purpose of the book

1.2 The need for a new theory and new methods

1.3 Four ways of using administrative registers

1.4 Preconditions for register-based statistics

1.5 Basic concepts and terms

1.6 Comparing sample surveys and register surveys

1.7 Conclusions

Chapter 2: The Nature of Administrative Data

2.1 Different kinds of administrative data

2.2 How are data recorded?

2.3 Administrative and statistical information systems

2.4 Measurement errors in statistical and administrative data

2.5 Why use administrative data for statistics?

2.6 Comparing sample survey and administrative data

2.7 Conclusions

Chapter 3: Protection of Privacy and Confidentiality

3.1 Internal security

3.2 Disclosure risks – tables

3.3 Disclosure risks – microdata

3.4 Conclusions

Chapter 4: The Register System

4.1 A register model based on object types and relations

4.2 Organising the work with the system

4.3 The populations in the system

4.4 The variables in the system

4.5 Using the system for micro integration

4.6 Three kinds of registers with different roles

4.7 Register systems and register surveys within enterprises

4.8 Conclusions

Chapter 5: The Base Registers in the System

5.1 Characteristics of a base register

5.2 Requirements for base registers

5.3 The Population Register

5.4 The Business Register

5.5 The Real Estate Register

5.6 The Activity Register

5.7 Everyone should support the base registers

5.8 Conclusions

Chapter 6: How to Create a Register — Matching and Combining Sources

6.1 Preconditions in different countries

6.2 Matching methods and problems

6.3 Matching sources with different object types

6.4 Conclusions

Chapter 7: How to Create a Register — The Population

7.1 How should register surveys be structured?

7.2 Register survey design

7.3 Defining a register’s object set

7.4 Defining the statistical units

7.5 Creating longitudinal registers – the population

7.6 Conclusions

Chapter 8: How to Create a Register — The Variables

8.1 The variables in the register

8.2 Forming derived variables using models

8.3 Activity data

8.4 Creating longitudinal registers – the variables

8.5 Conclusions

Chapter 9: How to Create a Register — Editing

9.1 Editing register data

9.2 Case studies – editing register data

9.3 Editing, quality assurance and survey design1

9.4 Conclusions

Chapter 10: Metadata

10.1 Primary registers – the need for metadata

10.2 Changes over time – the need for metadata

10.3 Integrated registers – the need for metadata

10.4 Classification and definitions database

10.5 The need for metadata for registers

10.6 Conclusions

Chapter 11: Estimation Methods — Introduction

11.1 Estimation in sample surveys and register surveys

11.2 Estimation methods for register surveys that use weights

11.3 Calibration of weights in register surveys

11.4 Using weights for estimation

11.5 Conclusions

Chapter 12: Estimation Methods — Missing Values

12.1 Make no adjustments, publish ‘value unknown’

12.2 Adjustment for missing values using weights

12.3 Adjustment for missing values by imputation

12.4 Missing values in a system of registers

12.5 Conclusions

Chapter 13: Estimation Methods — Coverage Problems

13.1 Reducing overcoverage and undercoverage

13.2 Estimation methods to correct for overcoverage

13.3 Undercoverage in the administrative system

13.4 Conclusions

Chapter 14: Estimation Methods — Multi-valued Variables

14.1 Multi-valued variables

14.2 Estimation methods

14.3 Application of the method

14.4 Linking of time series using combination objects

14.5 Conclusions

Chapter 15: Theory and Quality of Register-based Statistics

15.1 Is there a theory for register surveys?

15.2 Measuring quality – why and how?

15.3 Analysing administrative sources – input data quality

15.4 Output data quality

15.5 The integration process – integration errors

15.6 Random variation in register data

15.7 The register system and data warehousing

15.8 Conclusions

Chapter 16: Conclusions

References

Index

Register-based Statistics

WILEY SERIES IN SURVEY METHODOLOGY

Established in Part by WALTER A. SHEWHART AND SAMUEL S. WILKS

Editors: Mick P. Couper, Graham Kalton, Lars Lyberg, J. N. K. Rao, Norbert Schwarz, Christopher Skinner

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Wallgren, Anders, author.Register-based statistics : statistical methods for administrative data /Anders Wallgren and Britt Wallgren. -- Second edition.     pages cm.Includes bibliographical references and index.ISBN 978-1-119-94213-9 (cloth)1. Register-based statistics. I. Wallgren, Britt, author. II. Title.HA31.23.W35 2014519.5--dc232014003205

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.ISBN: 978-1-119-94213-9

Preface

From the preface to the first edition

Register surveys are becoming increasingly common within a growing number of national statistical offices. However, they are also common within enterprises and other organisations, where data from the organisation’s own administrative systems are used to produce statistics on, for example, production, sales and wages.

Although register-based statistics are the most common form of statistics, no well-established theory in the field has existed up to now. There have been no well-known terms or principles, which have made the development of both register-based statistics and register-statistical methodology all the more difficult. As a consequence of this, ad hoc methods have been used instead of methods based on a generally accepted theory.

Many countries are investigating the possibilities to use an increasing amount of administrative data for statistical purposes. It is necessary to reduce response burden and costs; increasing nonresponse in censuses and sample surveys also makes this new strategy necessary. A new approach is necessary and register surveys require that suitable statistical methods be developed.

We have studied the requirements for register-based statistics through analysis of Statistics Sweden’s system of statistical registers. Since 1994, we have devoted an increasing part of our work, at the Department of Research and Development at Statistics Sweden, to the study of register surveys. We have also worked together with a number of manufacturing enterprises and analysed their administrative data for the purposes of management. These experiences are also used in this book.

The first version of this book was published in 2004 in Swedish. It has been used in a number of study groups within Statistics Sweden. Around 50 people at Statistics Sweden have read and commented on different parts of the first Swedish version of this book. In addition, several individuals were interviewed to provide material for different examples and methodological sections.

The study groups based on the Swedish book gave us a very good overview of methodological problems regarding the register-based statistics produced by Statistics Sweden and helped us in our work with the first edition of the English version that was published in 2007.

Our work on the second edition

We have used the first edition in a number of courses given in Europe and Latin America. The first edition was translated into Spanish by INEGI, the national statistical office in Mexico. It was very important for us to have the opportunity to discuss register-based statistics with colleagues from Latin America and learn about their quite different preconditions regarding administrative data and statistics production. Our experiences from these courses and discussions have been incorporated in the new edition.

Since 2010 we have worked together with Professor Thomas Laitila at Örebro University. He has inspired us to think about the entire production system at a national statistical office. In the first edition we mainly discussed the register system, but in the second edition we also discuss the production system as a whole. Together with Thomas Laitila, we have worked with a research project regarding the quality of administrative data for economic statistics. The main results of this project are used in the new edition.

Our supporters and sources of inspiration

Our work with register-based statistics at Statistics Sweden was supported by Jan Carling, Director General 1993–1999, and Svante Öberg, Director General 1999–2005. Their active support was necessary for the success of our work.

Our courses in Latin America have been sponsored by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). The Spanish translation of the first edition was sponsored by the IDB. Finally, the research project on the quality of administrative data for economic statistics was a part of the BLUE-ETS project financed by the European Commission. Thanks to these sponsors, we have acquired experiences that have been very important for our work on the second edition.

Professor Carl-Erik Särndal has been a very important discussion partner during our work on the book. We have discussed important and difficult issues with him from the beginning of our work with the Swedish version to when we completed the second English edition. His broad experience from statistical offices in different countries and his background as a specialist in sample surveys have been enormously useful.

It is our hope that Register-based Statistics – Statistical Methods for Administrative Data and its proposals will stimulate the discussion of register statistics and give support to those who work with administrative data at national statistical offices.

Örebro, Sweden

Anders Wallgren Britt [email protected]

CHAPTER 1

Register Surveys – An Introduction

Three types of statistics based on microdata are published by national statistical offices – statistics based on sample surveys, statistics based on censuses and statistics based on administrative registers. This book deals with the third type, statistics based on administrative registers, where instead of collecting data through sample surveys and censuses, administrative registers from different sources are adapted and processed to make the data suitable for statistical purposes. This kind of survey is called a register survey.

We introduce a number of concepts and principles that are used when discussing register surveys. These concepts and principles form the basis for a theory of this type of survey. We primarily discuss register surveys at national statistical offices. There is growing interest in this area; many countries increasingly use administrative data for statistical purposes, and there is a growing demand for a theory of register surveys.

1.1 The purpose of the book

Our main purpose is to describe and explain the methods that should be used for register surveys. Conducting a register survey means that a new statistical register is created with existing sources. The statistical register is then used to produce estimates required for the survey. What methods should be used in creating such a statistical register? One or more administrative registers are used when a new statistical register is created and the statistical register can differ from the administrative sources in many ways.

A system of statistical registers consists of a number of registers that can be linked to each other. In the Nordic countries, the national statistical offices have developed systems of registers that are used in the production of statistics. When new statistical registers are created, this register system becomes an important source that can be used together with different administrative sources. Another purpose of the book is to explain how such register systems should be designed and used in the production of statistics.

When a national statistical office starts using more and more administrative sources, the statistical production system of that office will gradually change. From a system based on enumerators or interviewers, address lists or maps, the system will become increasingly register-based. Sample surveys will be based on the Population Register or the Business Register instead of address lists or maps – variables in sample surveys can come from administrative registers as well as from telephone interviews or questionnaires. In addition to the change in methods used for sample surveys, new kinds of register-based statistics can also be produced. A third purpose of the book is to explain how administrative registers can be used to change the statistical production system of a national statistical office to improve cost efficiency and statistical quality.

Preconditions in different countries

The Nordic countries started to use administrative registers during the 1960s when paper-based administrative registers were transformed into computer-based flat files. The preconditions for using administrative registers for statistical purposes were good. This explains why the Nordic statistical offices now have access to large amounts of administrative data,1 and that the quality of these data is high in comparison with most other countries. Consequently, it has been possible to create statistical register systems that have made statistics production efficient and even to conduct completely register-based population and housing censuses. Identifying variables as identity numbers for persons and enterprises have high quality and deterministic matching is therefore easy.

The preconditions for using administrative data in many countries are today not as good, and changing the production system into a register-based system will take many years. During that period, administrative systems will gradually be improved, so many other countries will be able to use administrative data efficiently in the future. Therefore, a clear understanding of the Nordic experiences from the beginning will facilitate development in new register countries.