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- Herausgeber: Packt Publishing
- Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
- Sprache: Englisch
In Detail
When testing your applications on the Microsoft platform, Visual Studio 2010 offers you a range of powerful tools for different types of testing. This Microsoft product makes the testing process easier and faster.
A concise guide that will lead you through the amazing range of features offered by Visual Studio 2010 to test your software applications before going live. It is packed with simple but interesting examples to make you comfortable with Visual Studio 2010 testing environment. The book introduces you to the main types of testing available in Visual Studio for both desktop and web applications, and then walks you through deploying, running, and interpreting the results of tests.
Visual Studio 2010 is the new version of Microsoft's software development product, and includes lots of new features for developing and testing software applications. In collaboration with Team Foundation Server, it provides supporting tools for the management of the entire application life cycle, including development and testing.
This book is more focused on testing features and the supporting tools provided by Visual Studio 2010 for testing the applications.
The book begins by explaining different types of tests as part of the software development cycle, and then dives deep into providing an overview of each type of application testing using Visual Studio 2010 features. Along the way you will also learn in detail about creating and maintaining the test cases and associating the test cases with requirements using the Test Manager Tool.
Each chapter in the book concentrates on explaining each test type using the features and tools provided by Visual Studio 2010. You will be guided in using these features with real world examples with step by step explanations.
Get to grips with the amazing range of features offered by the Visual Studio for testing your software applications before going live.
Approach
This book starts with basic understanding of different types of tests. It then goes about explaining several examples with a step-by-step approach to master concepts and the features needed to help the reader understand testing clearly.
Who this book is for
If you are a developer, a software tester, or an architect who wishes to master the amazing range of features offered by the Visual Studio 2010 for testing your software applications before going live - then this book is for you.
This book assumes that you have a basic knowledge of testing software applications and have good work experience of using Visual Studio IDE.
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Table of Contents
Software Testing using Visual Studio 2010
Software Testing using Visual Studio 2010
Copyright © 2010 Packt Publishing
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews.
Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the authors, nor Packt Publishing, and its dealers and distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this book.
Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.
First published: November 2010
Production Reference: 1241110
Published by Packt Publishing Ltd.
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Olton
Birmingham, B27 6PA, UK.
ISBN 978-1-849681-40-7
www.packtpub.com
Cover Image by David Guettirrez (<[email protected]>)
Credits
Authors
Subashni S
Satheesh Kumar N
Reviewers
YiChun Chen
Adam Gallant
Development Editor
Rukhsana Khambatta
Technical Editors
Erika Fernandes
Arani Roy
Indexer
Monica Ajmera Mehta
Editorial Team Leader
Gagandeep Singh
Project Team Leader
Lata Basantani
Project Coordinator
Vishal Bodwani
Proofreader
Kevin McGowan
Graphics
Geetanjali Sawant
Production Coordinators
Alwin Roy
Arvindkumar Gupta
Cover Work
Alwin Roy
About the Authors
Subashni S, has a Bachelor’s Degree in Computer Science Engineering and around twelve years of experience in software development and testing life cycle, project, and program management. She is a certified Project Management Professional (PMP) and Certified Software Test Manager (CSTM). She started her career as DBA in Oracle technology and later developed many software applications using Borland software products for a multinational company based in Chennai, India, and then moved to Bangalore. She is presently working for a multinational company in the area of managing development and testing projects. She is also the co-author of the book, Software Testing using Microsoft Visual Studio 2008, by Packt Publishing.
I would like to thank my husband for helping me in co-authoring and supporting me in completing this book. I would also like to thank my other family members and friends for their continuous support in my career and success.
Satheesh Kumar N, has a Bachelor’s Degree in Computer Science Engineering and has around fourteen years of experience in software development life cycle, project, and program management. He started his career developing software applications using Borland software products in a company based in India and then moved to the United Arab Emirates and continued developing applications using Borland Delphi and customizing Great Plain Dynamics (now known as Microsoft Dynamics). He moved back to India and spent three years designing and developing application software using Microsoft products for a top multinational company in India and then spent couple of years in Project Management and Program Management activities.
Now he works as a Technical Architect in Bangalore for a top retail company, based in the United States. He works with the latest Microsoft technologies and has published many articles on LINQ and other features of .NET. He is also the author of the books, LINQ Quickly and Software Testing using Microsoft Visual Studio 2008, by Packt Publishing.
I would like to thank my wife for helping me in co-authoring and supporting me in completing this book. I would also like to thank my other family members and friends for their continuous support in my career and success.
About the Reviewers
YiChun Chen is one of the, five star contributors at MSDN VSTS, TFS forums, as well as Visual Studio forums, and is an enthusiastic TFS expert.
He is familiar with VB.NET, C# development, and is interested in new techniques of VSTS and TFS from Microsoft. He is well versed in the use of databases, including SQL Server and Oracle.
He has worked for Microsoft for about two years as a Senior Support Engineer on MSDN forums to help customers worldwide to solve technical issues on Visual Studio, Team Foundation Sever, and .NET Framework.
Adam Gallant is a Developer Tools Technology specialist with Microsoft Canada, focusing on Visual Studio 2010 Application Lifecycle Management. In his role, Adam works with Microsoft's partners and customers across Canada, helping them understand how to implement the Microsoft ALM platform, in order to deliver high-quality solutions more effectively. Adam has been with Microsoft in various roles focusing on software development for the past 16 years.
Adam can be reached through e-mail at <[email protected]>.
Preface
The Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 suite contains several features that support the needs of developers, testers, managers, and architects to simplify the development process. Visual Studio provides different editions of the products such as Professional, Premium, and Ultimate with different sets of tools. Visual Studio 2010 is tightly integrated with Team Foundation Server 2010, which is the central repository system that provides version control, process guidance and templates, automated build, automated test, bug tracking, work item tracking, reporting, and supporting of the Lab Center and Test Center.
This book helps developers to get familiarized with the Visual Studio tools and techniques to create automated unit tests, using automated user interface testing, code analysis, and profiling to find out the performance and quality of the code. Testers benefit from learning more about the usage of Test Center and Lab Center, which are very new tools in Visual Studio 2010. This books also covers different types of testing such as Web Performance Test, Load Test, Executing the Manual Test cases, and recording the user actions, rerunning the tests using the recording, Test case execution, and capturing the defects and integrating the requirements, test cases, test results, and defects together is also covered in detail. Testers also get a high level overview on using Lab Center for creating virtual environments for testing multiple users and multiple location scenarios.
Visual Studio provides user interface tools such as Test List Editor, Test View, Test Results, Test Configuration user interfaces, Test Center, and Lab Center to easily manage and maintain multiple test cases, and Test Results in integration with Team Foundation Server. This book provides detailed information on all of the tools used for testing the application during the development and testing phase of the project life cycle.
What this book covers
Chapter 1, Visual Studio 2010 Test Types, provides an overview of different types of testing which help with testing software applications throughout different phases of software development. This chapter also introduces the tools and techniques in Visual Studio 2010 for different testing types.
Chapter 2, Test Plan, Test Suite, and Manual Testing, explains the steps involved in creating the Test Plan, Test cases, and Test Suite used for manual testing. Creating the manual test by recording the user action and running the test with data inputs is also covered as part of this chapter.
Chapter 3, Automated Tests, provides the step-by-step approach to create a Coded UI test from the user action recording. It also explains the steps to provide data to the coded UI test and custom rules for the test.
Chapter 4, Unit Testing, explains the detailed steps involved in creating the unit test classes and methods for the code. It also explains different types of assert methods and parameters for testing the code. Passing a data source with a set of data and testing the code is also explained in detail.
Chapter 5, Web Performance Testing, explains the basic method of web testing using VSTS and features such as adding rules and parameterization of dynamic variables. Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 ultimately provides many new features for the Web Performance Testing such as adding new APIs to the test results, web performance test results in a separate file, looping and branching, new validation and extraction rules, and many more.
Chapter 6, Advanced Web Testing, generates the code for the testing scenario explained in Chapter 5 using the Generate Code option. This is very useful for customizing tests using the code.
Chapter 7, Load Testing, can simulate the number of users, network bandwidth, a combination of different web browsers, and different configurations. In the case of web applications it is always necessary to test the application with different sets of users and browsers to simulate multiple requests to the server. This chapter explains the steps involved in simulating the real world scenario and testing the application.
Chapter 8, Ordered and Generic Tests, explains both test types, the ones used for testing the existing third party tool or programs which can also be run using the command line, in detail. Visual Studio 2010 provides a feature called ordered test to group all or some of these tests and then execute the tests in the same order. The main advantage of creating the ordered test is to execute multiple tests in an order based on the dependencies. Generic tests are just like any other tests except that they are used for testing the existing third-party tool or program which can also be run using the command line.
Chapter 9, Managing and Configuring a Test, provides different tools that support easy ways of managing and grouping the tests. Using these tools, we can enable and disable the tests or select them to run, filter the tests from the list of all the tests created for the project, and set the properties for the individual test. The Test List Editor is the main interface provided by Visual Studio for managing all tests under the solution. This chapter explains the details of the test settings file and the tools used for managing the tests.
Chapter 10, Command Line, explains the command line tool, MSTest, used for running the test with different options and then collecting the output and publishing it to the Team Project.
Chapter 11, Working with Test Results, helps us to verify whether the test methods return the expected results but also to analyze the application quality and to verify the build. We can add the test as part of the Team Foundation Server automated build so that we can verify the build and make sure the latest code is checked in to the source control, and is working as expected. This chapter explains the process of running the tests and publishing the test results to the Team project.
Chapter 12, Reporting, explains the details of accessing the publishing and reporting test results in a specific format. Accessing different types of testing reports and creating new test reports are also explained in this chapter
Chapter 13, Test and Lab Center, is useful for creating the Test Plans and adding Test Cases to the plans. We can also associate the requirements to the test plans. The Lab Center helps us to create and configure different virtual/physical environments for the test runs, test settings such as defining the roles and configuring the data and diagnostics information for the selected roles, configuring the Test Controllers required for the test, and configure the test library to store the environment information.
What you need for this book
This book requires a basic knowledge of any of the versions of Visual Studio and Team Foundation Server. The reader must be familiar with Visual Studio IDE and integration with Team Foundation Server and have a basic knowledge of C#. To generate coded tests and customize the code, the testers should have a basic knowledge of C#. The following tools are required in order to try the samples in all of the chapters of this book:
Who this book is for
If you are a developer, a software tester, or an architect who wishes to master the amazing range of features offered by Visual Studio 2010 for testing your software applications before going live—then this book is for you.
This book assumes that you have a basic knowledge of testing software applications and have good work experience of using Visual Studio IDE.
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Chapter 1. Visual Studio 2010 Test Types
Software testing is one of the most important phases of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). The delivery of the end product is based on better design, better coding, better testing, and meeting the requirements. The quality of the product is measured by testing the product based on functional and non-functional requirements with the help of testing tools and techniques. The tools are useful in simulating a real life situation and the user load. For example, testing a web application with more than 1000 user load is a very time consuming and tedious task if we do it manually. But the performance testing tool that comes along with Visual Studio 2010 can simulate this scenario and test it in a very short period of time. Visual Studio 2010 provides additional tools for testing all type of applications and scenarios such as Unit testing, Load Testing, Web testing, Ordered testing, and generic testing.
This chapter provides a high level overview on all the testing tools and techniques supported by Visual Studio 2010. This chapter covers the following topics:
Software testing in Visual Studio 2010
Before getting into the details of the actual testing using Visual Studio 2010 let us find out the different tools provided by Visual Studio 2010 and their usage and then we can execute the actual tests. Visual Studio 2010 provides different tools for testing and management such as the Test List Editor and the Test View. The test projects and the actual test files are maintained in Team Foundation Server (TFS) for managing the version control of the source and the history of changes. Using Test List Editor we can group similar tests, create any number of Test Lists, and add or delete tests from a Test List.
The other aspect of this chapter is to see the different file types generated in Visual Studio during testing. Most of these files are in XML format, which are created automatically whenever a new test is created.
For the new learners of Visual Studio, there is a brief overview on each one of those windows as we are going to deal with these windows throughout all or most of the chapters in this book. While we go through the windows and their purposes, we can check the Integrated Development Environment (IDE) and the tools integration into Visual Studio 2010.
Testing as part of the Software Development Life Cycle
The main objective of testing is to find the defects early in the SDLC. If the defect is found early, then the cost will be lower than when the defect is found during the production or implementation stage. Moreover, testing is carried out to assure the quality and reliability of the software. In order to find the defect as soon as possible, the testing activities should start early, that is in the Requirement phase of SDLC and continue till the end of the SDLC.
In the Coding phase various testing activities take place. Based on the design, the developers start coding the modules. Static and dynamic testing is carried out by the developers. Code reviews and code walkthroughs are conducted by the team.
Once the coding is complete, then comes the Validation phase, where different phases or forms of testing are performed:
The code is retested and then moved to the testers after confirming the code without any defects for the purpose of functionality. This phase may identify a lot of code defects which reduces the cost and time involved in testing the application by testers, fixing the code, and retesting the fixed code.
Integration Testing: This type of testing is carried out between two or more modules or functions together with the intention of finding interface defects between them. This testing is completed as a part of unit or functional testing and, sometimes, becomes its own standalone test phase. On a larger scale, integration testing can involve putting together groups of modules and functions with the goal of completing and verifying that the system meets the system requirements. Defects found are logged and later fixed by the developers. There are different ways of integration testing such as top-down and bottom-up.Types of testing
Visual Studio provides a range of testing types and tools for testing software applications. The following are some of those types:
In addition to these types there are additional tools provided to manage, order the listing, and execution of tests created in Visual Studio. Some of these are the Test View, Test List Editor, and Test Results window. We will look at the details of these testing tools and the supporting tools for managing testing in Visual Studio 2010.
Unit test
Unit testing is one of the earliest phases of testing the application. In this phase the developers have to make sure the code is producing the expected result as per the stated functionality. It is extremely important to run unit tests to catch defects in the early stage of the software development cycle. The main goal of unit testing is to isolate each piece of the code or individual functionality and test if the method is returning the expected result for different sets of parameter values.
A unit test is a functional class method test which calls a method with the appropriate parameters, exercises it, and compares the results with the expected outcome to ensure the correctness of the implemented code. Visual Studio 2010 has great support for unit testing through the integrated automated unit test framework, which enables the team to write and run unit tests.
Visual Studio has the functionality to automatically generate unit test classes and methods during the implementation of the class. Visual Studio generates the test methods or the base code for the test methods but it remains the responsibility of the developer or the team to modify the generated test methods and to include the code for actual testing. The generated unit testing code will contain several attributes to identify the Test Class, Test Method, and Test Project. These attributes are assigned when the unit test code is generated from the original source code. Here is a sample of the generated unit test code.
A Unit test is used by developers to identify functionality change and code defects. We can run the unit test any number of times and make sure the code delivers the expected functionality and is not affected by new code change or defect fix.
All the methods and classes generated for the automated unit testing are inherited from the namespace Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting.
Manual test
Manual testing is the oldest and the simplest type of testing but yet very crucial for software testing. The tester would be writing the test cases based on the functional and non-functional requirements and then testing the application based on each test case written. It helps us to validate whether the application meets various standards defined for effective and efficient accessibility and usage.
Manual testing comes to play in the following scenarios:
The tested code hasn't stabilized sufficiently for cost effective automation.
We can create manual tests by using Visual Studio 2010 very easily. The most important step in a Manual test is to document all the required test steps for the scenario with supporting information, which could be in a separate file. Once all the test cases are created, we should add the test cases to the Test Plan to be able to run the test and gather the test result every time we run the test. The new Microsoft Test Manager tool helps us when adding or editing the test cases to the Test Plan. The following are additional Manual testing features that are supported by Visual Studio 2010:
There are a lot of other manual testing features that are supported in Visual Studio 2010. We will see those features explained in Chapter 2, Test Plan, Test Suite, and Manual Testing.
Web Performance Tests
Web Performance Tests are used for testing the functionality and performance of the web page, web application, web site, web services, and combination of all of these. Web Performance Tests can be created by recording the HTTP requests and events during user interaction with the web application. The recording also captures the web page redirects, validations, view state information, authentication, and all the other activities. All these are possible by manually building the web tests using the Web Performance Test editor but this takes more time and is more complex. Visual Studio 2010 provides the automated Web test feature which takes care of capturing all HTTP request and response events while recording the user interaction and generating the test.
There are different validation rules and extraction rules used in Web Performance Testing. Validation rules are used for validating the form field names, texts, and tags in the requested web page. We can validate the results or values against the expected result as per the business needs. These validation rules are also used for checking the processing time taken for the HTTP request.
Extraction rules in Web Performance Tests are used for collecting the data from the web pages during requests and responses. Collecting this data helps us in testing the functionality and expected result from the response.
Providing enough data for the test methods is very important for the success of automated testing. Similarly, for Web Performance Tests we need to have a data source from which the data would be populated to the test methods and the web pages would be tested. The data source could be a database, a spreadsheet, or an XML data source. There is a data binding mechanism in Web Performance Tests which takes care of fetching the data from the source and provides the data to the test methods. For example, a reporting page in a web application definitely needs more data to test it successfully. This is also called the data driven web test.
Web Performance Tests can be classified into Simple Web Performance Tests and Coded Web Performance Tests. Both of these are supported by VS:
Coded UI test
The previous versions of Visual Studio provided all facilities to test application functionality and performance but there is no test type to test the UI part of the application, whether it is Web or Windows. Visual Studio 2010 has a very good new feature for the UI test to access the controls in a web page and verify the values.
The Coded UI test Test can be generated from action recordings coming from MTM or can be recorded and generated directly in Visual Studio. A Coded UI test generates a UIMap object that represents the controls, windows, and assertions. Using these objects and methods we can perform actions to automate the test. The coded UI test also creates other supporting files such as:
The following screenshot shows the coded UI test with the default files created for the test:
Load Test
Load Testing is a method of testing used to identify the performance of critical situations and the maximum workload the application can handle. In the case of a desktop or a standalone application the user load is predictable and it is easy to tune the performance, but in the case of a multi-user application or a web application it is necessary to determine the application behavior under normal and peak load conditions.
Visual Studio 2010 provides a Load Test wizard which helps in creating the Load Test for different scenarios. These are the parameters set using the Load Test wizard:
So before we release this web site to the customers or the end users, we should check the performance of the application so that it can support the mass end user group. This is where Load Testing is very useful to test the application along with the Web test or Unit test.
The Load Test is always driven by the collection of Web and Unit tests. The Web Performance Test is added to a Load Test to simulate multiple users opening simultaneous connections to the same web application and making multiple HTTP requests. The Load Test starts with a minimum number of virtual users and then gradually increases the user count to check the performance at the peak user load.
The Load Test can be used to test the performance of the service components to find out the servicing capacity of the component for the client requests. One good example would be to test the data access service component that calls stored procedure in the backend database and returns the results to the client application. Unit tests would be used as part of a Load Test in these cases.
With VS 2010 we have the option of capturing individual tests and saving the entire test result of individual test runs within the Load Test such as a failed Web Performance Test or a failed unit test. This is very helpful when debugging the Load Tests. Results of different tests can be saved in a repository to compare the set of results and improve performance.
VS also provides the Load Test Analyzer, which provides the summary and details of test runs from the Load Test result.
We will see more about setting the Load Test properties, working with tests, and analyzing the Load Test results later in this book in Chapter 7, Load Testing.
Ordered test
There are situations where the execution of a test is dependent on another test. In order to execute the dependent test successfully, the parent test should be executed first. Ordered tests merely consist of setting the order for all the tests in an ordered Test List. Sometimes there would be a test B, which depends on the result produced by test A in the list of tests executed. If we don't set the order that test A should be run before running test B then the entire test would fail.VS 2010 provides the feature to set the execution or running order for the tests through the Test View window. We can list all available tests in the Test View and choose the tests in an order using different options provided by Visual Studio and then run the tests. Visual studio will take care of running the tests in the order we have chosen in the list.
Once we are able to run the tests successfully in an order, we also expect the same ordering in getting the results. Visual Studio provides the results of all the tests in a single row in the Test Results window. Actually, this single row result will contain the results of all the tests run in the order. We can just double-click the single row result to get the details of each of the tests run in the ordered test.
An ordered test is the best way to control tests and run tests in an order.
Generic test
We have seen different types and ways of testing applications but there are situations where we might end up having other third party applications for testing, which were not developed using Visual Studio. We might have only the executable or binaries for the application and may not have the supported testing tool for those applications. This is where we need the generic testing method, which is just a way of testing third party applications using Visual Studio.
Generic tests are used to wrap existing tests. Once the wrapping is done then it is just another test in VS.
Using Visual Studio we can collect the test results and gather the code coverage data too. We can manage and run the generic tests in Visual Studio just like others tests. In fact, the test result output can be published to the Team Foundation server to link it with the code build used for testing.
Test management in VS 2010
Visual Studio 2010 has great testing features and management tools for testing. These features are greatly improved from previous versions of VS. The Test Impact View is the new test management tool added to the existing tools such as Test View, Test List Editor, Test Results, Code coverage Results, and Test Runs from the main IDE.
Team Explorer
Team Explorer is the application tier that is integrated into Visual Studio to connect the source control tool, Team Foundation Server. Using this explorer, the developer can browse through the Team Projects in the TFS. TFS is the central source control repository for managing and controlling Team Projects. From Team Explorer IDE, we can connect to the Team Foundation Server, and the Team Project collection, and Team Project. After connecting to the server, we can use Team Explorer to browse through the details of the Team Project.
Team Explorer provides features to work with Team Project details such as:
Testing tools introduction
Visual Studio 2010 provides many tools to create, run, debug, and view results of tests. The following is an overview of the tools and windows provided by Visual Studio to view test details and test output details. We will look into more details of the actual usage of these tools later, in Chapter 9, Managing and Configuring a Test.
Let us see how we can create a new test project using Visual Studio 2010 and then we will test a sample project to get to know the tools and features.
Open Visual Studio 2010 and open the solution. We will not go into the details of the sample application AddNumbers now but we will just create a test project for the sample application and see the features of the tools and windows. The application referred to throughout this chapter is a very simple application for adding two numbers and showing the result.
In the same way as adding the projects and code files to the solution, we have to create the test project and test files, and add the test project to the solution. There are different ways of creating test projects under the solution:
For our sample testing application, we will select the second option mentioned previously and choose the simple Unit Test type.
The Add New Test dialog contains nine different template options for creating tests. Unit testing templates consist of four types, one is a basic unit test, the second one is Database unit test, the third for the general unit test, and the fourth is for using Unit Test Wizard. The following are the file extensions for each of the VS test types shown in the preceding image:
After selecting the test type, give a name for the test in the Test Name field. Select the Create new Visual C# test Project… in the Add to Test Project option. Now assign a name for the new test project. Let us name it AddNumbersTestProject.
Now we can see that there are two files created, <ProjectName>.vsmdi, which is the metadata file, and the Local.testsettings file created under the solution items for the test projects. The metadata file is an XML file which contains all the information about the tests list. Let us add a couple more tests to this test project to run different tests using the tools available.
Now let us see the different windows and tools that support all the tests that we can execute using Visual Studio. We will walk through the tools by using the sample unit test.
Test View
Visual Studio 2010 provides the Test View window to view the list of all tests available in the current solution. Test View provides the option to change the column display, grouping of tests based on test properties, search for specific tests from the list, and select and run the test from the list as well. The test view window is available under the Test | Windows menu option in Visual Studio IDE. The following screenshot shows a sample of the Test View window which displays the list of all tests created in the current solution:
The Test View window has its own toolbar for the multiple operations that can be performed on the list. The leftmost option in the toolbar is the run and debug option with which we can start and debug the selected tests in the list.
The second and third options in the toolbar are for Filtering the list by choosing the column from the dropdown and entering matching text in the keyword area. When you submit filter conditions using the button to the right, the list gets filtered and only the test matching the condition is shown. For example, the following screenshot shows the list of tests filtered with Test Type as Unit Test:
