Satellite Communications Payload and System E-Book

Teresa M. Braun

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Serie: Wiley - IEEE
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 1227

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2021

Beschreibung

SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS PAYLOAD AND SYSTEM A valuable reference on communications satellite systems This book presents the state of the art in commercial communications satellite systems, thoroughly and in detail not to be found in any other book. These systems provide the television and some of the telephone and Internet services in use every day. The book focuses on the satellite payload, which consists of antennas, receivers, and transmitters. The book discusses the what, the how, and the why of various choices that have been made in currently operating systems. The book is organized into three parts: * In-depth description of various payload units, not requiring specialist knowledge. For each unit and the payload as a whole, the architectures, the theory of operation, analysis, performance, and specifications are presented. * End-to-end system context in which the payload operates. Digital communications theory and satellite communications protocols are introduced. The time-varying properties of satellite-to-ground links are explored. Tips on system simulation are given. * Current commercial end-to-end satellite communications systems, in their grand variety. Emphasis is placed on the satellite payload and its interactions with the satellite bus, ground stations, and user terminals. The second edition adds the third part of the book. Payload unit descriptions have been updated and enlarged. The communications theory chapter has been upgraded and the protocols chapter added to briefly describe all the elements mentioned in part 3. Non-geostationary satellite considerations have been included throughout the book. If you are a payload systems engineer, this book can serve as a valuable tool for expanding your knowledge base. If you're a graduate student, it will guide your introductory learning. As an industry professional, you can make this book a go-to reference.

Leseprobe

SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS PAYLOAD AND SYSTEM

Second Edition

TERESA M. BRAUN

WALTER R. BRAUN

This second edition first published 2021© 2021 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Edition HistoryJohn Wiley & Sons, Inc. (1e, 2012)

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.

The right of Teresa M. Braun and Walter R. Braun to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with law.

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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data

Names: Braun, T. M., 1949–, author. | Braun, Walter R., author.Title: Satellite communications payload and system / Teresa M. Braun, Walter R. Braun.Description: Second edition. | Hoboken, NJ : Wiley‐IEEE Press, 2022. | Includes bibliographical references and index.Identifiers: LCCN 2021004388 (print) | LCCN 2021004389 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119384311 (cloth) | ISBN 9781119384304 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781119384328 (epub)Subjects: LCSH: Artificial satellites in telecommunication. | Artificial satellites–Electronic equipment. | Artificial satellites–Radio antennas. | High altitude platform systems (Telecommunication) | Digital communications.Classification: LCC TK5104 .B765 2022 (print) | LCC TK5104 (ebook) | DDC 621.3841/56–dc23LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021004388LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021004389

Cover Design: WileyCover Image: © KA‐SAT drawing courtesy of Eutelsat, color by T. M. Braun

Dedication

To the memory of my father, Joseph C. Thesken, who always lovedand encouraged me.

PREFACE

This book's focus is the payload of communications satellites. Several books have been written about the satellite bus, general satellite communications, or applications of satellite communications, but the payload is covered only briefly in these books. In‐depth books on how to design the various payload units, for example, an antenna or a filter, exist, but they are far more detailed than is necessary for someone who wants to understand the payload as a whole. This book presents concepts, theory, and principles of how the payload works, as well as current technology. It also presents the end‐to‐end satellite communications systems in more technical depth than in other books and with emphasis on the payload.

The satellite industry continues to be a global growth industry. Since at least 2007, the revenue has grown every year to 2020, doubling just from 2007 to 2014 (Bryce, 2017; SIA, 2018, 2019, 2020).

In this second edition, almost every chapter has been expanded and updated. The previous antenna chapter has been split into one chapter about antenna basics and single‐beam antennas and another about multi‐beam antennas and phased arrays. The previous chapter on filters and payload‐integration elements has been split in two. A new chapter on satellite communications standards is added. An entire new part of the book has been added, about particular end‐to‐end satellite systems in all three satellite services. Its focus is on the payload and the interaction of the ground equipment with the payload. It includes a chapter on high‐throughput satellite (HTS) systems. Nongeostationary spacecraft have been considered throughout the book.

As satellite system operators desire greater capability in their payloads, the payload systems engineer is called upon to deal with things he never had to before or deal with the old things in a more exact way, to squeeze out higher performance. The engineer about to model the end‐to‐end communications system needs to fully understand the payload subtleties, new or old. A satellite customer new to the business may be mystified by discussions with the payload manufacturer and need more knowledge to be able to get what he wants. The writer of the payload part of the proposal needs to realize that the formulations or values of some requirements may have to be rethought. Today it takes on the order of ten years to “know” the payload. This book can accelerate the learning curve.

The intended audience of this book is the following people who work with communications satellites:

Payload systems engineers, at all stages in their careers

Engineers performing analysis and simulation of payload performance or end‐to‐end communications‐system performance

Satellite customers

Satellite proposal‐writers

Payload unit engineers who are curious about the rest of the payload

Satellite bus engineers who are curious about the payload.

Prerequisite for full understanding of many chapters is knowledge of the Fourier transform and the duality of the time and frequency domains. However, without that most of the book can still be understood. Knowledge of electricity and magnetism and of circuit theory is not required.

REFERENCES

Bryce Space and Technology (2017).

2017

State of the satellite industry report.

Satellite Industry Association

; Jun. On

www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/sia_ssir_2017.pdf

. Accessed Jul. 21, 2020.

Satellite Industry Association (SIA) (2018). Summaries of annual State of the satellite industry reports. On

sia.org/category/press‐releases/

. Accessed July 21, 2020.

Satellite Industry Association (SIA) (2019). Summaries of annual State of the satellite industry reports. On

sia.org/category/press‐releases/

. Accessed July 21, 2020.

Satellite Industry Association (SIA) (2020). Summaries of annual State of the satellite industry reports. On

sia.org/category/press‐releases/

. Accessed July 21, 2020.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I, Teresa, want to express my deepest thanks to my husband, Walter Braun, who taught me communications theory on the job at LinCom Corp. in Los Angeles in the 1970s and 1980s and who has lovingly supported me and encouraged me in the writing of this book. I would also like to especially thank my Ph.D. advisor, Dr. Ezio Biglieri, for being so helpful and kind in the late 1980s when I was his graduate student and for his wonderful suggestion in about 2008 to write a book when I could not get a job. I will always be grateful to all the wonderful engineers I have worked with over the years, especially Richard Hoffmeister and Dr. Charles Hendrix, who were instrumental in my career development. Almost all of the engineers I have worked with have been passionate about their work and willing to help others learn, and they have made mine a fascinating career. Of all the companies I have worked at, two stand out for having provided me limitless opportunities to do good work: Space Systems/Loral (now part of Maxar Technologies) and William Lindsey's LinCom Corp. of 40 years ago. My career has spanned the time since the American equal‐opportunity laws were being implemented at federal contractors, and I have gone from being an oddity in the engineering workplace to feeling at home among many women colleagues, in California, anyway.

I, Walter, want to thank my wife for talking me into contributing two new chapters, on HTS and non‐GEO systems, an effort made difficult by the scarce information. Our collaboration provided many interesting conversations over years.

We wish to thank the colleagues who reviewed the book and provided corrections, suggestions, and explanations: Richard Hoffmeister, Charles Hendrix, and Riccardo De Gaudenzi for reviewing the entire first edition. Our chapter reviewers were Eddy Yee for Chapter 2, Gary Schennum for Chapter 3, Stephen Holme for Chapter 5, James Sowers and Ben Hitch for Chapter 6, Messiah Khilla and Reinwald Gerhard for Chapter 7, Chak Chie for Chapters 9 and 10, Arun Bhattacharyya for Chapter 11, Ezio Biglieri for Chapter 12, Luis Emiliani for Chapters 14 and 17, Bingen Cortazar for Chapter 18, and Marcus Vilaça for part of Chapter 20. Special thanks go to Luis Emiliani for enthusiastically sharing his wide knowledge with us and to Eric Amyotte for generously answering questions.

ABOUT THE AUTHORS

Dr. Teresa M. Braun received the B.A. in mathematics from the University of California, San Diego, in 1970; and from the University of California, Los Angeles, the M.A. in mathematics in 1973, the M.S. in systems science in 1977, and the Ph.D. in electrical engineering in 1989 with dissertation on modulation and coding. She also took short courses on computer networks. She was employed for 23 years in satellite communications and 3 years in satellite navigation. In California, from 1973 to 1976, she worked on GPS development at The Aerospace Corp.; from 1977 to 1986 on analysis and simulation of end‐to‐end satellite communications at LinCom Corp. (now LinQuest Corp.); from 1989 to 1997 in development of new payload technology in communications and navigation at Hughes Space & Communications (now Boeing Satellite Development Center); from 1997 to 1999 in development of payload and ground‐receiver technology and on a satellite constellation at Lockheed Martin's Western Development Laboratory (now part of LM's Management & Data Systems); and from 1999 to 2003 as a payload manager and department manager of payload systems analysis at Space Systems/Loral (now part of Maxar Technologies). After moving to Switzerland in 2003, she worked for a few years in project management, supplier management, modem algorithm development, and satellite system analysis. She was née Thesken and also formerly named McKenzie. She worked on NASA, defense, commercial, and ESA programs.

Dr. Walter R. Braun received the M.S. degree in electrical engineering from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, Switzerland, in 1972 and a Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Southern California in 1976, specializing in communications. He worked from 1976 to 1982 at LinCom Corp. on