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- Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
- Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
- Sprache: Englisch
Microwave and radio frequency (RF) elements play an important role in communication systems, and, due to the proliferation of radar, satellite and mobile wireless systems, there is a need for the study of electromagnetism. Each of the nine chapters of this book provides a complete analysis and modeling of the microwave structure used for emission or reception technology, providing students with a set of approaches that can be used for current and future RF and microwave circuit designs. The authors emphasize the practical nature of the subject by summarizing the analysis steps and giving numerous examples of problems and exercises complete with solutions, making this book theoretical, but also experimental, with over 16 microwave problems. This approach has produced a coherent and practical treatment of the subject. The book has grown out of the authors' own teaching and, as such, has a unity of methodology and style. It provides basic knowledge of microwave and RF range and is intended for microwave engineers and for advanced graduate students.
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Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2014
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Contents
Preface
Introduction to Microwaves
I.1. Introduction
I.2. The electromagnetic spectrum
I.3. International frequencies
I.4. Bibliography
Part 1 Transmission Lines
1 Electromagnetic of Tem Transmission Lines
1.1. General waves
1.2. Transverse electromagnetic (TEM) waves
1.3. Solutions of the transverse electromagnetic waves
1.4. Characteristic parameters of the TEM lines
1.5. The power
1.6. Problems
1.7. Bibliography
2 Losses in Tem Transmission Lines
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Perturbation computing
2.3. Dielectric losses
2.4. Metallic losses
2.5. General case: dielectric losses and metallic losses
2.6. Problems
2.7. Bibliography
3 Determination of the Characteristics of Tem Lines
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Conform transformations
3.3. Finite differences method
3.4. Problems
3.5. Bibliography
Part 2 Guides
4 Electromagnetic in Linear, Homogeneous, Isotropic and Lossless Guides
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Equations for a lossless medium
4.3. Limiting conditions
4.4. Progressive and evanescent waves
4.5. Propagating waves
4.6. Group speed
4.7. Average power flux
4.8. Power density
4.9. Energy speed
4.10. First example of TE waves
4.11. Second example of TM waves
4.12. Inverse waves
4.13. Behavior of the TE and TM waves versus the position of frequency in connection with the cutoff
4.14. Bibliography
5 Losses in Guides
5.1. Introduction
5.2. TE waves
5.3. TM waves
5.4. Attenuation in the cases of TM and TM waves
5.5. Problem
5.6. Bibliography
6 Rectangular Tm and Te Guides
6.1. Introduction
6.2. TM rectangular guide
6.3. TE rectangular guide
6.4. Problems
6.5. Bibliography
7 Circular Tm and Te Guides
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Properties of the TE and TM circular waveguide
7.3. TM circular waveguide
7.4. TE circular waveguide
7.5. Fundamental mode and classification of the modes
7.6. Utilization band of the fundamental mode TE11
7.7. Field lines of the first modes
7.8. Power flux and attenuations
7.9. Problems
7.10. Bibliography
Part 3 Cavities
8 Rectangular Te011 Cavity
8.1. Introduction
8.2. The fundamental waves
8.3. Construction of the cavity
8.4. The cavity
8.5. The waves in the cavity
8.6. Electric and magnetic energies in the cavity
8.7. Quality factor Q of the cavity
8.8. Bibliography
9 Circular Temnp and Tmmnp Cavities
9.1. Introduction
9.2. The fundamental propagative TMm,n and TEm,n waves
9.3. TE and TM stationary waves
9.4. Realization of a cavity
9.5. The cavity
9.6. Curve representations
9.7. Frequent and particular examples of modes
9.8. Examples of the fields of current modes
9.9. Bibliography
Index
First published 2014 in Great Britain and the United States by ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms and licenses issued by the CLA. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside these terms should be sent to the publishers at the undermentioned address:
ISTE Ltd27-37 St George’s RoadLondon SW19 4EUUK
www.iste.co.uk
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.111 River StreetHoboken, NJ 07030USA
www.wiley.com
© ISTE Ltd 2014The rights of Pierre Jarry and Jacques N. Beneat to be identified as the authors of this work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
Library of Congress Control Number: 2014935736
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication DataA CIP record for this book is available from the British LibraryISBN 978-1-84821-690-7
Preface
Microwave and Radio Frequency (RF) elements play an important role in communication systems, and due to the proliferation of radar, satellite and mobile wireless systems, there is a need for the study of electromagnetism. This book provides basic knowledge of the microwave and RF range. It has grown from the authors’ own teaching and as such has a unity of methodology and style, essential for a smooth reading.
The book is intended for microwave engineers and advanced graduate students.
Each of the nine chapters provides a complete analysis and modeling of the microwave structure used for emission or reception technology. We hope that this book will provide students with a set of approaches that they could use for current and future RF and microwave circuit designs. We also emphasize the practical nature of the subject by summarizing the analysis steps and giving numerous examples of problems and exercises with solutions so that RF and microwave students can have an appreciation of each aspect. The book is therefore theoretical but also experimental with 17 microwave problems and examples. The exercises occupy about 40% of the book. This approach, we believe, has produced a coherent, practical and real-life treatment of the subject.
We have decided to successively study the functions that allow the reception and the emission of a signal in the cases of Earth stations, of satellites and of RF (mobile phones):
For all these three functions, we give their principal properties in several chapters mixed with exercises and problems.
Figure 1.Organization of the book
The book is divided into three parts and nine chapters:
Part 1 is entirely devoted to the introduction of transmission lines. The goal of Chapter 1 is to give the characteristic parameters of the TEM lines (capacitance, conductance per unit of length and the characteristic impedance). First, we discuss power. Then we give examples and problems (with solutions) of the band-line and of the coaxial cable.
Chapter 2 gives the losses in the TEM transmission line. The metallic and the dielectric losses are computed from a method of perturbation. These results are applied to the electromagnetic of a classical transmission line and to a coaxial cable.
In Chapter 3, we describe different methods of determining the characteristics of TEM lines as conformal transformation and the finite differences method. In the problems with solutions, we study classical conformal transformations and the case of the eccentric coaxial.
In Part 2, we consider what the properties of the guides are.
The first chapter of this second part (Chapter 4) is devoted to the determination of the waves starting from Maxwell equations. We compute the energy speed from Ostrogradsky′s and Stokes’s theorems. We consider the cases of TE or TM waves and of waves above the cutoff, at the cutoff and under the cutoff (evanescent). A summary table is given at the end of this chapter.
Chapter 5 is devoted to the determination of losses in the cases of TE or TM waves. We give, as a problem with a solution, the losses for a guide composed of parallel metallic and lossy planes.
In the last part, Part 3, we show how to realize microwave and RF cavities.
First, in the case of the rectangular cavity (Chapter 8), we construct the fundamental which is the TE011. We give the waves in the cavity, the electric energy and the magnetic energy, and we define the quality factor of the cavity Q. This chapter is easy to understand and can be considered as an entire problem. Chapter 9 is more complicated because we consider the general cases TEmnp and TMmnp. For the different values of (m,n,p), we give the waves in the constructed cavity.
The aspects and the corresponding problems are given during the fourth year of university and at specialist engineering schools.
Professor Pierre JARRYFrance
Professor Jacques N. BENEATUSAApril 2014
Introduction to Microwaves
I.1. Introduction
The first microwaves were reserved for radar and telecommunications. Microwave development is now increasing by about 15% per year and we find microwaves in various applications:
In the 1950s, we began by using tube generators. In the 1970s, with the emergence of microwave transistors, circuits became increasingly compact (e.g. the bipolar and the field-effect transistors (FET)). Then it was possible to integrate the active components using strip, and then microstrip, lines. From 1990 to now, the complete integration of active components has been made possible using microwave amplifiers, couplers, filters, diodes, attenuators, commutators, phasors, etc.
I.2. The electromagnetic spectrum
Length wave classification
Band classifications
Some bands are allocated to the corresponding waveguides.
A rapid historical glance
1920 was the date of the first generator, the Magnetron (by Hull).
1935, a more sophisticated generator, the Klystron (developed by Russel and Variant).
From 1940 to now, the development of radar (in military and civil applications such as guiding, telecommunications, space, etc.).
1950, ferrite components.
1962, GUNN diode.
1970, microwave transistors such as the FET.
1990 to now, microwave integrated circuits, mobile phones.
