RNA Regulation, 2 Volumes E-Book

• Herausgeber: Wiley-VCH
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Serie: Current Topics from the Encyclopedia of Molecular Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 1959

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2014

Beschreibung

Based on one of the leading encyclopedic resources in cell and molecular biology worldwide, this two-volume work contains more than 75% new content, not previously published in the Encyclopedia. All the other chapters have been carefully updated.
The result is a comprehensive overview of the different functions of the various forms of RNA in living organisms, with each contributor carefully selected and an internationally recognized expert on his or her field. Special focus is on the different forms of expression regulation through RNA, with medical applications in the treatment of diseases -- from cancers and immune responses to infections and aging -- covered in detail. At least 45 of the 55 articles are new content previously not published in the Encyclopedia.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Cover

Related Titles

Title Page

Copyright

Preface

Part I: Molecular Cell Biology

Chapter 1: RNA Regulation in Apoptosis

1 Balancing Life and Death

2 The Coordinated Process of Apoptosis

3 Protein Regulators of Apoptosis

4 Transcriptional Regulation of Apoptosis

5 Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Apoptosis

6 Discussion

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 2: Bacterial trans-Translation: From Functions to Applications

1 Introduction

2 Canonical Protein Synthesis in Bacteria

3 Situations Inducing Ribosome Stalling

4 Structure and Function of Isolated tmRNA

5 Structure and Function of SmpB

6 Other tmRNA Partners

7

trans

-Translation: from Structures to Mechanistics

8 Other Physiological Roles Attributed to

trans

-Translation

9 Alternative Pathways

10 Medical Applications

11 Concluding Remarks

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 3: RNA-mediated Control of Bacterial Gene Expression: Role of Regulatory non-Coding RNAs

1 Regulatory RNAs in the RNA World

2 Discovery of Chromosomal Regulatory RNAs

3 Intrinsic Regulatory RNA Elements: Leaders and Riboswitches

4 RNA Pairing to Other RNAs

5 RNA Changing Protein Activities

6 Concluding Remarks

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 4: Functions and Applications of RNA-Guided CRISPR-Cas Immune Systems

1 Introduction to CRISPR-Cas Immune Systems

2 Mechanism of Action of CRISPR-Mediated Interference

3 Exploitation of the Versatile CRISPR-Cas Systems

4 Summary and Outlook

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 5: RNA Regulation in Myogenesis

1 Myogenic Program

2 RNA Regulation in Myogenesis

3 Conclusions

List of Abbreviations

References

Chapter 6: Regulation of Animal Gene Expression by Ingested Plant Small RNAs

1 Introducing the Small RNAs

2 Intracellular Regulation of Gene Expression by Small RNAs

3 Intercellular Regulation of Gene Expression by Small RNAs

4 Regulation of Animal Gene Expression by Ingested Plant miRNAs

5 Regulation of Animal Gene Expression by Ingested siRNAs

6 Issues Raised by Small RNA-Mediated Cross-Kingdom Regulation

7 Summary

References

Chapter 7: RNA Interference in Animals

1 Introduction

2 Small Interfering RNA (siRNA)-Mediated Gene Silencing

3 MicroRNA (miRNA)-Mediated Gene Silencing

4 PIWI-Interacting RNA (piRNA)-Mediated Gene Silencing

5 Conclusions

References

Chapter 8: To Translate or Degrade: Cytoplasmic mRNA Decision Mechanisms

1 Introduction

2 Nonsense-Mediated Decay: The Removal of Defective mRNA

3 Regulation of 5

′

Cap-Dependent Translation

4 Regulation of mRNA Degradation

5 Cellular Compartments That Determine mRNA Fate

6 Micro-RNA-Mediated Regulation

7 Conclusions and Future Research

References

Chapter 9: RNA Modification

1 Origin and Occurrence of Modified Nucleotides in RNA

2 Chemical Nature and Properties of Modified Nucleotides in RNA

3 Enzymes and Enzymatic Mechanisms of RNA Modification

4 Functions of RNA Modifications

5 Static and Regulated Character of RNA Modification

6 Molecular Pathologies Linked to RNA-Modification Defects

References

Chapter 10: Regulation of Gene Expression

1 Introduction

2 Regulation of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes

3 Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

4 RNA Splicing

5 Role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the Regulation of Gene Expression

6 Chromatin Structure and the Control of Gene Expression

7 Epigenetic Control of Gene Expression

8 Gene Regulation by Hormonal Action

9 Post-Transcriptional Regulation of mRNA

10 Transport of Processed mRNA to the Cytoplasm

11 Regulation of Gene Expression at the Level of Translation

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 11: RNA Silencing in Plants

1 Introduction

2 An Historical Overview of RNA Silencing

3 The Core Mechanism

4 Double-Stranded RNA

5 Dicers

6 Argonautes

7 Signal Amplification

8 MicroRNAs

9 Small Interfering RNAs

10 Viruses and RNA Silencing

11 Mobile Small RNAs

12 Conclusion

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 12: mRNA Stability

1 Introduction

2 mRNA Decay Factors and Enzymes

3 Regulation of mRNA Decay through

cis

-Acting Elements and

trans

-Acting Factors

4 AU-, GU-, and C-Rich Elements and Their Associated RNA-Binding Proteins

5 mRNA Surveillance Pathways

6 Conclusions and Future Questions

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 13: Visualization of RNA and RNA Interactions in Cells

1 Introduction

2 Methods for Studying RNA and RNA Interactions

3 Fixed Cells

4 Live Cells

5 Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 14: RNA as a Regulator of Chromatin Structure

1 Introduction to Chromatin Structure

2 RNA as a Regulator of Chromatin

3 Small RNA-Mediated Regulation of Chromatin

4 Long RNA-Mediated Chromatin Regulation

5 Summary

References

Chapter 15: Intracellular RNA Localization and Localized Translation

1 Localized mRNAs: an Expanding Number of Destinations and Functions

2 Why Localize mRNAs Rather Than Proteins?

3 Different Mechanisms to Localize mRNAs

4 Mechanisms Underlying the Directed Transport of mRNAs

5 Coupling mRNA Localization with Translational Control

6 Integrated Examples of Localizing mRNAs

7 Conclusions and Perspectives

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 16: tRNA Subcellular Dynamics

1 Introduction

2 Arrangement of Processing Machinery in a Eukaryotic Cell

3 Nuclear–Cytoplasmic Transport of tRNAs

4 tRNA Import into the Mitochondria

References

Part II: Methods for Analysis and Manipulation of RNA-mediated Regulation

Chapter 17: RNA Methodologies

1 Introduction

2 Subpopulations of RNA

3 Goals in the Purification of RNA

4 Methods of Cellular Disruption and RNA Recovery

5 Inhibition of Ribonuclease Activity

6 Methods for the Analysis of RNA

7 Summary

References

Chapter 18: Bacterial Vectors for RNAi Delivery to Cancer Cells

1 Introduction

2 Bacteria-Mediated Cancer Therapy

3 RNAi-Based Therapeutics

4 Delivery of RNAi Effectors by Invasive Bacteria

5 Transkingdom RNAi (tkRNAi)

6 Bacteria-Mediated RNAi (bmRNAi)

7 Conclusions

References

Chapter 19: RNAi Screening and Assays

1 Designing RNAs for RNAi

2 Screening Approaches

3 Analyzing Screening Results

4 Applications

References

Part III: Medical Applications

Chapter 20: Translation Regulation by microRNAs in Acute Leukemia

1 Introduction

2 miRNAs in Normal Hematopoiesis

3 miRNA Expression in AML

4 miRNA Expression in MDS

5 miRNA Expression in ALL

6 Conclusions

Gene and Protein Names

References

Chapter 21: Cancer Stem Cells

1 Introduction

2 Identification and Characterization of the CSCs

3 Signaling Pathways and Factors Involved in the Regulation of CSCs

4 CSCs and the Microenvironment

5 Radiation and Chemotherapy Resistance of CSCs

6 Targeting CSCs

7 Conclusions

References

Chapter 22: RNAi Synthetic Logic Circuits for Sensing, Information Processing, and Actuation

1 Introduction

2 Overview of RNA Interference

3 Applications

4 Conclusions and Perspectives

References

Chapter 23: Emerging Clinical Applications and Pharmacology of RNA

1 Clinically Relevant Features of RNA

2 Emerging Clinical Applications of RNA

3 The Design, Synthesis, Delivery, and Pharmacokinetics of RNA

4 An RNA Drug for Every Disease?

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 24: RNAi to Treat Chronic Hepatitis C Infection

1 Introduction to HCV

2 HCV Life Cycle

3 HCV Target Proteins

4

In-Vivo

Models to Study siRNAs and shRNAs against HCV

5

In-Vitro

Models to Study siRNAs and shRNAs against HCV

6 RNA Interference

References

Chapter 25: RNAi Gene Therapy to Combat HIV-1 Infection

1 Introduction

2 RNA Interference and HIV Infection

3 Strategies

4 Tools and Targets

5 Perspectives

References

Chapter 26: Virus-Encoded microRNAs

1 Introduction

2 The Repertoire of Virus-Encoded miRNAs

3 Noncanonical Biogenesis of Virally Encoded miRNAs

4 Function of Viral miRNAs

5 Conclusion

References

Index

End User License Agreement

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Guide

Table of Contents

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List of Tables

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RNA Regulation

Advances in Molecular Biology and Medicine

Edited by

Robert A. Meyers

Volume 1

RNA Regulation

Advances in Molecular Biology and Medicine

Edited by

Robert A. Meyers

Volume 2

Editor

Dr. Robert A. Meyers

Editor in Chief

RAMTECH LIMITED

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Cover

RNA, © Francis Repoila. Detail from figure 4 in chapter 3 ``RNA-Mediated Control of Bacterial Gene Expression: Role of Regulatory Noncoding RNAs1''.

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Preface

Our compendium is written for university undergraduates, graduate students, faculty, and investigators at research institutes. There are 26 articles and a length of over 800 pages, and as such it is the largest in-depth, up-to-date treatment of RNA Regulation presently available.