Rook's Dermatology Handbook E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 1540

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2021

Beschreibung

The reliable quick-reference guide to clinical dermatology Rook's Dermatology Handbook condenses a wealth of clinical expertise into its accessible, user-friendly guide to the diagnosis and management of dermatological disorders. With its contents carefully selected from the much-respected Rook's Textbook of Dermatology, this invaluable resource combines precise explanations with visual aids and a concise, quick-reference format to create an everyday tool for practitioners and students alike. This innovative new text: * Provides quick answers to clinical questions in one concise and practical volume * Collates and condenses selections from the acclaimed Rook's Textbook of Dermatology * Features helpful illustrations that allow visualization of the clinical features of dermatological conditions * Highlights essential information with easy-to-navigate tables, charts, and algorithms * Includes investigations and management sections to help provide the best possible patient care * Offers access to a complementary companion website Rook's Textbook of Dermatology has been the trusted companion of dermatologists the world over for four decades. Rook's Dermatology Handbook builds upon this reputation by making the clinical practice of dermatology more accessible and immediate than ever before.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Cover

Title Page

Copyright Page

Acknowledgements

Preface

Glossary

Abbreviations

1 Introduction

2 Introduction to dermatological therapeutics

Part 1: Infections and Infestations

3 Viral infections

POXVIRUS INFECTIONS

HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS

Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis

Recurrent oro‐facial and cutaneous herpes

Primary genital herpes

Varicella

Zoster

Infectious mononucleosis

Eczema herpeticum

HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTIONS

Cutaneous warts

Ano‐genital warts and HPV‐associated intraepithelial and invasive neoplasias of genitalia and mucosae

Epidermodysplasia verruciformis

Acquired epidermodysplasia verruciformis

VIRAL INSECT‐BORNE AND HAEMORRHAGIC FEVERS

OTHER CUTANEOUS PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH VIRAL INFECTIONS

Papular‐pruritic gloves and socks syndrome

Pityriasis rosea

Asymmetric periflexural exanthem of childhood

COVID‐19

4 Bacterial infections and sexually transmitted bacterial diseases

GRAM‐POSITIVE BACTERIA

STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

STREPTOCOCCI

SKIN DISEASE DUE TO STAPHYLOCOCCAL AND STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTION

Impetigo

Ecthyma

Cellulitis and erysipelas

Folliculitis

Furuncle (boil, abscess)

Carbuncle

Sycosis

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

CORYNEFORM BACTERIA

Cutaneous diphtheria

Erythrasma

Trichomycosis axillaris

Pitted keratolysis

BACILLUS

Cutaneous anthrax

ERYSIPELOTHRIX RUSIOPATHIAE

Erysipeloid

CLOSTRIDIUM

Gas gangrene

GRAM‐NEGATIVE BACTERIA

NEISSERIA MENINGITIDES

Meningococcal septicaemia

Gonococcal infections

PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA

Pseudomonas infection

FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS

Tularaemia

PASTEURELLA

Pasteurella multocida and related infections

YERSINIA

Plague and

Yersinia

infections

BRUCELLA

Brucellosis

BARTONELLA

EHRLICHIA

Ehrlichiosis

ANAEROBIC BACTERIA

Tropical ulcers

Granuloma inguinale

SPIROCHAETES AND SPIRAL BACTERIA

TREPONEMES

Endemic syphilis or bejel

Yaws

Pinta

BORRELIA

Relapsing fever

Borrelia burgdorferi and Lyme disease

MISCELLANEOUS BACTERIAL INFECTIONS

Necrotising fasciitis

RICKETTSIAL INFECTIONS

Spotted fever group

Epidemic typhus

Brill–Zinsser disease

Murine typhus

ACTINOMYCETE INFECTIONS

Actinomycosis

Nocardiosis

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED BACTERIAL DISEASES

Syphilis

5 Mycobacterial infections

Treatment

General measures

Drug therapy

CUTANEOUS TUBERCULOSIS

Lupus vulgaris

Primary inoculation tuberculosis

Scrofuloderma

Warty tuberculosis

RARER VARIANTS OF CUTANEOUS TUBERCULOSIS

TUBERCULIDS

Lichen scrofulosorum

Papulonecrotic tuberculid

Erythema induratum of Bazin

Other nodular tuberculids

NON‐TUBERCULOUS (ATYPICAL) MYCOBACTERIA

M. marinum

infection

Other atypical mycobacterial infections

Leprosy

6 HIV and the skin

7 Fungal infections

SUPERFICIAL MYCOSES

SKIN DISEASE CAUSED BY

MALASSEZIA

SPECIES

Pityriasis versicolor

Malassezia

folliculitis

DERMATOPHYTOSIS

Tinea corporis

Tinea capitis

Tinea barbae

Tinea faciei

Tinea pedis

Tinea manuum

Tinea cruris

Steroid‐modified tinea

Dermatophytide reactions

OTHER HYPHAL FUNGI

Superficial mycoses caused by

Neoscytalidium dimidiatum

ONYCHOMYCOSIS

CANDIDOSIS

Candidosis of the skin and genital mucous membranes

Chronic mucocutaneous candidosis

SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES

Sporotrichosis

Mycetoma

Chromoblastomycosis

SYSTEMIC MYCOSES

Histoplasmosis

Blastomycosis

Coccidioidomycosis

Infections caused by

Talaromyces marneffei

Cryptococcosis

Systemic candidosis

8 Parasitic diseases

NEMATODE INFECTIONS

Onchocerciasis

Lymphatic filariasis

Cutaneous larva migrans

TREMATODE INFECTIONS

Schistosomiasis

PROTOZOAL INFECTIONS

Cutaneous leishmaniasis

Visceral leishmaniasis

9 Arthropods, stings and bites

CLASS ARACHNIDA

Spiders

Scorpions

Ticks

Mites

STINGS AND BITES

Stings: marine injuries

Bites

Part 2: Inflammatory Dermatoses

10 Psoriasis

PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS

11 Pityriasis rubra pilaris

12 Lichen planus and lichenoid disorders

13 Graft‐versus‐host disease

14 Eczematous disorders

MISCELLANEOUS SPECIFIED ECZEMATOUS DERMATOSES

Infective dermatitis

Infective dermatitis of children associated with human T‐cell leukaemia virus 1 infection

Post‐traumatic eczema

Pityriasis alba

Chronic superficial scaly dermatitis

DERMATOPHYTIDE

Halo dermatitis

OTHER RELATED DERMATOSES

Lichen simplex and lichenification

Erythroderma

15 Seborrhoeic dermatitis

16 Atopic eczema

17 Urticaria

18 Mastocytosis

19 Reactive inflammatory erythemas

20 Behçet disease

21 Neutrophilic dermatoses

22 Immunobullous diseases

INTRAEPIDERMAL IMMUNOBULLOUS DISEASES

Pemphigus

SUBEPIDERMAL IMMUNOBULLOUS DISEASES

Bullous pemphigoid

Mucous membrane pemphigoid

Linear iga disease

Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita

Bullous systemic lupus erythematosus

VERY RARE PEMPHIGOID DISORDERS

Dermatitis herpetiformis

23 Lupus erythematosus

24 Dermatomyositis

25 Sclerosis and morphoea

Part 3: Metabolic and Nutritional Disorders Affecting the Skin

26 Cutaneous amyloidoses

27 Cutaneous mucinoses

28 Porphyrias

29 Nutritional disorders affecting the skin

Part 4: Genetic Disorders Involving the Skin

30 Inherited disorders of epidermal keratinisation

31 Acquired and inherited hair disorders

ACQUIRED HAIR DISORDERS

NON‐SCARRING ALOPECIAS

Androgenetic alopecia and pattern hair loss

Telogen effluvium

SCARRING ALOPECIAS

Chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus

Pseudopelade of Brocq

Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia

Folliculitis decalvans and tufted folliculitis

Cosmetic alopecia

Non‐specific cicatricial alopecia

ACQUIRED DERMATOSES OF THE SCALP

Pityriasis amiantacea

Dissecting cellulitis of the scalp

Erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp

INHERITED HAIR DISORDERS

Hair shaft defects

EXCESSIVE GROWTH OF HAIR

Congenital generalised hypertrichosis

32 Acquired and inherited disorders of pigmentation

ACQUIRED HYPERPIGMENTATION

Physiological hyperpigmentation (tanning in response to UV radiation)

Melasma

Poikiloderma of Civatte

Hypermelanosis due to endocrine disorders

Hypermelanosis in other systemic disorders

DRUG‐INDUCED HYPERPIGMENTATION

Post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation

Exogenous ochronosis

ACQUIRED HYPOPIGMENTATION

Vitiligo

Halo naevus

Post‐inflammatory hypopigmentation

Progressive macular hypomelanosis

Idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis

INHERITED HYPERPIGMENTATION DISORDERS

Incontinentia pigmenti

INHERITED HYPOPIGMENTATION DISORDERS

Piebaldism

Waardenburg syndrome

Oculocutaneous albinism

Hypomelanosis of Ito

33 Epidermolysis bullosa

34 Genetic disorders of collagen, elastin and dermal matrix

INHERITED DISORDERS OF COLLAGEN

Ehlers–Danlos syndrome

INHERITED DISORDERS OF ELASTIC FIBRES

Inherited generalised cutis laxa

Williams–Beuren syndrome

Infantile stiff skin syndromes

Premature ageing syndromes

DISORDERS OF ECTOPIC CALCIFICATION AND ABNORMAL MINERALISATION

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum

Miscellaneous dermal disorders

35 Disorders affecting cutaneous vasculature

36 Congenital naevi

CLASSIFICATION OF CONGENITAL NAEVI

Clinical phenotypic classification

Histological classification

Genetic classification

CONGENITAL EPIDERMAL NAEVI

CONGENITAL PIGMENT CELL NAEVI

Congenital melanocytic naevi

Congenital Spitz naevus and congenital blue naevus

Congenital naevus spilus

CONGENITAL CONNECTIVE TISSUE NAEVI AND FAT NAEVI

UNCLASSIFIABLE NAEVI

Becker naevus

37 DNA repair disorders with cutaneous features

38 Hamartoneoplastic syndromes

39 Inherited metabolic disorders

LYSOSOMAL STORAGE DISORDERS

Fabry disease

DISORDERS OF AMINO ACID METABOLISM AND TRANSPORT

DISORDERS OF CHOLESTEROL SYNTHESIS

OTHER METABOLIC DISORDERS

Part 5: Psychological and Neurological Disorders and the Skin

40 Pruritus and prurigo

41 Mucocutaneous pain syndromes

42 Psychodermatology

DELUSIONAL BELIEFS

Delusional infestation

Olfactory reference syndrome

OBSESSIVE AND COMPULSIVE BEHAVIOURS

Body dysmorphic disorder

Skin‐picking disorder

Trichotillosis

FACTITIOUS SKIN DISEASE

Dermatitis artefacta

Part 6: Skin Disorders Associated with Specific Cutaneous Structure

43 Acquired disorders of epidermal keratinisation

44 Acne

ACNE VARIANTS: ACNE ASSOCIATED WITH PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS

Acné excoriée

Granulomatous acne

Drug‐induced acne

Acne cosmetica

Occupational acne

Acne fulminans

Acne conglobata

Acne in childhood

45 Rosacea, flushing and blushing

ROSACEA

FACIAL DERMATOSES WITH AN UNCERTAIN NOSOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIP TO ROSACEA

Idiopathic facial aseptic granuloma

Pyoderma faciale

Solid facial lymphoedema

Corticosteroid‐induced rosacea‐like facial dermatosis

Periorificial dermatitis

Childhood granulomatous periorificial dermatitis

FLUSHING AND BLUSHING

CAUSES OF FLUSHING

46 Hidradenitis suppurativa

47 Disorders of the sweat glands

DISORDERS OF ECCRINE SWEAT GLANDS

Hyperhidrosis

Miliaria

Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis

Disorders of apocrine sweat glands

48 Acquired and inherited nail disorders

NAIL SIGNS AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE

Yellow nail syndrome

BENIGN TUMOURS OF THE NAIL

Glomus tumour

Subungual exostosis

Digital myxoid pseudocyst

Acquired ungual fibrokeratoma

Pyogenic granuloma

MALIGNANT TUMOURS OF THE NAIL

Squamous cell carcinoma

Melanoma

NAIL FOLD INFECTIONS

Acute paronychia

Herpetic paronychia

Chronic paronychia

DERMATOSES AFFECTING THE NAILS

Nail psoriasis

Darier disease of the nails

Eczema involving the nails

Lichen planus of the nails and related conditions

GENETIC DISORDERS OF NAILS

Pachyonychia congenita

Nail–patella syndrome

49 Acquired disorders of dermal connective tissue

CHANGES IN DERMAL CONNECTIVE TISSUE DUE TO AGEING AND PHOTODAMAGE

Solar elastosis

Adult colloid milium and colloid degeneration of the skin

CUTANEOUS ATROPHY

Atrophy due to corticosteroids

Striae

Poikiloderma

Spontaneous atrophic scarring of the cheeks

Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans

Atrophodermas

Paroxysmal haematoma of the finger

DISORDERS OF ELASTIC FIBRE DEGRADATION

Anetoderma

Dermal elastolysis

Linear focal elastosis

FIBROMATOSES

ABNORMAL FIBROTIC RESPONSES TO SKIN INJURY

Keloids and hypertrophic scars

PERFORATING DERMATOSES

Acquired perforating dermatosis

Elastosis perforans serpiginosa

50 Sarcoidosis and granulomatous skin disorders

51 Panniculitis

52 Lipodystrophies and other acquired disorders of subcutaneous fat

NORMAL VARIANTS OF FAT ACCUMULATION

Cellulite

Obesity

Part 7: Vascular Disorders Involving the Skin

53 Purpura

54 Vasculitis

SMALL VESSEL VASCULITIDES

Cutaneous small‐vessel vasculitis

IgA vasculitis

Cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis

Hypocomplementaemic urticarial vasculitis

ANCA‐associated vasculitides

MEDIUM VESSEL VASCULITIDES

Polyarteritis nodosa and cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa

OTHER SKIN DISORDERS CHARACTERISED BY VASCULITIS

Kawasaki disease

Granuloma faciale

55 Dermatoses resulting from disorders of the arteries and veins

56 Ulceration resulting from disorders of the veins and arteries

57 Disorders of the lymphatic vessels

Part 8: Skin Disorders Associated with Specific Sites, Sex and Age

58 Dermatoses of the external ear

Skin manifestations of the ear in systemic diseases

59 Disorders of the lips and mouth

Mouth ulcers

Recurrent aphthous ulcers

Management of recurrent aphthous stomatitis

DISORDERS OF THE TONGUE

DISORDERS OF THE LIPS

MOUTH INVOLVEMENT IN SKIN DISEASES

MOUTH INVOLVEMENT IN SYSTEMIC DISEASES

LEUKOPLAKIA

ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

60 Dermatoses of the eye and eyelids

61 Dermatoses of anogenital skin

INFLAMMATORY DERMATOSES OF ANOGENITAL SKIN

Lichen sclerosus

Lichen planus

Seborrhoeic dermatitis

Psoriasis

Hidradenitis suppurativa

Zoon balanitis

Lipschutz ulcer

INFECTIVE DERMATOSES OF ANOGENITAL SKIN

Human papilloma virus

Candidiasis

Streptococcal infections

Malakoplakia

MALIGNANT AND PRE‐MALIGNANT DERMATOSES

Vulval intraepithelial neoplasia

Penile intraepithelial neoplasia

Anal intraepithelial neoplasia

Squamous cell carcinoma of the anogenital skin

Verrucous carcinoma

Extramammary Paget disease

62 Dermatoses occurring in pregnancy

63 Dermatoses of neonates

NEONATAL BARRIER FUNCTION OF SKIN

NORMAL CHANGES OCCURRING IN NEONATAL SKIN

Vernix caseosa

Peripheral cyanosis

Erythema neonatorum

Harlequin colour change

Cutis marmorata

Desquamation

Sucking blisters

Neonatal occipital alopecia

Hair shedding in infancy

Sebaceous gland hypertrophy and milia

Hyperpigmentary disorders

Oral findings

SKIN ABNORMALITIES ASSOCIATED WITH PRETERM AND POSTMATURE STATES

SKIN LESIONS ARISING FROM PROCEDURES PERFORMED IN THE ANTENATAL AND NEONATAL PERIODS

NEONATAL RASHES

Toxic erythema of the newborn

Miliaria

Transient pustular melanosis

NEONATAL INFECTIONS

NEONATAL INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS

Neonatal lupus erythematosus

‘Blueberry muffin’ baby (dermal erythropoiesis)

Disorders of the subcutaneous fat

DEVELOPMENTAL ABNORMALITIES

Collodion baby

Aplasia cutis congenita

Congenital muscle hamartoma

HETEROTRIMERIC G‐PROTEIN MOSAIC DISORDERS

McCune‐Albright syndrome

Sturge–Weber syndrome

Phakomatosis pigmentovascularis

64 Dermatoses of infants

INFLAMMATORY DERMATOSES

Atopic eczema

Pityriasis alba

Cradle cap

Infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis

Napkin dermatitis

Infantile psoriasis

Parakeratosis pustulosa

Infantile acropustulosis

Infantile acne

Urticaria

VIRAL INFECTIONS

Viral exanthems

Molluscum contagiosum

BACTERIAL INFECTIONS

Impetigo

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

Blistering distal dactylitis

Perianal dermatitis

FUNGAL INFECTIONS

Cutaneous candidiasis

Tinea facei and tinea corporis

Tinea capitis

ARTHROPOD INFESTATIONS

Scabies

REACTIVE CONDITIONS

Acute haemorrhagic oedema in infancy

Kawasaki disease

Chronic bullous disease of childhood

Gianotti–Crosti syndrome

Papular urticaria

Eosinophilic pustulosis

Acrodermatitis enteropathica

DEVELOPMENTAL AND GENETIC CONDITIONS

Dermoid cysts

Preauricular cysts and sinuses

Pigmentary mosaicism

MISCELLANEOUS CONDITIONS

Pedal papules of infancy

Calcified cutaneous nodules of the heels

Non‐accidental injury

Hair loss in infancy

Langerhans cell histiocytosis

Juvenile xanthogranuloma

Mastocytosis

65 Infantile and congenital haemangiomas

Part 9: Skin Disorders Caused by External Agents

66 Cutaneous adverse reactions to drugs and radiotherapy

BENIGN CUTANEOUS ADVERSE REACTIONS

SEVERE CUTANEOUS ADVERSE REACTIONS

Stevens‐Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis

Acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms

DERMATOSES CAUSED BY CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS

Toxic erythema of chemotherapy

Papulopustular eruption

Investigations

CHEMOTHERAPY‐INDUCED HAIR CHANGES

Chemotherapy‐induced alopecia

Chemotherapy‐induced hypertrichosis

CHEMOTHERAPY‐INDUCED NAIL CHANGES

CHEMOTHERAPY‐INDUCED PIGMENTATION CHANGES

CHEMOTHERAPY‐INDUCED PHOTOSENSITIVITY

Phototoxic reactions

Recall reaction

DERMATOSES CAUSED BY RADIOTHERAPY

Acute radiation dermatitis

Chronic radiation dermatitis

67 Dermatoses causedby cold and heat

DERMATOSES CAUSED BY HEAT

Erythema ab igne

68 Photodermatoses

Management

Drug and chemical‐induced photosensitivity

69 Contact dermatitis

Part 10: Neoplastic, Proliferative, and Infiltrative Disorders Affecting the Skin

70 Benign melanocytic proliferations and melanocytic naevi

LENTIGINES

MUCOSAL MELANOTIC LESIONS

DERMAL MELANOCYTIC LESIONS

NAEVI IN UNUSUAL SITES

NAEVI WITH UNUSUAL MORPHOLOGY

OTHER NAEVI

Spitz naevus

Blue naevus and variants

Clinically atypical naevi

71 Benign keratinocytic acanthomas and proliferations

BENIGN KERATINOCYTIC ACANTHOMAS

Seborrhoeic keratosis

Warty dyskeratoma

Clear cell acanthoma

Lichenoid keratosis

OTHER BENIGN PROLIFERATIONS

Skin tags

72 Cutaneous cysts

73 Lymphocytic infiltrates

Parapsoriasis

Jessner’s lymphocytic infiltrate

74 Cutaneous histiocytoses

NON‐LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSES

75 Soft‐tissue tumours and tumour‐like conditions

FIBROUS AND MYOFIBROBLASTIC TUMOURS

Fibrous papule of the face/nose

Acquired digital fibrokeratoma

Pseudosarcomatous fibromatosis

Desmoplastic fibroblastoma

Palmar and plantar fascial fibromatosis (superficial fibromatoses)

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans

FIBROHISTIOCYTIC TUMOURS

Dermatofibroma

Atypical fibroxanthoma

VASCULAR TUMOURS

REACTIVE VASCULAR LESIONS

Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia

Glomeruloid haemangioma

BENIGN VASCULAR TUMOURS

Lobular capillary haemangioma (pyogenic granuloma)

Epithelioid hemangioma

Hobnail haemangioma

VASCULAR TUMOURS OF INTERMEDIATE MALIGNANCY

Kaposiform haemangioendothelioma

MALIGNANT VASCULAR TUMOURS

Angiosarcoma

TUMOURS OF PERIVASCULAR CELLS

Infantile myofibromatosis and adult myofibroma

Glomus tumour

PERIPHERAL NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOURS

Multiple mucosal neuromas

Solitary circumscribed neuroma

Schwannoma

Solitary neurofibroma

Diffuse neurofibroma

Plexiform neurofibroma

Granular cell tumour

TUMOURS OF MUSCLE

Leiomyoma

TUMOURS OF FAT CELLS

Angiolipoma

Lipoma

TUMOURS OF UNCERTAIN HISTOGENESIS

Acral fibromyxoma

76 Tumours of skin appendages

HAIR FOLLICLE TUMOURS

Comedo naevus

EXTERNAL ROOT SHEATH TUMOURS

Trichilemmal cyst

Trichilemmoma

HAMARTOMAS AND HAIR GERM TUMOURS AND CYSTS

Eruptive vellus hair cyst

Trichofolliculoma

Trichoepithelioma

HAIR MATRIX TUMOURS

Pilomatricoma

LESIONS OF HAIR FOLLICLE MESENCHYME

Trichodiscoma and fibrofolliculoma

SEBACEOUS GLAND TUMOURS

Sebaceous adenomas and sebaceomas

Sebaceous carcinoma

APOCRINE GLAND TUMOURS

Apocrine hidrocystoma

Syringocystadenoma papilliferum

ECCRINE GLAND HAMARTOMAS AND TUMOURS

Eccrine hidrocystoma

Eccrine poroma

Syringoma

ECCRINE OR APOCRINE/FOLLICULAR TUMOURS

Hidradenoma

Cylindroma

Spiradenoma

SWEAT GLAND CARCINOMAS, INCLUDING DUCTAL APOCRINE/FOLLICULAR CARCINOMAS

Malignant eccrine poroma

Microcystic adnexal carcinoma

MISCELLANEOUS TUMOURS

Paget disease of the nipple

77 Kaposi sarcoma

78 Cutaneous lymphomas

PRIMARY CUTANEOUS T‐CELL LYMPHOMAS

Mycosis fungoides

Follicular mucinosis

Pagetoid reticulosis

Granulomatous slack skin disease

Sézary syndrome

PRIMARY CUTANEOUS CD30+ LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS

Lymphomatoid papulosis

Primary cutaneous anaplastic (CD30+) large‐cell lymphoma

Subcutaneous panniculitis‐like T‐cell lymphoma

PRIMARY CUTANEOUS PERIPHERAL T‐CELL LYMPHOMA (UNSPECIFIED)

Adult T‐cell leukaemia–lymphoma (HTLV‐1 associated)

PRIMARY CUTANEOUS B‐CELL LYMPHOMAS

Marginal zone lymphoma

Follicle centre cell lymphoma

Investigations

Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma

OTHER DISORDERS

Leukaemia cutis

Cutaneous manifestations of Hodgkin disease

79 Basal cell carcinoma

80 Squamous cell carcinoma, its precursors and skin cancer in the immunocompromised patient

LESIONS WITH UNCERTAIN OR UNPREDICTABLE MALIGNANT POTENTIAL

Actinic keratosis

Cutaneous horn

Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis

IN SITU

CARCINOMA OF THE SKIN

Bowen disease

Differential diagnosis

Investigations

Management

SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF THE SKIN

KERATOACANTHOMAS AND ASSOCIATED SYNDROMES

Keratoacanthoma

Multiple self‐healing squamous epithelioma

SKIN CANCER IN THE IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PATIENT

Non‐Hodgkin lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

Solid‐organ transplantation

81 Melanoma

82 Dermoscopy of melanoma and naevi

BENIGN DERMOSCOPIC PATTERNS IN NAEVI

DERMOSCOPY OF MELANOMA

MELANOMAS IN SPECIAL LOCATIONS

Acral melanoma

Melanoma involving the nail unit

Mucosal melanoma

OTHER MELANOMA VARIANTS

Amelanotic melanoma

Nodular melanoma

83 Merkel cell carcinoma

84 Cutaneous markers of internal malignancy

MULTISYSTEM AND HAEMATOPOIETIC TUMOURS THAT INVOLVE THE SKIN

Tumour spread from adjacent and distant tissues

Peau d’orange

(orange peel appearance)

Carcinoma en cuirasse

Carcinoma erysipeloides

Telangiectatic metastatic carcinoma

Cutaneous metastasis

PAGET DISEASE

Mammary Paget disease

GENETICALLY DETERMINED SYNDROMES WITH CUTANEOUS MANIFESTATIONS

PARANEOPLASTIC DISORDERS

Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica

Erythema gyratum repens

Necrolytic migratory erythema

Deposition disorders

Paraneoplastic pigmentation

DERMATOSES ASSOCIATED WITH INTERNAL MALIGNANCIES

Raynaud phenomenon and digital ischaemia

Erythromelalgia

Vasculitis

Chilblain‐like lesions

Flushing

Hyperhidrosis

Cancer‐associated thrombosis

Paraneoplastic pruritus

Part 11: Systemic Disease and the Skin

85 The skin and systemic diseases

86 Acute dermatoses

87 Differential diagnosis

88 Drugs in dermatology

Index

End User License Agreement

List of Tables

Chapter 1

Table 1.1 Fitzpatrick classification of skin types

Table 1.2 Background medical history

Table 1.3 Descriptive terms for cutaneous lesions (adapted from Nast et al. ...

Table 1.4 Shapes of cutaneous lesions (adapted from Nast et al. 2016)

Table 1.5 Distribution patterns of cutaneous lesions (adapted from Nast et a...

Table 1.6 Colour under Wood’s light linked to clinical examples (adapted fro...

Chapter 2

Table 2.1 Fingertip units required for a single treatment of various regions...

Table 2.2 Different types of topical treatments and their main uses

Table 2.3 Potency of some common topical corticosteroids as per

British Natio

...

Table 2.4 Maximum recommended local anaesthetic doses in adults

Chapter 3

Table 3.1 Classification of viruses causing human skin disease

Table 3.2 Viral exanthems

Table 3.3 Human poxvirus infections

Table 3.4 Herpesviruses causing disease in humans

Table 3.5 Examples of VHF

Chapter 4

Table 4.1 Diseases caused by

Bartonella

species

Table 4.2 Classification of the rickettsial spotted fever group

Table 4.3 Stages of lymphogranuloma venereum

Chapter 5

Table 5.1 Characteristics of lesions of polar leprosy

Chapter 7

Table 7.1 Morphology and diseases caused by the two main forms of fungi: yea...

Table 7.2 Common causes of onychomycosis

Chapter 8

Table 8.1 Clinical features of cutaneous leishmaniasis (Adapted from Weather...

Chapter 9

Table 9.1 Arthropod bites: main clinical and epidemiological features

Table 9.2 Drugs commonly used to treat scabies

Table 9.3 Main types of marine stings and bites

Table 9.4 Main types of bites

Chapter 10

Table 10.1 Erythema, scaling and induration are graded in each region and a ...

Table 10.2 CASPAR criteria for psoriatic arthritis. To be characterised as h...

Chapter 14

Table 14.1 Management of eczema

Table 14.2 Diagnosis of some discoid skin lesions

Table 14.3 Features that distinguish between a pre‐lymphomatous (pre‐reticul...

Table 14.4 Causes of erythroderma and relative prevalence in adults

Chapter 15

Table 15.1 Summary of NICE recommendations for the treatment of seborrhoeic ...

Chapter 17

Table 17.1 The different types of angio‐oedema presenting without weals

Table 17.2 Diagnostic work‐up in urticarial vasculitis

Chapter 20

Table 20.1 Revised International Criteria for Behçet disease

Chapter 21

Table 21.1 Diseases associated with Sweet syndrome

Chapter 22

Table 22.1 The intraepidermal immunobullous diseases: immunopathology

Table 22.2 Pemphigoid diseases

Chapter 23

Table 23.1 Clinical features of SLE

Table 23.2 Cutaneous features of SLE in 73 patients

Table 23.3 Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics classification...

Table 23.4 Circulating antibodies in SLE

Chapter 25

Table 25.1 Classification criteria for SSc

Table 25.2 Typical features of limited and diffuse forms of SSc

Table 25.3 Comparative features of generalised morphoea, eosinophilic fascii...

Table 25.4 Autoantibodies in systemic sclerosis and their common clinical as...

Chapter 26

Table 26.1 Localised cutaneous amyloidoses

Table 26.2 Cutaneous amyloidoses due to systemic disease

Chapter 27

Table 27.1 Subtypes of rare dermal mucinoses

Chapter 28

Table 28.1 Investigations for cutaneous porphyrias

Table 28.2 Management of cutaneous porphyrias

Chapter 29

Table 29.1 Findings seen with specific vitamin deficiency or excess

Table 29.2 B‐complex vitamin abnormalities

Table 29.3 Diseases of mineral deficiency and excess

Chapter 31

Table 31.1 Investigations and management of acquired non‐scarring hair disor...

Table 31.2 Investigations and management of acquired scarring hair disorders

Table 31.3 Inherited hair‐shaft structural abnormalities

Chapter 32

Table 32.1 Classification of sun‐reactive skin types

Table 32.2 Endocrine disorders causing hyperpigmentation

Table 32.3 Drugs causing hyperpigmentation

Chapter 33

Table 33.1 The major forms of EB (see Clinical features for further details)

Table 33.2 Different subtypes and clinical features of EB simplex

Table 33.3 Different subtypes and clinical features of junctional EB

Table 33.4 Different subtypes and clinical features of dystrophic EB

Chapter 34

Table 34.1 Clinical and molecular subtypes of EDS

Table 34.2 Premature aging syndromes

Table 34.3 Major and minor diagnostic criteria for PXE

Table 34.4 Additional dermal disorders

Chapter 39

Table 39.1 Summary of the rarer lysosomal storage disorders

Table 39.2 Summary of amino acid metabolism and transport disorders which ha...

Chapter 40

Table 40.1 Conditions associated with pruritus

Chapter 41

Table 41.1 The dysaesthetic syndromes

Chapter 43

Table 43.1 Differential diagnosis of porokeratoses...

Chapter 44

Table 44.1 Medical conditions that may predispose to acne or in which acne p...

Table 44.2 Lifestyle and environmental factors that may predispose to acne

Table 44.3 Hormonal investigations required to identify endocrine problems

Table 44.4 Summary of factors associated with acne severity and relapse

Table 44.5 Defining the severity of acne according to lesion type and extent

Table 44.6 Drug classes and types of medication that may exacerbate or cause...

Table 44.7 Therapeutic options for childhood acne

Chapter 45

Table 45.1 Rosacea subtypes: clinical features and severity grading

Table 45.2 Differential diagnosis of rosacea subtypes

Table 45.3 Disorders associated with flushing

Chapter 46

Table 46.1 Pathogenic hypotheses in HS and associated evidence

Table 46.2 Diagnostic criteria for HS

Chapter 48

Table 48.1 Structural abnormalities of the nail

Table 48.2 Colour changes of the nail

Table 48.3 Differential diagnosis between four common nail disorders: fungal...

Table 48.4 Systemic therapies in common dermatological diseases affecting th...

Chapter 50

Table 50.1 Cutaneous sarcoidosis

Table 50.2 Features of systemic sarcoidosis

Table 50.3 Clinical features divided by subtype

Chapter 51

Table 51.1 Summary of classification of the panniculitides

Table 51.2 Predominantly septal panniculitides with vasculitis

Table 51.3 Predominantly septal panniculitides without vasculitis

Table 51.4 Predominantly lobular panniculitis with vasculitis

Table 51.5a Predominantly lobular panniculitis without vasculitis

Table 51.5b Predominantly lobular panniculitis without vasculitis

Chapter 52

Table 52.1 Acquired lipodystrophies

Table 52.2 Drug‐induced lipodystrophies

Table 52.3 Disorders of fat accumulation

Chapter 53

Table 53.1 Causes of purpura and ecchymosis

Table 53.2 Platelet disorders causing purpura

Table 53.3 Presentation of different pigmented purpuric dermatoses

Chapter 54

Table 54.1 Investigations to be undertaken if vasculitis is suspected

Table 54.2 The ANCA‐associated vasculitides

Chapter 55

Table 55.1 Investigations for patients with suspected peripheral vascular di...

Table 55.2 Causes of telangiectases

Table 55.3 Causes of chronic venous insufficiency

Table 55.4 Clinical features of chronic venous insufficiency

Chapter 57

Table 57.1 Causes of chronic oedema

Table 57.2 Causes of a swollen leg

Table 57.3 Causes of a swollen arm

Table 57.4 Causes of head and neck swelling

Table 57.5 Causes of lymphoedema of the genitalia and mons pubis

Table 57.6 List of known syndromes associated with lymphoedema and the causa...

Chapter 59

Table 59.1 Benign lesions in the mouth and on the lips

Table 59.2 Common infections of the mouth and lips

Table 59.3 Recurrent aphthous ulcers

Table 59.4 Systemic disorders associated with recurrent aphthous stomatitis

Table 59.5 Disorders affecting the surface of the tongue

Table 59.6 Types of cheilitis

Table 59.7 Oral manifestations of skin diseases

Chapter 60

Table 60.1 Clinical features of types of chronic blepharitis

Table 60.2 Treatment of chronic blepharitis

Table 60.3 Systemic diseases with skin and eye involvement

Table 60.4 Clinical features and treatment of tumours and cysts occurring on...

Chapter 61

Table 61.1 Benign lesions of the penis and scrotum

Table 61.2 Benign lesions of the vulva

Table 61.3 Benign lesions of the perineum and perianal skin

Table 61.4 Forms of VIN

Table 61.5 Penile intraepithelial neoplasia

Table 61.6 Anal intraepithelial neoplasia

Table 61.7 Squamous cell carcinoma of the anogenital skin

Chapter 62

Table 62.1 Physiological skin changes in pregnancy

Chapter 63

Table 63.1 Complications arising from antenatal procedures

Table 63.2 Complications arising from neonatal medical procedures

Table 63.3 Neonatal infections

Table 63.4 Causes of blueberry muffin baby

Table 63.5 Neonatal disorders of subcutaneous fat

Chapter 64

Table 64.1 Clinical features of the viral exanthems

Chapter 65

Table 65.1 Distinction between IHs and vascular malformations

Table 65.2 Anomalies associated with segmental IHs

Chapter 66

Table 66.1 Benign cutaneous adverse reactions to drugs

Table 66.2 Common culprit drugs in BCARs

Table 66.3 SCORTEN predicted mortality

Table 66.4 Clinical variants of toxic erythema of chemotherapy

Chapter 68

Table 68.1 Patterns of drug‐ and chemical‐induced photosensitivity

Chapter 69

Table 69.1 Common sources of allergens in ACD and their associated patterns ...

Table 69.2 Non‐eczematous responses in allergic contact skin disease

Table 69.3 Allergens tested in the BSCA standard series and their contact so...

Chapter 70

Table 70.1 Basic terminology and definitions used in benign melanocytic neop...

Table 70.2 Subtypes of lentigenes

Table 70.3 Familial lentiginosis syndromes

Table 70.4 Dermal melanocytic lesions

Table 70.5 Common acquired naevi

Table 70.6 Naevi in unusual sites

Table 70.7 Naevi with unusual morphology

Table 70.8 Spitz naevi

Table 70.9 Blue naevi

Chapter 74

Table 74.1 Non‐Langerhans cell histiocytoses

Chapter 76

Table 76.1 Syndromes associated with multiple adnexal tumours

Chapter 77

Table 77.1 The four clinicopathological subtypes of KS

Table 77.2 AIDS Clinical Trial Group staging system for KS

Chapter 78

Table 78.1 WHO–EORTC classification of primary cutaneous lymphomas

Table 78.2 International Society for Cutaneous Lymphoma diagnostic criteria ...

Table 78.3 Clinical staging system for mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome...

Table 78.4 Treatment algorithm for mycosis fungoides/Sézary syndrome

Table 78.5 Independent prognostic factors (CLIPi) for mycosis fungoides/Séza...

Table 78.6 Treatment algorithm for cutaneous CD30+ lymphoproliferative disor...

Chapter 79

Table 79.1 Genetic syndromes with BCC as a prominent feature.

Table 79.2 Genetic syndromes with BCC as an ancillary feature.

Table 79.3 Features of high‐risk BCCs

Table 79.4 Differential diagnosis of BCC

Chapter 80

Table 80.1 Common clinical differential diagnoses of AK

Table 80.2 Topical therapies for AK

Table 80.3 Common clinical differential diagnoses of Bowen disease

Table 80.4 Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) tumour, node and me...

Chapter 81

Table 81.1 Candidacy for consideration of genetic testing

Table 81.2 Recommended clinical margin for WLE of melanoma

Table 81.3 TNM staging categories for cutaneous melanoma

Table 81.4 Anatomical stage groupings for cutaneous melanoma.

Table 81.5 Estimated 5‐ and 10‐year survival rates according to AJCC staging...

Chapter 82

Table 82.1 Melanoma‐specific structures

Table 82.2 Melanoma structures seen on facial or on sun‐damaged skin

Table 82.3 Melanoma structures in acral melanoma (melanomas on volar skin)

Table 82.4 Melanoma‐specific structures of the nail unit

Chapter 84

Table 84.1 Examples of genodermatoses associated with internal malignancies

Table 84.2 Strength of correlation of some potentially paraneoplastic dermat...

Table 84.3 Pigmentary abnormalities associated with internal malignancy

Chapter 85

Table 85.1 Skin manifestations of rheumatological diseases

Table 85.2 Skin manifestations of respiratory diseases

Table 85.3 Skin manifestations of haematological diseases

Table 85.4 Skin manifestations of primary immunodeficiency syndromes

Table 85.5 Skin manifestations of endocrine diseases

Table 85.6 Endocrine tumours associated with dermatological features

Table 85.7 Skin manifestations of diabetes

Table 85.8 Skin manifestations of gastrointestinal and liver diseases

Table 85.9 Skin manifestations of renal diseases

Table 85.10 Skin manifestations of neurological disorders

List of Illustrations

Chapter 1

Figure 1.1 The skin and its appendages.

Figure 1.2 Types of cutaneous lesion: (a) bulla: bullous pemphigoid; (b) mac...

Figure 1.3 Shapes and distribution patterns of skin lesions: (a) annular: ti...

Figure 1.4 Wood’s light illumination of erythrasma of the groins. The fluore...

Chapter 2

Figure 2.1 The fingertip unit: from the distal crease of the forefinger to t...

Figure 2.2 Shave excision of a superficial lesion redraw

Figure 2.3 Ring curette. (a) Curettage of a small nodular BCC on the forehea...

Figure 2.4 Principles of elliptical excision. The ellipse is designed to fol...

Chapter 3

Figure 3.1 Orf.

Figure 3.2 Orf on the dorsum of the left index finger with secondary, target...

Figure 3.3 Herpes labialis. Typical recurrent lesion above the upper lip....

Figure 3.4 Herpes simplex. Inoculation lesion on the thumb of a dermatologis...

Figure 3.5 Genital Herpes. Confluent lesions resulting in large erosions....

Figure 3.6 Varicella.

Figure 3.7 Zoster of the trunk.

Figure 3.8 Ophthalmic zoster.

Figure 3.9 Herpes zoster oticus showing unilateral zoster with facial palsy ...

Figure 3.10 Eczema herpeticum: (a) perioral; (b) Periocular; (c) forehead....

Figure 3.11 Common warts: (a) hand(b) dorsum of the finger, filiform war...

Figure 3.12 Periungual warts in a nail‐biter.

Figure 3.13 Mosaic plantar wart.

Figure 3.14 Plane warts: (a) warts on the knee; (b) warts on the arm with sp...

Figure 3.15 Filiform wart on the forearm.

Figure 3.16 Extensive plantar warts in a renal transplant recipient.

Figure 3.17 Acquired epidermodysplasia verruciformis. Widespread flat hyper‐...

Figure 3.18 Pityriasis rosea (a) with herald patch on the right of the abdom...

Figure 3.19 Urticarial eruption on trunk in a patient with SARS‐CoV‐2.

Figure 3.20 Perniosis of left second toe in a patient with SARS‐CoV‐2.

Chapter 4

Figure 4.1 Staphylococcal impetigo.

Figure 4.2 Streptococcal (group A) pyoderma.

Figure 4.3 Bullous impetigo.

Figure 4.4 Erosive bullous impetigo in a neonate.

Figure 4.5 Ecthyma.

Figure 4.6 Cellulitis/erysipelas: (a) lower leg; (b) bullous cellulitis of t...

Figure 4.7 (a) Cellulitis with early dermal necrosis. (b) The same foot afte...

Figure 4.8 Acute folliculitis on the face.

Figure 4.9 Panton–Valentine leukocidin multiple necrotic recurrent abscesses...

Figure 4.10 Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in a child.

Figure 4.11 Indolent blistering associated with toxic shock syndrome.

Figure 4.12 Recurrent toxin‐mediated perineal erythema.

Figure 4.13 Blistering distal dactylitis.

Figure 4.14 (a) Erythrasma in the axilla.(b) Fluorescence with Wood’s li...

Figure 4.15 Pitted keratolysis.

Figure 4.16

Pseudomonas

infection of the foot.

Figure 4.17 Ecthyma gangrenosum.

Figure 4.18 Tropical ulcer.

Figure 4.19 Erythema chronicum migrans.

Figure 4.20 Primary syphilis showing chancres on the glans and shaft of the ...

Figure 4.21 Secondary syphilis. (a) Extensive truncal maculopapular rash. (b...

Figure 4.22 Syphilitic leukoderma showing depigmentation at sites of healed ...

Figure 4.23 Secondary syphilis showing papular syphilides on the trunk.

Figure 4.24 Secondary syphilis showing psoriasiform lesions of the palms.

Figure 4.25 Condylomata lata of secondary syphilis: perianal.

Figure 4.26 Oral lesions of secondary syphilis on the buccal mucosa.

Figure 4.27 Mucosal lesions of tertiary syphilis: early gumma of the hard pa...

Figure 4.28 Disseminated gonococcal infection showing a pustule surrounded w...

Figure 4.29 The main sites of gonococcal infection.

Figure 4.30 Circinate balanitis in Chlamydia infection.

Figure 4.31 Keratodermablenorrhagica sexually acquired reactive arthritis.

Figure 4.32 Primary stage of lymphogranuloma venereum, showing genital ulcer...

Figure 4.33 Chancroidal penile ulceration.

Figure 4.34 Penile chancroid with inguinal bubo.

Figure 4.35 Granuloma inguinale with beefy red granulomata in a female patie...

Figure 4.36 Granuloma inguinale with a hypertrophic lesion.

Chapter 5

Figure 5.1 Plaque of lupus vulgaris measuring 50 × 30 mm at the site of a pr...

Figure 5.2 Tumour‐like form of lupus vulgaris on the ear lobe and face.

Figure 5.3 Lupus vulgaris. (a) Lesions of the face resembling discoid lupus ...

Figure 5.4 Scrofuloderma involving the cervical glands.

Figure 5.5 Warty tuberculosis with strong tuberculin reactions.

Figure 5.6 Sporotrichoid spread of warty tuberculosis.

Figure 5.7 Tuberculous gumma (metastatic tuberculous abscess) in a patient w...

Figure 5.8 Lichen scrofulosorum on the forehead.

Figure 5.9 Papulonecrotic tuberculid of the legs.

Figure 5.10

M. marinum

infection showing sporotrichoid spread from the hand ...

Figure 5.11 Extensive

M. ulcerans

of the elbow in a child.

Figure 5.12

M. abscessus

infection causing abscesses.

Figure 5.13 Indeterminate leprosy: early skin lesions. Face of a Nepali chil...

Figure 5.14 Tuberculoid leprosy. Face of Pakistani woman showing erythematou...

Figure 5.15 Lepromatous leprosy (borderline lepromatous/lepromatous). Back o...

Figure 5.16 Lepromatous leprosy. Face of a man showing diffuse infiltration ...

Figure 5.17 Type 1 reaction: borderline leprosy in an Ethiopian man. Existin...

Figure 5.18 Type 2 reaction in lepromatous leprosy in a Nigerian man: erythe...

Chapter 6

Figure 6.1 Seborrhoeic dermatitis on the face.

Figure 6.2 Eosinophilic folliculitis: excoriated papules on the trunk.

Figure 6.3 Bacillary angiomatosis: purple nodules on the face.

Figure 6.4 Chronic perianal ulceration in herpes simplex infection before th...

Figure 6.5 Herpes simplex immune restoration disease: chronic erosions on th...

Figure 6.6 Cytomegalovirus vasculitis: leg ulcers.

Figure 6.7 Cytomegalovirus infection: nodular prurigo‐like eruption on the b...

Figure 6.8 Epidermodysplasia verruciformis in human papillomavirus infection...

Figure 6.9 Cryptococcosis. (a) Necrotising papules and nodules on the right ...

Figure 6.10 Penicilliosis

Figure 6.11 Norwegian scabies: interdigital scale.

Figure 6.12 Kaposi sarcoma. (a) Purple nodules on the palate. (b) Multiple p...

Figure 6.13 Hairy leukoplakia.

Chapter 7

Figure 7.1 Pityriasis versicolor showing typical fine scaling.

Figure 7.2 Tinea corporis: characteristic ringworm lesions.

Figure 7.3 Tinea capitis caused by

Microsporum canis

.

Figure 7.4 Kerion in a patient with

Trichophyton tonsurans

infection of the ...

Figure 7.5 Tinea faciei caused by

Trichophyton rubrum

.

Figure 7.6 Dry‐type

Trichophyton rubrum

infection.

Figure 7.7

Trichophyton interdigitale

infection: bullous lesion on the sole....

Figure 7.8 Tinea corporis in a patient on systemic corticosteroids.

Figure 7.9 Onychomycosis caused by

Trichophyton rubrum

.

Figure 7.10 Candida onychomycosis in a patient with chronic mucocutaneous ca...

Figure 7.11 Onychomycosis caused by

Scopulariopsis brevicaulis

.

Figure 7.12

Candida

infection of the groins.

Figure 7.13 Lymphangitic sporotrichosis

Figure 7.14 Mycetoma caused by

Madurella grisea

.

Figure 7.15 Early lesion of chromoblastomycosis.

Figure 7.16 Plaque‐type chromoblastomycosis.

Figure 7.17 Cutaneous blastomycosis.

Chapter 8

Figure 8.1 Life cycle of

O. volvulus

.

Figure 8.2 Acute papular onchodermatitis. Early in the disease the papules a...

Figure 8.3 Chronic papular onchodermatitis with early lichenification.

Figure 8.4 Late lichenified onchodermatitis (pachyderma).

Figure 8.5 Late onchocerciasis. Atrophy of skin and damage to supporting tis...

Figure 8.6 Depigmentation over the shin in late onchocerciasis (leopard skin...

Figure 8.7 Life cycle of

W. bancrofti

.

Figure 8.8 Cutaneous larva migrans (creeping eruption). There are several to...

Figure 8.9 Life cycle of the

Schistosoma

.

Figure 8.10 Schistosomiasis of the vulva and anus. Condylomatous lesions con...

Figure 8.11 Cutaneous leishmaniasis due to

Leishmania major

: early papules, ...

Figure 8.12 Cutaneous leishmaniasis due to

Leishmania major

from Saudi Arabi...

Figure 8.13 Cutaneous leishmaniasis due to

Leishmania major

from Sudan. An u...

Figure 8.14 Cutaneous leishmaniasis due to

Leishmania aethiopica

from Kenya....

Figure 8.15 Nasal involvement and marked inflammatory oedema in leishmaniasi...

Figure 8.16 Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis due to

Leishmania aethiopica

in ...

Figure 8.17 Life cycle of leishmaniasis parasite.

Figure 8.18 Post‐kala‐azar dermal leishmaniasis. Typical facial papules in a...

Figure 8.19 Post‐kala‐azar dermal leishmaniasis in an Indian person showing ...

Chapter 9

Figure 9.1 Typical papular urticaria. In this case, in response to flea bite...

Figure 9.2 Bullous lesions in response to arthropod bites.

Figure 9.3 Furuncle‐like lesion produced by

Dermatobia hominis

. The tail of ...

Figure 9.4 Tungiasis, showing a characteristic lesion on the sole of the foo...

Figure 9.5 Numerous head louse eggs and empty egg cases.

Figure 9.6 Crab louse eggs on the eyelashes.

Figure 9.7 (a) Typical scabies in the finger webs. (b) Pruritic papules and ...

Figure 9.8 The foot of an infant with scabies superinfection presenting as i...

Figure 9.9 Crusted (Norwegian) scabies of (a) the hand and (b) the foot. (c)...

Figure 9.10 Seabather's eruption.

Chapter 10

Figure 10.1 Although sunlight is generally beneficial, psoriasis may be prov...

Figure 10.2 Psoriasis is characterised by well‐demarcated red scaly plaques....

Figure 10.3 Plaques may be encircled by a clear peripheral zone, the halo or...

Figure 10.4 (a) Koebner phenomenon. Psoriasis appearing in the line of a scr...

Figure 10.5 The colour of the plaques, a full rich red.

Figure 10.6 In black skin the quality of the colour is lost.

Figure 10.7 Lentigines in a plaque of psoriasis.

Figure 10.8 Most plaques of psoriasis are surmounted by silvery white scalin...

Figure 10.9 Auspitz sign: removal of the thinned suprapapillary epidermis by...

Figure 10.10 The disease often first appears in the scalp, where it may pres...

Figure 10.11 Psoriasis around hair follicle openings (follicular psoriasis)....

Figure 10.12 Submammary flexural psoriasis.

Figure 10.13 Flexural psoriasis affecting the umbilicus.

Figure 10.14 (a) Penile psoriasis in a circumcised man.

Figure 10.15 Well‐demarcated thin plaques of psoriasis affecting the labia m...

Figure 10.16 (a) On the palms and soles, psoriasis may present as typical sc...

Figure 10.17 (a) A sharply defined edge at the wrist or forearm and absence ...

Figure 10.18 Psoriatic nail pitting.

Figure 10.19 Salmon patches (‘oil drops’), with distal onycholysis.

Figure 10.20 (a) Psoriatic subungual hyperkeratosis with distal onycholysis....

Figure 10.21 Extensive lesions of guttate psoriasis in a young man.

Figure 10.22 Extensive tender fiery red plaques of unstable psoriasis.

Figure 10.23 Acute erythrodermic psoriasis.

Figure 10.24 Elephantine psoriasis: large plaques with gross hyperkeratosis....

Figure 10.25 Segmental psoriasis.

Figure 10.26 Linear psoriasis on the left arm associated with small plaque p...

Figure 10.27 Pustulation in unstable psoriasis – ‘psoriasis with pustules’ –...

Figure 10.28 (a) Inflammatory unstable psoriasis. (b) Close‐up of pustules o...

Figure 10.29 Acute generalised pustular psoriasis: pre‐existing psoriasis pl...

Figure 10.30 Acute generalised pustular psoriasis of von Zumbusch.

Figure 10.31 (a) Subacute annular generalised pustular psoriasis. (b) Monomo...

Figure 10.32 (a) Palmoplantar pustulosis. Normally, pustules in all stages o...

Figure 10.33 (a) Acute palmoplantar pustulosis.(b) Acute palmoplantar pu...

Figure 10.34 (a) Acrodermatitis continua with destruction of the nail plate....

Figure 10.35 Dactylitis.

Figure 10.36 Distal interphalangeal involvement.

Figure 10.37 Arthritis mutilans.

Chapter 11

Figure 11.1 PRP: (a) classical adult‐onset, type I; (b) classical juvenile‐o...

Figure 11.2 Classical adult‐onset PRP: (a) confluent orange‐red erythema on ...

Figure 11.3 Juvenile‐onset circumscribed PRP may persist into adulthood, as ...

Figure 11.4 Resolution of type I PRP: (a), (d) erythrodermic PRP at presenta...

Chapter 12

Figure 12.1 Lichen planus. Close up to show Wickham’s striae.

Figure 12.2 Lichen planus showing annular lesion on the shaft of the penis....

Figure 12.3 Lichen planus. Classic eruption on the volar aspect of the wrist...

Figure 12.4 Lichen planus of the palms and feet showing hyperkeratosis and a...

Figure 12.5 Lichen planus on the buccal mucosa showing a lacework of white s...

Figure 12.6 Lichen planus of the tongue showing irregular, fixed, white plaq...

Figure 12.7 Erosive lichen planus of the buccal mucosa.

Figure 12.8 Vulvo‐vaginal–gingival syndrome showing (a) vulvitis and (b) gin...

Figure 12.9 Lichen planus of the thumbnail showing thinning of the nail plat...

Figure 12.10 (a) Severe lichen planus of the fingernails showing involvement...

Figure 12.11 Lichen planopilaris showing hyperpigmented, follicular, ‘plugge...

Figure 12.12 Lichen planus of the scalp leading to large areas of cicatricia...

Figure 12.13 Hypertrophic lichen planus of great chronicity occurring on the...

Figure 12.14 Lichen planus actinicus showing well‐defined, pigmented, nummul...

Figure 12.15 Annular lichen planus.

Figure 12.16 Guttate lichen planus.

Figure 12.17 Lichen planus pemphigoides showing large bulla arising on and a...

Figure 12.18 Lichen nitidus showing a close‐up of aggregated, pinhead‐sized ...

Figure 12.19 Lichen nitidus showing aggregates of pinhead‐sized papules on t...

Figure 12.20 Lichen striatus of the inner thigh in a girl aged 16 years.

Figure 12.21 Lichen striatus showing parallel linear bands in a zigzag distr...

Figure 12.22 Nékam disease. Reticulate keratotic erythematous papules on (a)...

Chapter 13

Figure 13.1 Clinical features of aGvHD. (a) Acute palmar erythema. (b) Plant...

Figure 13.2 Clinical features of aGvHD. (a) Morbilliform exanthem with photo...

Figure 13.3 (a) Treatment algorithm summarising initial treatment of aGvHD. ...

Figure 13.4 Clinical features of lichenoid cGvHD. Lichenoid skin change acce...

Figure 13.5 Clinical features of lichenoid cGvHD. (a) Oral cGvHD with lichen...

Figure 13.6 Clinical features of chronic sclerodermoid GvHD. cGvHD showing e...

Figure 13.7 Clinical features of chronic sclerodermoid GvHD.

Figure 13.8 An algorithm to show treatment options in cGvHD to show first‐, ...

Chapter 14

Figure 14.1 Nummular dermatitis of the lower leg.

Figure 14.2 Exudative discoid and lichenoid chronic dermatitis.

Figure 14.3 Asteatotic eczema.

Figure 14.4 Bullous eczema due to contact allergy to rubber gloves.

Figure 14.5 Hyperkeratotic palmar eczema.

Figure 14.6 Pompholyx eczema. (a) Small vesicles coalescing into blisters on...

Figure 14.7 Apron eczema, showing the characteristic distribution.

Figure 14.8 Fingertip eczema in a patient with wear and tear eczema.

Figure 14.9 Recurrent focal palmar peeling. (a) Well‐established lesions on ...

Figure 14.10 Venous (gravitational) eczema.

Figure 14.11 Venous eczema of the ankle with ulceration at the medial malleo...

Figure 14.12 Eyelid atopic eczema (note the infra‐orbital Dennie–Morgan fold...

Figure 14.13 Juvenile plantar dermatosis, showing the characteristic glazed ...

Figure 14.14 Infective dermatitis in a non‐atopic man. Histology of this loc...

Figure 14.15 Infected eczema. This man had a patch of nummular dermatitis th...

Figure 14.16 In pityriasis alba the failure of the affected patches to tan m...

Figure 14.17 Chronic superficial scaly dermatitis.

Figure 14.18 Halo dermatitis showing eczema around a nevus.

Figure 14.19 Lichenification of the arm in a patient with atopic eczema.

Figure 14.20 Lichen simplex. (a) On the lower leg.(b) On the ankles.

Figure 14.21 Follicular papules of lichenification adjacent to the elbow.

Figure 14.22 Erythrodermic psoriasis.

Figure 14.23 Erythroderma in Sézary syndrome.

Figure 14.24 Widespread drug rash. This will progress rapidly to erythroderm...

Figure 14.25 Papuloerythroderma of Ofuji. (a) The papules. (b) The ‘deck‐cha...

Chapter 15

Figure 15.1 Facial seborrhoeic dermatitis. (a) Characteristic redness and sc...

Figure 15.2 Severe facial seborrhoeic dermatitis with prominent involvement ...

Figure 15.3 Seborrhoeic dermatitis of the ears with secondary bacterial infe...

Figure 15.4 Seborrhoeic dermatitis of the presternal area.

Figure 15.5 Seborrhoeic dermatitis of the axilla. The large flexures may bec...

Chapter 16

Figure 16.1 Filaggrin (FLG). A representation of the clinical features ident...

Figure 16.2 Atopic eczema: infantile phase.

Figure 16.3 (a) Dermatitis causing hypopigmentation. (b) Extensor dermatitis...

Figure 16.4 (a) Lichenification, crusting and excoriation in the popliteal f...

Figure 16.5 Flexural AE of the wrist in a child.

Figure 16.6 Atopic ’dirty neck’; reticulate pigmentation on the neck of a pa...

Figure 16.7 Atopic eczema: erythema, papules, excoriations, crusting and sec...

Figure 16.8 Marked lichenification on the knees of an African child.

Figure 16.9 (a) Discoid eczema lesions in an atopic child. (b) Discoid lesio...

Figure 16.10 AE of the fingers of a child.

Figure 16.11 Nail involvement in AE in childhood.

Figure 16.12 Adult flexural dermatitis.

Figure 16.13 (a) Follicular lichenification on the surface. (b) Atopic hand ...

Figure 16.14 Kaposi varicelliform eruption: eczema herpeticum.

Figure 16.15 Periorbital dermatitis with Dennie–Morgan fold.

Figure 16.16 Atopic cataract.

Figure 16.17 (a) Lip‐lick cheilitis. (b) Lip‐lick dermatitis with mild impet...

Figure 16.18 AE treatment algorithm. TCI, topical calcineurin inhibitors; TC...

Chapter 17

Figure 17.1 (a)–(d) Different morphology of urticarial weals.

Figure 17.2 Angio‐oedema of the eyelid.

Figure 17.3 Dermographism, meaning ‘skin writing’.

Figure 17.4 Extensive delayed pressure urticaria over the back after sitting...

Figure 17.5 Wealing following application of a melting ice‐pack for 20 min....

Figure 17.6 Solar urticaria.

Figure 17.7 Management algorithm of chronic urticaria.

Figure 17.8 Angio‐oedema of the lips (a) during and (b) 3 days after an atta...

Figure 17.9 Reticulate prodromal erythema seen in some families with heredit...

Figure 17.10 Laboratory profiles of different types of angio‐oedema without ...

Figure 17.11 Urticarial vasculitis lesions resembling weals of chronic spont...

Chapter 18

Figure 18.1 Patient with urticaria pigmentosa, extensive erythema and telang...

Figure 18.2 Urticaria pigmentosa lesions on the trunk of a child.

Figure 18.3 Urticaria pigmentosa on the thighs of an adult.

Figure 18.4 Positive Darier’s sign in a nodule of urticaria pigmentosa in a ...

Figure 18.5 Telangiectasia macularis eruptive perstans.

Figure 18.6 Pink mastocytoma in an infant.

Figure 18.7 Diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis on the back.

Figure 18.8 Algorithm for reviewing adults and children with mastocytosis. A...

Chapter 19

Figure 19.1 Classic target lesion in EM.

Figure 19.2 (a) Widespread acutely inflamed target lesions, including bliste...

Figure 19.3 Mucosal lesions in EM.

Figure 19.4 Eye involvement in EM.

Figure 19.5 EM minor. Mucosal lesions.

Figure 19.6 Erythema annulare centrifugum. (a) Multiple polyclic annular les...

Figure 19.7 Scattered lesions of annular erythema of infancy on (a) the back...

Figure 19.8 Necrolytic migratory erythema in the groin area.

Chapter 20

Figure 20.1 (a) Single and (b) multiple oral aphthous ulcers in BD.

Figure 20.2 (a) Genital ulcer of BD healing with (b) a demarcated flat scar....

Figure 20.3 (a) Posterior uveitis. (b) Hypopyoniritis.

Chapter 21

Figure 21.1 Classical pyoderma gangrenosum.

Figure 21.2 Parastomal pyoderma gangrenosum.

Figure 21.3 Sweet syndrome. The face is often affected.

Figure 21.4 Sweet syndrome. Multiple large erythematous lesions on the leg....

Figure 21.5 Neutrophilic dermatosis of the dorsal hands.

Figure 21.6 Bullous variants of neutrophilic dermatosis of the dorsal hands....

Figure 21.7 Typical appearance of pustules in subcorneal pustular dermatosis...

Figure 21.8 Subcorneal pustular dermatosis. Pustules may rupture and be inco...

Chapter 22

Figure 22.1 Direct immunofluorescence of pemphigus vulgaris. Antibody is dep...

Figure 22.2 Pemphigus vulgaris. Mucosal erosions are an early sign in pemphi...

Figure 22.3 Pemphigus vulgaris. Cutaneous lesions typically affect the chest...

Figure 22.4 Pemphigus vulgaris. Because bullae occur within the epidermis, t...

Figure 22.5 Pemphigus vegetans. Vegetating lesions typically occur in the fl...

Figure 22.6 Pemphigus foliaceus. There are superficial erosions, frequently ...

Figure 22.7 Pemphigus foliaceus. Lesions frequently have a fine superficial ...

Figure 22.8 Pemphigus foliaceus. Occasionally, pemphigus foliaceus becomes w...

Figure 22.9 Classical bullous pemphigoid. Tense blisters and erosions on (a)...

Figure 22.10 Classical bullous pemphigoid. Tense blisters, erosions and part...

Figure 22.11 Clinical variants of bullous pemphigoid. (a), (b) Eczematous le...

Figure 22.12 Clinical variants of bullous pemphigoid. (a), (b) Urticarial an...

Figure 22.13 Localised bullous pemphigoid. (a) Tense blisters and erosions l...

Figure 22.14 Childhood bullous pemphigoid. (a) Disseminated tense blisters, ...

Figure 22.15 Diagnostic pathway for bullous pemphigoid. The diagnostic gold ...

Figure 22.16 Oral lesions in mucous membrane pemphigoid.

Figure 22.17 Genital involvement in mucous membrane pemphigoid: (a) male and...

Figure 22.18 Ocular disease in mucous membrane pemphigoid. (a) Conjunctival ...

Figure 22.19 Linear IgA disease. Erosions and tense blisters on the trunk in...

Figure 22.20 Linear IgA disease. (a) Tense blisters in an annular pattern on...

Figure 22.21 ‘Cluster of jewels’ or ‘ring of pearls’ sign. (a) The peculiar ...

Figure 22.22 Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, mechanobullous variant. (a) Er...

Figure 22.23 Childhood epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, mechanobullous varia...

Figure 22.24 Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, inflammatory variant. (a) Eros...

Figure 22.25 Lichen planus pemphigoides. Erosions, erythema, partly ruptured...

Figure 22.26 Brunsting–Perry pemphigoid. Erosions on the scalp (a), chest an...

Figure 22.27 Anti‐p200 pemphigoid. Erythematous partly excoriated papules an...

Figure 22.28 Dermatitis herpetiformis. Intact tense bullae and erosions on t...

Figure 22.29 Dermatitis herpetiformis. Direct immunofluorescence demonstrati...

Chapter 23

Figure 23.1 Localised DLE showing typical scaling on the fingers.

Figure 23.2 Localised DLE of the scalp showing follicular plugging.

Figure 23.3 Warty lesions of the feet in chronic lupus erythematosus.

Figure 23.4 Scarring in DLE. (a) Preauricular DLE with pigmentation around t...

Figure 23.5 Typical lesions in the ear in DLE.

Figure 23.6 Rosaceous pattern of DLE.

Figure 23.7 Tumid lesions of the face in DLE.

Figure 23.8 Pigmentary changes in DLE. (a) Patches on the scalp of a black p...

Figure 23.9 DLE of the ear with scarring and atrophy.

Figure 23.10 Disseminated DLE. (a) Plaques on the back of the hands. (b) Cha...

Figure 23.11 Telangiectatic LE of the cheek.

Figure 23.12 Gyrate erythema in LE.

Figure 23.13 ‘Chilblain’ lesions in a patient with Ro‐positive SLE.

Figure 23.14 Unusual spindling of the fingers and hyperextension of the dist...

Figure 23.15 LE profundus.

Figure 23.16 Subacute cutaneous LE. (a) Papulosquamous eruption on the back....

Figure 23.17 SLE. (a) Typical symmetrical, slightly scaling erythema of the ...

Figure 23.18 SLE showing acute cutaneous lupus of (a) the arms and (b) the f...

Figure 23.19 SLE showing discoid lesions on the hands characteristically spa...

Figure 23.20 (a) Extensive nail fold necrosis and (b) nail ridging in SLE.

Figure 23.21 Blue nail discolouration as a result of antimalarial therapy.

Figure 23.22 Unruly ‘lupus hair’ with diffuse alopecia.

Figure 23.23 Necrotic crusted leg ulcers in SLE.

Figure 23.24 Extensive livedo reticularis in the setting of SLE.

Figure 23.25 Degos‐like lesions in a patient with SLE.

Figure 23.26 Multiple papules on the back due to mucinosis in SLE.

Figure 23.27 Bullous LE of the face and neck.

Figure 23.28 SLE involving the palate.

Chapter 24

Figure 24.1 Facial erythema in DM is often widespread and can mimic many der...

Figure 24.2 Eyelid involvement in DM. There is lilac erythema of the upper e...

Figure 24.3 The upper chest is a common site of skin involvement in DM.

Figure 24.4 Erythema of the upper central back is known as the shawl sign.

Figure 24.5 The nail folds and cuticles are usually affected in DM. (a) Dila...

Figure 24.6 Gottron papules: violaceous, flat‐topped, shiny papules on the s...

Figure 24.7 There are streaks of erythema on the dorsal aspects of the finge...

Figure 24.8 The dermatosis of DM can affect the gluteal skin and proximal th...

Figure 24.9 Vasculopathic ulcers on the fingers.

Figure 24.10 Flagellate and confluent erythema on the torso in severe DM.

Figure 24.11 Noninflammatory hyperkeratosis occurring on (a) the fingers and...

Chapter 25

Figure 25.1 The cellular and molecular pathogenesis of SSc: the complex and ...

Figure 25.2 Cutaneous features of systemic sclerosis. (a) Raynaud phenomenon...

Figure 25.3 Management of systemic sclerosis. ARB, angiotensin receptor bloc...

Figure 25.4 (a) and (b) Early, inflammatory, superficial plaque of morphoea ...

Figure 25.5 Plaque morphoea with deep involvement.

Figure 25.6 Atrophoderma of Pasini and Pierini.

Figure 25.7 (a) Keloidal morphoea in a patient with limited cutaneous system...

Figure 25.8 Pansclerotic morphoea in one patient showing circumferential inv...

Figure 25.9 Linear morphoea en coup de sabre. (a) Hyperpigmention on the for...

Figure 25.10 Progressive hemifacial atrophy involving the left side of the m...

Figure 25.11 Therapeutic algorithm for morphoea based on existing evidence. ...

Chapter 26

Figure 26.1 Acquired localised cutaneous amyloidosis. (a) Lichenoid primary ...

Figure 26.2 Cutaneous amyloidosis due to systemic disease. (a) Primary syste...

Figure 26.3 Treatment options for primary localised cutaneous amyloidosis (P...

Chapter 27

Figure 27.1 Clinical variants of pretibial myxoedema. (a) Diffuse non‐pittin...

Figure 27.2 Clinical images of subtypes of rare dermal mucinoses. (a) Sclero...

Chapter 28

Figure 28.1 The pathway of haem biosynthesis showing the enzyme deficiency a...

Figure 28.2 PCT: erosions, blisters, pigmentary changes and scarring.

Figure 28.3 Hypertrichosis.

Figure 28.4 Pigmentation in light exposed skin.

Figure 28.5 Typical scars on the cheeks in EPP.

Chapter 29

Figure 29.1 Kwashiorkor manifesting as peripheral oedema and a ‘flaky paint’...

Figure 29.2 Erythrodermic findings in kwashiorkor. This patient was fed rice...

Figure 29.3 Marasmus. Note the loss of subcutaneous tissue, dyspigmentation ...

Figure 29.4 Phrynoderma: keratotic papules with intrafollicular plugging on ...

Figure 29.5 Carotenoderma. Note the yellow colour of the plantar foot.

Figure 29.6 Scurvy. Note the corkscrew‐like hairs and the perifollicular pur...

Figure 29.7 Pellagra.

Figure 29.8 Psoriasiform plaques on the extremities of this patient with acq...

Chapter 30

Figure 30.1 Ichthyosis vulgaris. (a) Fine scaling and (b) hyperlinear palms....

Figure 30.2 Recessive X‐linked ichthyosis. Scaling on (a) the arm, (b) the l...

Figure 30.3 Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis. (a) Lamellar ichthyos...

Figure 30.4 Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis. Shedding of collodion...

Figure 30.5 Diagnostic management and clinical monitoring in ichthyosis. ENT...

Figure 30.6 Epidermolytic ichthyosis. (a) Arms, (b) legs, (c) severe palm in...

Figure 30.7 Epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma. (a) Confluent keratoderm...

Figure 30.8 Pachyonychia congenita. (a) Focal keratoderma on mechanically st...

Figure 30.9 Darier disease. (a) Profuse keratotic papules in the seborrhoeic...

Figure 30.10 Darier disease. (a) Fragile nails with longitudinal splitting a...

Figure 30.11 Lesions of Hailey–Hailey disease. (a) Typical fissured plaque i...

Chapter 31

Figure 31.1 The hair cycle.

Figure 31.2 Biopsy process for suspected scarring alopecia.

Figure 31.3 Biopsy process for suspected non‐scarring alopecia.

Figure 31.4 Hamilton–Norwood scale for grading male pattern hair loss.

Figure 31.5 Ludwig scale for grading female pattern hair loss.

Figure 31.6 Chronic telogen effluvium resulting from acquired zinc deficienc...

Figure 31.7 Alopecia areata. (a) Patch of alopecia areata showing broken ‘ex...

Figure 31.8 An organised pattern of pitting present on all fingernails 8 mon...

Figure 31.9 Alopecia totalis.

Figure 31.10 Scarring alopecia caused by lichen planus showing follicular pl...

Figure 31.11 Frontal fibrosing alopecia showing scarring alopecia affecting ...

Figure 31.12 Pseudopelade of Brocq.

Figure 31.13 Folliculitis decalvans showing active pustulation and scarring....

Figure 31.14 Tufted folliculitis.

Figure 31.15 Traction alopecia from braiding.

Figure 31.16 Traction alopecia in a Sikh boy.

Fig 31.17 Pityriasis amiantacea secondary to psoriasis.

Figure 31.18 Dissecting cellulitis of the scalp.

Figure 31.19 Erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp.

Figure 31.20 Short and sparse hair associated with follicular papules in a p...

Figure 31.21 Monilethrix on the nape of the neck showing follicular keratose...

Figure 31.22 (a) Pale and sparse hair in a child with Menkes disease.(b)...

Figure 31.23 (a) Light‐coloured and coarse hair in a patient with trichothio...

Figure 31.24 Netherton syndrome. (a) An invaginate node showing partial twis...

Figure 31.25 Congenital hypertrichosis lanuginosa.

Figure 31.26 Lumbosacral hypertrichosis (‘faun tail’).

Chapter 32

Figure 32.1 Melasma in (a) a Caucasian female and (b) an adult male from the...

Figure 32.2 Poikiloderma of Civatte, showing submental and submandibular spa...

Figure 32.3 Addison disease: diffuse hypermelanosis of (a) the skin and (b) ...

Figure 32.4 Slate‐gray pigmentation from amiodarone.

Figure 32.5 Post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation on the back following propra...

Figure 32.6 Algorithm for the differential diagnosis of hypomelanosis.

Figure 32.7 Typical distribution of vitiligo on the hands under (a) natural ...

Figure 32.8 Multiple halo naevi in a young man who also had vitiligo.

Figure 32.9 Pityriasis alba.

Figure 32.10 Progressive macular hypomelanosis in an 18‐year‐old man.

Figure 32.11 Idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis on the shins of a 57‐year‐old ...

Figure 32.12 (a) Incontinentia pigmenti, vesiculobullous stage, frequently w...

Figure 32.13 Dystrophic teeth in the carrier mother of a child with incontin...

Figure 32.14 Typical body and limb pattern of hypopigmentation in piebaldism...

Figure 32.15 Oculocutaneous albinism type 1B (OCA1B) and siblings. The child...

Figure 32.16 Hypomelanosis of Ito.

Chapter 33

Figure 33.1 Epidermis and basement membrane illustrating the different level...

Figure 33.2 The collection of proteins involved in the pathogenesis of EB. C...

Figure 33.3 Localised EB simplex: (a) blisters on the foot and (b) blisters ...

Figure 33.4 Grouped blisters on an erythematous base in generalised severe E...

Figure 33.5 Acral blistering in a patient with autosomal recessive EB simple...

Figure 33.6 Localised blistering on the foot in a patient with autosomal rec...

Figure 33.7 Extensive erosions over the buttocks in an infant with severe ge...

Figure 33.8 Erosions, scarring and atrophy on the buttocks of a patient with...

Figure 33.9 Nail changes and scarring of skin on the toes in dominant dystro...

Figure 33.10 Extensive lesions on the back in severe generalised recessive d...

Figure 33.11 Mitten hand deformity in severe generalised recessive dystrophi...

Figure 33.12 Scarring and erosions affecting the axilla and neck in the inve...

Figure 33.13 Poikiloderma in a 12‐year‐old Indian patient with Kindler syndr...

Chapter 34

Figure 34.1 Clinical images of EDS. (a) Cutaneous hyperextensibililty in cla...

Figure 34.2 Clinical images of inherited generalised cutis laxa. (a) Autosom...

Figure 34.3 Clinical signs of pseudoxanthoma elasticum. (a) Typical ‘chicken...

Figure 34.4 Lipoid proteinosis. Typical ‘beaded’ papules present along the m...

Chapter 35

Figure 35.1 A 10‐year‐old boy with extensive CM involving the territory of t...

Figure 35.2 Sturge–Weber syndrome showing an 8‐month‐old boy with CM involvi...

Figure 35.3 Klippel–Trenaunay–Weber syndrome with a capillarolymphatico VM o...

Figure 35.4 AVM spectrum. (a) A 4‐year‐old girl with stage 2 AVM of the left...

Figure 35.5 VM affecting the right leg.

Figure 35.6 LM spectrum. (a) A 10‐month‐old girl with extensive macrocystic/...

Chapter 36

Figure 36.1 Extensive inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal naevus on the ...

Figure 36.2 (a) Single sebaceous naevus on the cheek, with a yellowish hue a...

Figure 36.3 Congenital melanocytic naevi. (a) Single CMN on the face showing...

Figure 36.4 Benign proliferative nodule in a large congenital melanocytic na...

Figure 36.5 Multiple neuroid‐type proliferations in a congenital melanocytic...

Figure 36.6 Clinical management algorithm for neurological investigation and...

Figure 36.7 Single naevus spilus on the face showing a café‐au‐lait macule b...

Figure 36.8 Collagenoma‐type connective tissue naevus on the lower abdomen....

Figure 36.9 Becker naevus over left side of chest.

Chapter 37

Figure 37.1 In global genome nucleotide excision repair (GG‐NER), XPE (with ...

Figure 37.2 Xeroderma pigmentosum. (a) Severe and exaggerated sunburn on min...

Figure 37.3 Cockayne syndrome demonstrating the characteristic bird‐like fac...

Chapter 38

Figure 38.1 Neurofibromatosis type 1. (a) Extensive neurofibroma of the foot...

Figure 38.2 Management of NF1. Manchester checklist for screening for neurof...

Figure 38.3 Tuberous sclerosis: angiofibromas.

Chapter 39

Figure 39.1 Angiokeratoma corporis diffusum around the umbilicus in a man wi...

Figure 39.2 Hartnup disease: erythema and scaling on sun‐exposed skin. (From...

Chapter 40

Figure 40.1 A 64‐year‐old patient with nodular prurigo of multiple aetiologi...

Figure 40.2 Patient with chronic pruritus on inflamed skin (psoriasis).

Chapter 41

Figure 41.1 Trigeminal trophic syndrome with extensive erosions on the nose,...

Figure 41.2 Patient with atypical trigeminal trophic syndrome in which lesio...

Chapter 42

Figure 42.1 Excoriations in delusions of parasitosis in an amphetamine addic...

Figure 42.2 Management algorithm for delusional infestation.

Figure 42.3 Skin‐picking disorder.

Figure 42.4 Adult trichotillomania. Extensive hair loss with a preserved tuf...

Figure 42.5 Dermatitis artefacta. Symmetrical and predominantly monomorphic ...

Figure 42.6 Dermatitis artefacta. (a) Crude, linear, angulated and destructi...

Figure 42.7 Dermatitis artefacta showing the ‘drip sign’ caused by the downw...

Chapter 43

Figure 43.1 Typical acanthosis nigricans in an obese 41‐year‐old man of Sout...

Figure 43.2 Keratosis pilaris on the extensor aspect of the upper arm.

Figure 43.3 Erythromelanosis follicularis faciei et colli in a young Asian m...

Figure 43.4 Clinical images of porokeratoses. (a) Porokeratosis of Mibelli. ...

Figure 43.5 Transient acantholytic dermatosis: typical appearance on the abd...

Figure 43.6 Keratolysis exfoliativa: close‐up view of right index finger.

Figure 43.7 Xerosis cutis eczéma craquelé.

Chapter 44

Figure 44.1 Seborrhoea, acne, hirsutism and/or androgenic alopecia (SAHA) sy...

Figure 44.2 Moderate to severe inflammatory acne on the face.

Figure 44.3 Acne on the back showing sparing of the central back.

Figure 44.4 Predominantly comedonal acne.

Figure 44.5 Moderate to severe inflammatory acne including a mixture of non‐...

Figure 44.6 Post‐inflammatory macules and pigment changes interspersed with ...

Figure 44.7 Acne scarring. (a) Atrophic scarring on the cheeks.(b) Hyper...

Figure 44.8 Sandpaper comedones on the forehead.

Figure 44.9 Multiple macrocomedones interspersed with some inflammatory lesi...

Figure 44.10 Submarine comedones. This patient required stretching of the sk...

Figure 44.11 Severe acne of the back with many inflammatory papules and pust...

Figure 44.12 Nodular acne of the right cheek with scars.

Figure 44.13 Nodular/conglobate acne with sinus tracts.

Figure 44.14 Inflammatory macules contribute to the erythema seen in acne.

Figure 44.15 Atrophic scarring with associated inflammatory change.

Figure 44.16 (a) Hypertrophic scarring of the shoulders in the context of mo...

Figure 44.17 Pyogenic granulomas in severe acne.

Figure 44.18 Treatment algorithm for comedonal acne. BPO, benzoyl peroxide....

Figure 44.19 Treatment algorithm for mild to moderate inflammatory acne. B....

Figure 44.20 Treatment algorithm for severe acne. BPO, benzoyl peroxide.

Figure 44.21 Acné excoriée on the forehead of a female.

Figure 44.22 Granulomatous acne of the face.

Figure 44.23 Severe acne vulgaris in a male body builder.

Figure 44.24 Chloracne: multiple comedonal lesions on the face.

Figure 44.25 Acne fulminans in a young male.

Figure 44.26 Erosive crusting lesions on the back of a young male with acne ...

Figure 44.27 Acne conglobata of the back with multiple inflammatory lesions,...

Figure 44.28 Patient with acne conglobata present with abscesses and cysts, ...

Figure 44.29 Neonatal cephalic pustulosis.

Figure 44.30 Neonatal acne presenting in the first few weeks of life.

Figure 44.31 Infantile acne may involve cystic lesions and scarring.

Figure 44.32 Mid‐facial comedones are associated with poor prognosis.

Chapter 45

Figure 45.1

Demodex folliculorum

mite showing its elongated worm‐like poster...

Figure 45.2 Erythematotelangiectatic rosacea. (a) Facial erythema in moderat...

Figure 45.3 Papulopustular rosacea. (a) Papules and pustules on the forehead...

Figure 45.4 Grouped papules behind the ear of a patient with moderate papulo...

Figure 45.5 (a) Moderate to severe rhinophyma showing nasal distortion with ...

Figure 45.6 Ocular rosacea. Moderate (grade 2) OR with bilateral involvement...

Figure 45.7 Granulomatous rosacea in a 55‐year‐old woman with a sudden onset...

Figure 45.8 Corticosteroid‐induced rosacea‐like facial dermatosis.

Figure 45.9 Solid facial lymphoedema is characterised by the presence of per...

Figure 45.10 Rhinophyma before (a) and after (b) 4 months of treatment with ...

Figure 45.11 Idiopathic facial aseptic granuloma showing a well‐defined plum...

Figure 45.12 Pyoderma faciale showing an abrupt onset of severe inflammation...

Figure 45.13 Perioral dermatitis.

Figure 45.14 Periocular dermatitis, cluster of inflammatory papules occurrin...

Figure 45.15 Childhood granulomatous periorificial dermatitis.

Figure 45.16 These images demonstrate the typical distribution of the blush,...

Figure 45.17 Flushing and blushing: investigations algorithm.

Figure 45.18 Flushing and blushing: management algorithm.

Chapter 46

Figure 46.1 Lesion types found in HS. (a) Inflamed nodules and draining skin...

Figure 46.2 Hurley staging system. In stage 1 (mild) there is recurrent absc...

Chapter 47

Figure 47.1 Focal hyperhidrosis. (a) Palmar hyperhidrosis. (b) Axillary hype...

Figure 47.2 Miliaria rubra affecting the cheeks of an infant.

Chapter 48

Figure 48.1 Longitudinal section of a digit showing the dorsal nail apparatu...

Figure 48.2 Anonychia.

Figure 48.3 Koilonychia.

Figure 48.4 Longitudinal ridging of the nail.

Figure 48.5 Median canaliform dystrophy of Heller.

Figure 48.6 Transverse ridges resulting from habit tic.

Figure 48.7 Onycholysis.

Figure 48.8 Onychoschizia (transverse splitting).

Figure 48.9 Pincer nail.

Figure 48.10 Nail pterygium due to lichen planus.

Figure 48.11 Trachyonychia.

Figure 48.12 Beau’s lines present as transverse grooves in the nail matching...

Figure 48.13 Yellow nail syndrome.

Figure 48.14 Painful glomus tumour of the nail bed. Note the bluish hue.

Figure 48.15 Punctate leukonychia.

Figure 48.16 Green pigmentation of onycholytic fingernail due to

Pseudomonas

Figure 48.17 Subungual exostosis: exophytic growth of bone emerging from und...

Figure 48.18 Digital myxoid pseudocyst type A.

Figure 48.19 Digital myxoid pseudocyst type B. Note the longitudinal groove ...

Figure 48.20 Digital myxoid pseudocyst type C. Note the red macule within th...

Figure 48.21 Submatricial fibrokeratoma pressing onto the underlying matrix ...

Figure 48.22 Bowen disease: warty lesion of the distal bed and hyponychium. ...

Figure 48.23 Onycholysis and oozing of the great toenail bed due to invasive...

Figure 48.24 Acute bacterial paronychia (whitlow).

Figure 48.25 Herpetic whitlow.

Figure 48.26 Chronic paronychia: (a) and (b) paronychial swelling, loss of c...

Figure 48.27 Psoriasis: pitting.

Figure 48.28 Psoriasis: distal onycholysis.

Figure 48.29 Psoriasis: subungual hyperkeratosis.

Figure 48.30 Acropustulosis: nail plate has been destroyed by intense pustul...

Figure 48.31 Darier disease: white and red longitudinal lines and distal not...

Figure 48.32 Nail involvement in atopic eczema in childhood.

Figure 48.33 Severe onychatrophy with longitudinal melanoychia, from juvenil...

Figure 48.34 Anonychia following lichen planus.

Figure 48.35 Nail dystrophy with triangular lunula of the nail–patella syndr...

Chapter 49

Figure 49.1 Actinic elastosis on the neck of an elderly female patient.

Figure 49.2 Favre‐Racouchot syndrome: Nodular actinic elastosis with comedon...

Figure 49.3 Adult colloid milia with multiple tiny yellowish translucent pap...

Figure 49.4 Striae of the legs due to long‐term application of a potent topi...

Figure 49.5 Striae due to obesity in a young man.

Figure 49.6 Spontaneous atrophic scarring of the cheeks.

Figure 49.7 Atrophoderma of Pasini and Pierini.

Figure 49.8 Paroxysmal haematoma of the finger.

Figure 49.9 Acquired cutis laxa following a generalised inflammatory dermati...

Figure 49.10 Primary anetoderma associated with antiphospholipid antibodies....

Figure 49.11 Typical actinic granulomas on the face and neck of an elderly m...

Figure 49.12 Knuckle pads.

Figure 49.13 Contrast between two scars from the presternal area: (a) sponta...

Figure 49.14 a and b ‘earlobe keloid scars’.

Figure 49.15 Keloid nodules secondary to acne.

Figure 49.16 Acquired perforating dermatosis: a 48‐year‐old woman with a 25‐...

Figure 49.17 Elastosis perforans serpiginosa in a patient with vascular Ehle...

Chapter 50

Figure 50.1 Clinical images of subtypes of cutaneous sarcoidosis. (a) Maculo...

Figure 50.2 Chest radiograph showing stage II pulmonary sarcoidosis (bilater...

Figure 50.3 Granuloma annulare. (a) Localised GA over the knuckles. (b) Gene...

Figure 50.4 Necrobiosis lipoidica. (a) Lesion on shin. (b) Ulcerated lesion....

Figure 50.5 Severe perianal Crohn disease.

Figure 50.6 Lip swelling due to oro‐facial granulomatosis.

Chapter 51

Figure 51.1 Superficial thrombophlebitis. Varicosities and erythematous nodu...