Schalm's Veterinary Hematology E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 3860

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2011

Beschreibung

The long-awaited Sixth Edition of Schalm's Veterinary Hematology has been revised and reorganized to increase accessibility and cohesiveness of the text. Topics are grouped within established disciplines in hematology, and outlines are now included at the beginning of each chapter. The book features new sections on Hematotoxicity and Quality Control and Laboratory Techniques, and includes expanded sections on Laboratory Animal Hematology, Species Specific Hematology, and Hematologic Neoplasia. With in-depth coverage on all aspects of the field, this comprehensive reference is an essential purchase for veterinary clinical hematologists, internists, and students.

Leseprobe

CONTENTS

Contributors

Preface to the Sixth Edition

SECTION IHematopoiesis

CHAPTER 1Embryonic and Fetal Hematopoiesis

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF HEMATOPOIETIC DEVELOPMENT

PRIMITIVE HEMATOPOIESIS

DEFINITIVE HEMATOPOIESIS

HEMOGLOBIN SWITCHING

MOLECULAR MECHANISMS REGULATING HEMATOPOIETIC DEVELOPMENT

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 2Structure of Bone Marrow

SUPPORTING STRUCTURES

VASCULATURE AND SINUS ARCHITECTURE

INNERVATION

CELLULAR ORGANIZATION

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 3Stem Cell Biology

DEFINING STEM CELLS

BONE MARROW-DERIVED STEM CELLS

STEM CELL BIOLOGY

STEM CELL-ASSOCIATED DISEASES

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 4Cluster of Differentiation (CD) Antigens

DEFINITION AND HISTORY

STRUCTURE AND INTEGRATION OF MEMBRANE ANTIGENS

TRANSMEMBRANE PROTEINS

TISSUE DISTRIBUTION

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 5The Hematopoietic System

HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS

HEMATOPOIETIC PROGENITORS AND PRECURSORS

SPECIES SPECIFICITY OF HEMATOPOIESIS

THE BONE MARROW MICROENVIRONMENT

CYTOKINES AND CYTOKINE SIGNALING IN HEMATOPOIESIS

EVALUATION OF HEMATOPOIETIC FUNCTION

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 6Erythropoiesis

DEFINITIONS

STEM CELL TO ERYTHROCYTE

MOLECULAR CONTROL OF ERYTHROPOIESIS

MICROENVIRONMENT

ERYTHROKINETICS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 7Granulopoiesis

ROLE OF THE MICROENVIRONMENT

TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR REGULATION OF GRANULOPOIESIS

CYTOKINE REGULATION OF GRANULOPOIESIS

DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES OF GRANULOPOIESIS

GRANULOCYTES

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 8Monocytes and Dendritic Cell Production and Distribution

MONOCYTE AND DENDRITIC CELL PRODUCTION

TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND CYTOKINE REGULATION

CIRCULATION, TISSUE DISTRIBUTION, AND FUNCTION

DIFFERENTIATING MONOCYTES, MACROPHAGES, AND DENDRITIC CELLS

SUMMARY

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 9Thrombopoiesis

THROMBOPOIESIS OVERVIEW

TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS

MEGAKARYOCYTE MATURATION AND PLATELET FORMATION

THROMBOPOIETIN AND OTHER KEY HORMONES

MEGAKARYOCYTE PLOIDY AND PLATELET MASS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 10Lymphopoiesis

IMMUNOLOGIC DIVERSITY

B CELL DEVELOPMENT

T CELL DEVELOPMENT

NATURAL KILLER CELLS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 11Vasculogenesis/Endothelial Progenitor Cells

ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS

MOBILIZATION, RECRUITMENT, AND HOMING

CLINICAL RELEVANCE AND THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION

REFERENCES

SECTION IIHematotoxicity

CHAPTER 12Design and Methods Used for Preclinical Hematotoxicity Studies

REGULATORY GUIDELINES

PREANALYTICAL VARIABLES

HEMATOLOGICAL ANALYSIS AND PARAMETERS

BONE MARROW HISTOPATHOLOGY

BONE MARROW CYTOLOGY

FLOW CYTOMETRY

OTHER TECHNIQUES

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 13Interpretation of Hematology Data in Preclinical Toxicological Studies

METHODS OF ANALYSIS–GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE REGULATIONS

REFERENCE VALUES

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

EVALUATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF CHANGES

HEMATOLOGY CHANGES

ADVERSE AND NON-ADVERSE EFFECTS

TOXICOKINETICS

CORRELATION OF HEMATOLOGY CHANGES WITH OTHER STUDY DATA

REPORT WRITING

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 14Preclinical Evaluation of Compound-Related Cytopenias

COMPOUND-RELATED CYTOPENIAS IN PRECLINICAL STUDIES

MECHANISTIC CLASSIFICATION OF DRUG INDUCED CYTOPENIAS

DISPARATY BETWEEN PRECLINICAL AND CLINICAL SAFETY DATA

INVESTIGATIVE WORK

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 15Preclinical Evaluation of Compound-Related Alterations in Hemostasis

ROUTINE LABORATORY TESTING IN PRECLINICAL STUDIES

INVESTIGATION OF COMPOUND-RELATED INCREASES IN PT OR APTT

INVESTIGATION OF COMPOUND-RELATED CLINICAL SIGNS OF ALTERED HEMOSTASIS

BIOMARKER DEVELOPMENT FOR NEW ANTICOAGULANT THERAPIES

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 16Drug-Induced Blood Cell Disorders

MECHANISMS OF DRUG TOXICITY

EVALUATION OF SUSPECTED ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS

ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS IN DOGS

ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS IN CATS

ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS IN HORSES

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 17Myelonecrosis and Acute Inflammation

MICROVASCULAR INJURY

HEMATOPOIETIC CELL INJURY

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 18Chronic Inflammation and Secondary Myelofibrosis

CHRONIC INFLAMMATION

SECONDARY MYELOFIBROSIS

OSTEOSCLEROSIS

SEROUS ATROPHY OF FAT/GELATINOUS TRANSFORMATION

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 19Infectious Injury to Bone Marrow

RICKETTSIAL INFECTION

PROTOZOAL INFECTION–LEISHMANIA

VIRAL INFECTION

FUNGAL INFECTION

REFERENCES

SECTION IIIErythrocytes

CHAPTER 20Erythrocyte Structure and Function

ERYTHROCYTE STRUCTURE

HEMOGLOBIN STRUCTURE, SYNTHESIS, AND METABOLISM

IRON METABOLISM

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 21Erythrocyte Biochemistry

MEMBRANE TRANSPORT

CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM

EMBDEN-MEYERHOF PATHWAY AND ATP PRODUCTION

DIPHOSPHOGLYCERATE PATHWAY AND OXYGEN AFFINITY OF HEMOGLOBIN

OXIDANTS AND OXIDATIVE INJURY

PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY AND PROTECTION AGAINST OXIDANT

METHEMOGLOBIN FORMATION AND REDUCTION

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 22Erythrokinetics and Erythrocyte Destruction

RETICULOCYTE RESPONSE

RBC LIFESPAN

MECHANISMS OF RBC CLEARANCE

RBC DESTRUCTION

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 23Erythrocyte Morphology

NORMAL ERYTHROCYTE MORPHOLOGY AND DISTRUBUTION

VARIATION IN ERYTHROCYTE MORPHOLOGY

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 24Laboratory and Clinical Diagnosis of Anemia

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF ANEMIA

PRESENCE AND SEVERITY OF ANEMIA

CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS

DIAGNOSTIC APPROACHES

BLOOD LOSS ANEMIA

NON-REGENERATIVE ANEMIA

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 25Erythrocytosis and Polycythemia

RELATIVE ERYTHROCYTOSIS

ABSOLUTE ERYTHROCYTOSIS

CLINICAL SIGNS OF ERYTHROCYTOSIS

DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH

TREATMENT

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 26Iron and Copper Deficiencies and Disorders of Iron Metabolism

TESTS FOR EVALUATION OF IRON DISORDERS

IRON DEFICIENCY

FUNCTIONAL IRON DEFICIENCY

OTHER MICROCYTIC OR HYPOCHROMIC ANEMIAS

COPPER DEFICIENCY

IRON OVERLOAD

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 27The Porphyrias and Porphyrinurias

PORPHYRIN SYNTHESIS: THE PORPHYRIAS AND THE PORPHYRINURIAS

DIAGNOSIS OF THE PORPHYRIAS AND THE PORPHYRINURIAS

CLASSIFICATION

ERYTHROPOIETIC PORPHYRIAS

HEPATIC PORPHYRIAS

ACQUIRED TOXIC PORPHYRIAS: THE PORPHYRINURIAS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 28Hereditary Erythrocyte Enzyme Abnormalities

PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE DEFICIENCY

PYRUVATE KINASE DEFICIENCY

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 29Erythrocyte Membrane Defects

HEMOLYTIC ANEMIAS CAUSED BY HEREDITARY RED CELL MEMBRANE DEFECTS

HEREDITARY SPHEROCYTOSIS

HEREDITARY ELLIPTOCYTOSIS

HEREDITARY STOMATOCYTOSIS

DIAGNOSTIC APPROACHES TO ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANE DEFECTS

MEMBRANE TRANSPORT DEFECTS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 30Congenital Dyserythropoiesis

POODLE MACROCYTOSIS

INHERITED SELECTIVE MALABSORPTION OF COBALAMIN

CONGENITAL DYSERYTHROPOIESIS, POLYMYOPATHY, AND CARDIAC DISEASE IN ENGLISH SPRINGER SPANIELS

CONGENITAL ANEMIA, DYSKERATOSIS, AND PROGRESSIVE ALOPECIA IN POLLED HEREFORD CALVES

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 31Anemias Caused by Rickettsia, Mycoplasma, and Protozoa

RICKETTSIA

HEMOTROPHIC MYCOPLASMAS (HEMOPLASMAS)

PROTOZOA

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 32Anemia Associated with Bacteria and Viral Infections

YELLOW LAMB DISEASE (ENTEROTOXEMIC JAUNDICE, YELLOWS) CAUSED BY CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS TYPE A (BASONYM CLOSTRIDIUM WELCHII)

BACILLARY HEMOGLOBINURIA, RED WATER DISEASE, OR NEVADA RED WATER CAUSED BY CLOSTRIDIUM HAEMOLYTICUM (OR C. NOVYI TYPE D)

CORYNEBACTERIOSIS CAUSED BY CORYNEBACTERIUM PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS

LEPTOSPIROSIS CAUSED BY LEPTOSPIRA INTERROGANS SEROVARS POMONA AND ICTEROHAEMORRHAGIAE

EQUINE INFECTIOUS ANEMIA (EIA) CAUSED BY THE EIA VIRUS (EIAV)

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 33Immune-Mediated Anemias in the Dog

DEFINITION AND PATHOGENESIS

CLINICAL PRESENTATION

DIAGNOSIS

THERAPY

OUTCOME

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 34Immune-Mediated Anemias in the Cat

PRIMARY IMHA

SECONDARY IMHA

COLD AGGLUTININ DISEASE

RBC BLOOD GROUP INCOMPATIBILITIES

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 35Immune-Mediated Anemias in Ruminants and Horses

IMMUNE-MEDIATED HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA

NEONATAL ISOERYTHROLYSIS

EQUINE INFECTIOUS ANEMIA

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 36Anemias Associated with Oxidative Injury

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF OXIDATIVE INJURY

INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY OF FELINE HEMOGLOBIN

CAUSES OF OXIDATIVE INJURY IN DOMESTIC SPECIES

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 37Anemia of Inflammatory, Neoplastic, Renal, and Endocrine Diseases

INFLAMMATION

NEOPLASIA

RENAL DISEASE

ENDOCRINE DISEASE

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 38Pure Red Cell Aplasia

PURE RED CELL APLASIA IN DOGS

PURE RED CELL APLASIA IN CATS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 39Aplastic Anemia

PATHOGENESIS

DIAGNOSIS

MODELS OF APLASTIC ANEMIA

APLASTIC ANEMIA IN DOGS

APLASTIC ANEMIA IN CATS

APLASTIC ANEMIA IN HORSES

APLASTIC ANEMIA IN RUMINANTS

REFERENCES

SECTION IVLeukocytes

CHAPTER 40Neutrophil Structure and Biochemistry

NEUTROPHIL ULTRASTRUCTURE

NEUTROPHIL GRANULE TYPES

NEUTROPHIL GRANULE STRUCTURE

GRANULE FUNCTION

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 41Neutrophil Distribution and Function

ADHERENCE

CHEMOTAXIS

PHAGOCYTOSIS

BACTERICIDAL MECHANISMS

NEUTROPHIL-MEDIATED AMPLIFICATION OF INFLAMMATION

ROLE OF NEUTROPHILS IN THE ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE

NEUTROPHIL-MEDIATED TISSUE INJURY

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 42Neutrophil Function Disorders