Surface Electromyography E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Serie: IEEE Press Series on Biomedical Engineering
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 1193

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2016

Beschreibung

Reflects on developments in noninvasive electromyography, and includes advances and applications in signal detection, processing and interpretation

• Addresses EMG imaging technology together with the issue of decomposition of surface EMG
• Includes advanced single and multi-channel techniques for information extraction from surface EMG signals
• Presents the analysis and information extraction of surface EMG at various scales, from motor units to the concept of muscle synergies. 

Leseprobe

CONTENTS

Cover

Series Page

Title Page

Copyright

Introduction

Acknowledgments

Contributors

Chapter 1: Physiology of Muscle Activation and Force Generation

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Anatomy of a Motor Unit

1.3 Motor Neuron

1.4 Muscle Unit

1.5 Recruitment and Rate Coding

1.6 Summary

References

Chapter 2: Biophysics of the Generation of EMG Signals

2.1 Introduction

2.2 EMG Signal Generation

2.3 Anatomical, Physical, and Detection System Parameters Influencing EMG Features

2.4 Crosstalk

2.5 EMG Amplitude and Force

2.6 Conclusion/Summary

References

Chapter 3: Detection and Conditioning of Surface EMG Signals

3.1 Introduction

3.2 The Electrode–Skin Interface and the Front-End Amplifier Stage

3.3 State of the Art on EMG Signal Conditioning and Interfacing Solutions

3.4 ASIC Solutions on the Market

3.5 Perspectives for the Future

References

Chapter 4: Single-Channel Techniques for Information Extraction from the Surface EMG Signal

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Spectral Estimation of Deterministic Signals and Stochastic Processes

4.3 Basic Surface EMG Signal Models

4.4 Surface EMG Amplitude Estimation

4.5 Extraction of Information in the Frequency Domain from Surface EMG Signals

4.6 Conclusions

References

Chapter 5: Techniques for Information Extraction from the Surface EMG Signal: High-Density Surface EMG

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Spatial Distribution of EMG Potential and EMG Features in Muscles with Fibers Parallel to the Skin

5.3 Spatial Distribution of EMG Potential and Features in Pinnate Muscles

5.4 Current Applications and Future Perspectives of HDsEMG

References

Chapter 6: Muscle Coordination, Motor Synergies, and Primitives from Surface EMG

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Muscle Synergies and Spinal Maps

6.3 Muscle Synergies in Posture Control

6.4 Modular Control of Arm Reaching Movements

6.5 Motor Primitives in Human Locomotion

6.6 Conclusions

References

Chapter 7: Surface EMG Decomposition

7.1 Introduction

7.2 EMG Mixing Process

7.3 EMG Decomposition Techniques

7.4 Validation of Decomposition

References

Chapter 8: EMG Modeling and Simulation

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Principles of Modeling and Simulation

8.3 Phenomenological Surface EMG Models

8.4 Structure-Based Surface EMG Models

8.5 Modeling the Action Potential Source

8.6 Models of Volume Conduction and Detection Systems

8.7 Models of the Surface EMG Signal

8.8 Model Validation

8.9 Applications of Modeling

8.10 Conclusions

References

Chapter 9: Electromyography-Driven Modeling for Simulating Subject-Specific Movement at the Neuromusculoskeletal Level

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Motion Capturing and Biomechanical Modeling of the Human Body

9.3 Musculoskeletal Modeling

9.4 EMG-Driven Musculoskeletal Modeling and Simulation

9.5 Experimental Results and Applications

9.6 Conclusions

Acknowledgment

References

Chapter 10: Muscle Force and Myoelectric Manifestations of Muscle Fatigue in Voluntary and Electrically Elicited Contractions

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Joint Torque Measurement and Muscle Force Estimation in Isometric Contractions

10.3 Physiological Mechanisms of Muscle Fatigue: A Modeling Approach

10.4 Myoelectric Manifestations of Muscle Fatigue in Isometric, Constant Force, Voluntary Contractions

10.5 Myoelectric Manifestations of Muscle Fatigue in Dynamic Contractions

10.6 Myoelectric Manifestations of Fatigue in Electrically Elicited Contractions

10.7 EMG Power Spectrum and Fiber-Typing; A Controversial Issue

10.8 Repeatability of Measurements and Applications of Results

References

Chapter 11: EMG of Electrically Stimulated Muscles

11.1 Electrical Stimulation of the Peripheral Nervous System

11.2 Surface EMG Detection During Electrical Stimulation

References

Chapter 12: Surface EMG Applications in Neurophysiology

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Surface EMG Activity

12.3 Evoked Potential

12.4 Applications

12.5 Conclusions

References

Chapter 13: Surface EMG in Ergonomics and Occupational Medicine

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Surface EMG in Ergonomics and Occupational Medicine

13.3 Basic Workload Concepts and Technical Issues

13.4 EMG–Force Relationship

13.5 Dose and Exposure in Ergonomics

13.6 Normalization Models

13.7 High-Density EMG Recordings in Ergonomics

13.8 Examples of Applications

13.9 Conclusions

References

Chapter 14: Applications in Proctology and Obstetrics

14.1 Introduction

14.2 EMG and Innervation of the External Anal Sphincter

14.3 EMG and Innervation of the Puborectalis Muscle

14.4 Modeling of the EMG of the Anal Sphincter

14.5 Child-Delivery-Related Lesions and EAS Denervation

References

Chapter 15: EMG and Posture in Its Narrowest Sense

15.1 Introduction

15.2 EMG and Natural Standing

15.3 EMG and Postural Perturbations

15.4 New Physiological and Postural Insights Gained from Gastrocnemius, High-Density Surface Electromyograms

References

Chapter 16: Applications in Movement and Gait Analysis

16.1 The Relevance of Electromyography in Kinesiology

16.2 Experimental Setting and sEMG in Motion Analysis

16.3 sEMG-Based Information used in Applications of Motion Analysis

16.4 Examples of Applications in Motion Analysis

16.5 Conclusions and Perspectives

References

Chapter 17: Applications in Musculoskeletal Physical Therapy

17.1 Introduction

17.2 Timing of Muscle Activity

17.3 Myoelectric Manifestations of Muscle Fatigue

17.4 Amplitude of Muscle Signals

17.5 Surface EMG Tuning Curves

17.6 Distribution of Muscle Activity

17.7 Monitoring Change with Rehabilitation

17.8 Conclusions

References

Chapter 18: Surface EMG Biofeedback

18.1 The Beginnings and Principles of Biofeedback

18.2 sEMG Biofeedback

18.3 sEMG-Biofeedback Applications and Considerations

18.4 sEMG Biofeedback: Clinical Applications

18.5 Future Perspectives

18.6 Conclusion

References

Chapter 19: EMG in Exercise Physiology and Sports

19.1 Surface EMG for Studying Muscle Coordination

19.2 Use of sEMG to Characterize Training Exercise

19.3 Training-Induced Muscle Strength Gain: Neural Factors versus Hypertrophy

19.4 Investigation of Muscle Damage by Means of Surface EMG

19.5 Relationships between EMG Features and Muscle Fiber Features

References

Chapter 20: Surface Electromyography for Man–Machine Interfacing in Rehabilitation Technologies

20.1 Introduction

20.2 Extraction of Control Signals from the Surface EMG

20.3 Function Replacement: Active Prostheses

20.4 Function Restoration: Orthotics

20.5 Neuromodulation: EMG-Driven Electrical Stimulation and Rehabilitation Robotics

20.6 Conclusions

Acknowledgment

References

Index

IEEE Press Series in Biomedical Engineering

End User License Agreement

List of Tables

Table 1.1

Table 3.1

Table 3.2

Table 3.3

Table 3.4

Table 3.5

Table 3.6

Table 9.1

List of Illustrations

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Figure 2.10

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Figure 4.9

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Figure 6.1

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Figure 7.1

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Figure 11.9

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Figure 13.1

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Figure 14.1

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Figure 15.1

Figure 15.2

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Figure 16.1

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Figure 16.10

Figure 17.1

Figure 17.2

Figure 17.3

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Figure 17.5

Figure 17.6

Figure 17.7

Figure 17.8

Figure 18.1

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Figure 19.1

Figure 19.2

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Figure 19.6

Figure 19.7

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Figure 19.9

Figure 19.10

Figure 19.11

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Figure 19.13

Figure 19.14

Figure 19.15

Figure 19.16

Figure 20.1

Figure 20.2

Figure 20.3

Figure 20.4

Figure 20.5

Figure 20.6

Figure 20.7

Figure 20.8

Figure 20.9

Figure 20.10

Guide

Cover

Table of Contents

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IEEE Press445 Hoes LanePiscataway, NJ 08854

IEEE Press Editorial BoardTariq Samad, Editor in Chief

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Technical Reviewers

Philip A. Parker, University of New BrunswickDejan Popović, University of BelgradeCathi Disselhorst-Klug, RWTH Aachen University

Surface Electromyography

Physiology, Engineering, and Applications

Edited by

Roberto Merletti

Dario Farina

Copyright © 2016 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. All rights reserved

Published simultaneously in Canada

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ISBN: 978-1-118-98702-5

Introduction

In 2004, the book Electromyography: Physiology, Engineering and Noninvasive Applications, edited by R. Merletti and P. Parker, was published by IEEE Press and Wiley-Interscience. After more than a decade from that publication, the techniques and the equipment adopted in the study of muscles and muscle signals, by means of surface electrodes, underwent major advances. New tools are available for the detection, processing, and interpretation of surface electromyographic (sEMG) signals, new experience and knowledge have been acquired in the field, and new applications are now possible. These advances are related to electrode arrays and “EMG Imaging” techniques, signal amplifiers, signal transmission, EMG decomposition, as well as to many applications of these methodologies.

For many reasons, this work is not a second edition of the 2004 publication but rather a completely new book. First, it focuses only on surface EMG and not on invasive methods. Second, although it still provides the basic background, it emphasizes the new developments on grid recordings and EMG imaging in several applications. In this perspective, some topics discussed in the previous book have been eliminated while new chapters have been added.