Temporary Structure Design E-Book

Christopher Souder

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 562

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2014

Beschreibung

A comprehensive guide to temporary structures in construction projects Temporary Structure Design is the first book of its kind, presenting students and professionals with authoritative coverage of the major concepts in designing temporary construction structures. Beginning with a review of statistics, it presents the core topics needed to fully comprehend the design of temporary structures: strength of materials; types of loads on temporary structures; scaffolding design; soil properties and soil loading; soldier beam, lagging, and tiebacks; sheet piling and strutting; pressure and forces on formwork and falsework; concrete formwork design; falsework; bracing and guying; trestles and equipment bridges; and the support of existing structures. Temporary structures during construction include scaffolding, formwork, shoring, ramps, platforms, earth-retaining structures, and other construction structures that are not part of the permanent installation. These structures are less regulated and monitored than most other parts of the construction process, even though they are often supporting tons of steel or concrete--and the safety of all workers on the site depends on these structures to perform as designed. Unfortunately, most tragic failures occur during construction and are usually the result of improperly designed, constructed, and/or maintained temporary structures. Temporary Structure Design fills an important need in the literature by providing a trusted, comprehensive guide to designing temporary construction structures. * Serves as the first book to provide a design-oriented approach to the design of temporary structures * Includes coverage of the various safety considerations inherent in temporary structure design and construction * Provides information on estimating cost and schedules for these specialized structures * Covers formwork and falsework, as well as personnel protection, production support, environmental protection, and foundational structures If you're a student or a professional working in the field of construction or structural engineering, Temporary Structure Design is a must-have resource you'll turn to again and again.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Title Page

Copyright

Dedication

About the Author

Preface

Acknowledgments

Chapter 1: Statics Review

1.1 Statics Review

1.2 Units of Measure

1.3 Statics

Chapter 2: Strength of Materials Review

2.1 Stress

2.2 Bending Moments

2.3 Materials

2.4 Deflection

2.5 Shear and Moment Diagrams

2.6 Beam Design

Chapter 3: Types of Loads on Temporary Structures

3.1 Supports and Connections on Temporary Structures

Chapter 4: Scaffolding Design

4.1 Regulatory

4.2 Types of Scaffolding

4.3 Loading on Scaffolding

4.4 Scaffolding Factors of Safety

4.5 Scaffold Components

4.6 Scaffold Design

Chapter 5: Soil Properties and Soil Loading

5.1 Soil Properties

5.2 Soil Loading

Chapter 6: Soldier Beam, Lagging, and Tiebacks

6.1 System Description and Units of Measure

6.2 Materials

Chapter 7: Sheet Piling and Strutting

7.1 Sheet Piling Basics

Chapter 8: Pressure and Forces on Formwork and Falsework

8.1 Properties of Materials

Chapter 9: Concrete Formwork Design

9.1 General Requirements

9.2 Formwork Design

9.3 Conclusion

Chapter 10: Falsework Design

10.1 Falsework Risks

Chapter 11: Bracing and Guying

11.1 Rebar Bracing and Guying

11.2 Form Bracing with Steel Pipe and Concrete Deadmen

11.3 Rebar Guying on Highway Projects

11.4 Alternate Anchor Method

Chapter 12: Trestles and Equipment Bridges

12.1 Basic Composition of a Standard Trestle

12.2 Other Projects Utilizing Methods of Access

12.3 Conclusion

Chapter 13: Support of Existing Structures

13.1 Basic Building Materials

Appendixes

Appendix 1: Steel Beams (AISC)

Appendix 2: Steel Pipe

Appendix 3: H Pile (AISC)

Appendix 4: Allowable Buckling Stress

Appendix 5: Sheet Pile (Skyline)

Appendix 6: Wood Properties

Appendix 7: Formwork Charts (Williams)

Appendix 8: Form Hardware Values (Williams)

Appendix 9: Aluminum Beams (Aluma)

Index

End User License Agreement

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Guide

Cover

Table of Contents

Preface

Begin Reading

List of Illustrations

Figure 1.1

Figure 1.2

Figure 1.3

Figure 1.4

Figure 1.5

Figure 1.6

Figure 1.7

Figure 1.8

Figure 1.9

Figure 1.10

Figure 1.11

Figure 1.12

Figure 1.13

Figure 1.14

Figure 1.15

Figure 1.16

Figure 1.17

Figure 1.18

Figure 1.19

Figure 1.20

Figure 1.21

Figure 1.22

Figure 1.23

Figure 2.1

Figure 2.2

Figure 2.3

Figure 2.4

Figure 2.5

Figure 2.6

Figure 2.7

Figure 2.8

Figure 2.9

Figure 2.10

Figure 2.11

Figure 2.12

Figure 2.13

Figure 2.14

Figure 2.15

Figure 2.16

Figure 2.17

Figure 2.18

Figure 3.1

Figure 3.2

Figure 3.3

Figure 3.4

Figure 3.5

Figure 3.6

Figure 3.7

Figure 3.8

Figure 3.9

Figure 3.10

Figure 3.11

Figure 3.12

Figure 3.14

Figure 3.13

Figure 3.15

Figure 3.16

Figure 3.17

Figure 3.18

Figure 4.1

Figure 4.2

Figure 4.3

Figure 4.4

Figure 4.5

Figure 4.6

Figure 4.7

Figure 4.8

Figure 4.9

Figure 4.10

Figure 4.11

Figure 4.12

Figure 4.13

Figure 4.14

Figure 4.15

Figure 5.1

Figure 5.2

Figure 5.3

Figure 5.4

Figure 5.5

Figure 5.6

Figure 5.7

Figure 5.8

Figure 5.9

Figure 5.10

Figure 5.11

Figure 5.12

Figure 5.13

Figure 5.14

Figure 5.15

Figure 5.16

Figure 5.17

Figure 5.18

Figure 5.19

Figure 5.20

Figure 5.21

Figure 5.22

Figure 5.23

Figure 5.24

Figure 5.25

Figure 5.26

Figure 5.29

Figure 5.27

Figure 6.1

Figure 6.2

Figure 6.3

Figure 6.4

Figure 6.5

Figure 6.6

Figure 6.7

Figure 6.8

Figure 6.9

Figure 6.10

Figure 6.11

Figure 6.12

Figure 6.13

Figure 6.14

Figure 6.15

Figure 6.16

Figure 6.17

Figure 6.18

Figure 6.19

Figure 6.20

Figure 6.21

Figure 6.22

Figure 6.23

Figure 6.24

Figure 6.25

Figure 6.29

Figure 6.CS1

Figure 6.CS2

Figure 7.1

Figure 7.2A

Figure 7.2B

Figure 7.3

Figure 7.4

Figure 7.5

Figure 7.6

Figure 7.7

Figure 7.8

Figure 7.9

Figure 7.10

Figure 7.11

Figure 7.12

Figure 7.13

Figure 7.14

Figure 7.15

Figure 7.16

Figure 7.17

Figure 7.18

Figure 7.19

Figure 7.20

Figure 7.21

Figure 7.22

Figure 7.CS1

Figure 7.CS2

Figure 7.CS3

Figure 8.1

Figure 8.2

Figure 8.3

Figure 8.4

Figure 8.5

Figure 8.6

Figure 8.7

Figure 8.8

Figure 8.9

Figure 8.10

Figure 8.11

Figure 8.12

Figure 8.CS1

Figure 8.CS2

Figure 8.CS3

Figure 8.CS4

Figure 9.1

Figure 9.2

Figure 9.3

Figure 9.4

Figure 9.5

Figure 9.6

Figure 9.7

Figure 9.8

Figure 9.9

Figure 9.10

Figure 9.11

Figure 9.12

Figure 9.13

Figure 9.14

Figure 9.15

Figure 9.16

Figure 9.17

Figure 9.CS1

Figure 9.CS2

Figure 9.CS3

Figure 9.CS4

Figure 9.CS5A

Figure 9.CS5B

Figure 9.CS6

Figure 9.CS7

Figure 9.CS8

Figure 10.1

Figure 10.2

Figure 10.3

Figure 10.4

Figure 10.5

Figure 10.6

Figure 10.7

Figure 10.8

Figure 10.9

Figure 10.10

Figure 10.11

Figure 10.12

Figure 10.13

Figure 10.14

Figure 10.15

Figure 10.16

Figure 10.17

Figure 10.18

Figure 10.CS1

Figure 10.CS2

Figure 10.CS3

Figure 10.CS4

Figure 10.CS5

Figure 10.CS6

Figure 10.CS7

Figure 10.CS8

Figure 10.CS9

Figure 10.CS10

Figure 10.CS11

Figure 10.CS12

Figure 10.CS14

Figure 10.CS15

Figure 11.1

Figure 11.2

Figure 11.3

Figure 11.4

Figure 11.5

Figure 11.6

Figure 11.7

Figure 11.8

Figure 11.9

Figure 11.10

Figure 11.11

Figure 11.12

Figure 11.13

Figure 11.14

Figure 11.15

Figure 11.16

Figure 11.17

Figure 11.18

Figure 11.19

Figure 11.20

Figure 11.21

Figure 11.22

Figure 11.23

Figure 11.24

Figure 11.25

Figure 11.26

Figure 11.27

Figure 11.28

Figure 11.29

Figure 11.CS1

Figure 11.CS2

Figure 11.CS3

Figure 12.1

Figure 12.2

Figure 12.3

Figure 12.4

Figure 12.5

Figure 12.6

Figure 12.7

Figure 12.8

Figure 12.9

Figure 12.10

Figure 12.11

Figure 12.12

Figure 12.13

Figure 12.14

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Figure 12.17

Figure 12.18

Figure 12.19

Figure 12.20

Figure 12.21

Figure 12.22

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Figure 12.25

Figure 12.26

Figure 12.27

Figure 12.28

Figure 12.29

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Figure 12.31

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Figure 12.33

Figure 12.34

Figure 12.35

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Figure 12.37

Figure 12.38

Figure 12.39

Figure 12.40

Figure 12.CS1

Figure 12.CS2

Figure 12.CS3

Figure 12.CS4

Figure 12.CS5

Figure 12.CS6

Figure 12.CS7

Figure 13.1

Figure 13.2

Figure 13.3

Figure 13.4

Figure 13.5

Figure 13.6

Figure 13.7

Figure 13.8

Figure 13.9

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Figure 13.18

Figure 13.19

Figure 13.20

Figure 13.21

Figure 13.22

Figure 13.23

Figure 13.24

Figure 13.CS1

Figure 13.CS2

Figure 13.CS3

Figure 13.CS4

Figure 13.CS5

List of Tables

Table 1.1

Table 1.2

Table 1.3

Table 2.1

Table 2.2

Table 2.3

Table 2.4

Table 2.5

Table 2.6

Table 2.7

Table 2.8

Table 2.9

Table 3.1

Table 3.2

Table 4.1

Table 4.2

Table 4.3

Table 5.1

Table 5.2

Table 5.3

Table 5.4

Table 5.5

Table 5.6

Table 5.7

Table 5.8

Table 6.1

Table 6.2

Table 6.3

Table 6.4

Table 7.1

Table 8.1

Table 8.2

Table 8.3

Table 8.4

Table 9.1

Table 9.2

Table 9.3

Table 9.4

Table 9.5

Table 9.6

Table 9.7

Table 9.8

Table 9.9

Table 9.10

Table 9.11

Table 9.12

Table 9.13

Table 9.14

Table 9.15

Table 9.16

Table 9.17

Table 10.1

Table 10.2

Table 10.3

Table 10.4

Table 11.1

Table 11.2

Table 11.3

Table 11.4

Table 11.5

Table 11.6

Table 11.7

Table 11.8

Table 12.1

Table 12.2

Table 12.3

Table 12.4

Table 12.5

Table 12.6

Table 12.7

Table 12.8

Table 13.1

Table 13.2

Table 13.3

Table 13.4

TEMPORARY STRUCTURE DESIGN

Chris Souder

Cover image: © Chris Souder

Cover design: Wiley

This book is printed on acid-free paper.

Copyright © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved

Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey

Published simultaneously in Canada

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ISBN 978-1-118-90558-6 (cloth); ISBN 978-1-118-93414-2 (ebk); ISBN 978-1-118-93996-3 (ebk)

I would like to dedicate this book to Stuart (Bart) Bartholomew.

I only knew Bart for 14 years, but in this short time he had more influence on me than most. Not only did Bart design the temporary structure class that this book was designed for, he was instrumental in my decision to change to the teaching profession. Countless breakfast and lunch meetings had me listening in amazement to the years of construction, teaching, and consulting experiences. Bart, you are a model of integrity, honesty, and ethical behavior.

About the Author

Chris Souder graduated with an undergraduate degree in construction management in 1988 before going to work for Kiewit Pacific Co. in northern California. Chris had a successful 16-year career with Kiewit and was involved with many projects in the heavy civil arena. Chris held positions from field engineer to project manager to lead estimator. Some of the projects Chris was involved with were the Woodland WWTP expansion in Woodland, California, Highway 85 Bridge construction for CalTrans in San Jose, California, WWTP Expansion and new facilities for the City of Roseville at its Booth Rd. and Pleasant Grove Plants, Highway 101 Retrofit work for CalTrans in San Francisco, California, new Highway 880 construction of bridge structures for CalTrans in Oakland, California, following the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Water storage facilities for the City of Sacramento, new bridge and 2 miles of road construction including a pump station in Oroville, California, an expansion of the Sacramento River WTP facility for the City of Sacramento, and various estimating assignments for both heavy highway and water treatment facilities throughout northern California. These projects as a whole had total revenues in excess of $420 million.

Chris then pursued an Interdisciplinary Master's degree in construction planning at California State University, Chico, while teaching full time in the construction management program. Today, Chris teaches temporary structures and scheduling and project controls to fourth-year students at Chico State while maintaining a continuous portfolio of consulting projects and industry trainings ranging from cost estimating, temporary structures design, and scheduling services. While teaching, Chris received the terminal degree in construction management by completing his M.S. in construction planning at Chico State. This education, combined with 16 years of heavy civil industry experience makes Chris a most effective type of professor in the construction management discipline.

Preface

Temporary structure design is not taken lightly by the owner, engineer, or contractor. It has and should always be a practice that is performed by a licensed engineer in its specific discipline. However, the construction manager should be versed in the design procedures to a point where he can request a particular design or review a concept or submittal with the ability to understand the basic components of the design.

In 1989, the fourth edition of Simplified Mechanics and Strength of Materials was written. This book is an example of the present book's goal. I was inspired by the simplicity that Parker and Ambrose displayed in their text. I truly believe that this subject can be well understood by the construction manager without the ultimate goal of becoming a licensed engineer. However, if that is the goal of the student, this text will prepare you to take the next step in engineering pursuing your goal to be licensed.

There is a need for this topic in a construction management (CM) degree, both undergraduate and graduate, civil engineering (CE), both under graduate and graduate, or in industry that is simplified enough that the student, intern, or engineer can simply follow the major concepts without sacrificing key engineering principles. Different universities approach the temporary structures topic in several ways. Some, like Chico State, make it the culminating experience following statics and mechanics. This text will compliment a similar program. Others teach a “structure” class that gives the students a basic understanding of how structures are designed. The latter focuses more on permanent design. Many civil engineering students graduate and go on to work for state agencies or heavy civil contractors. Both of these careers rely heavily on the design of temporary structures. With the state agency, one will be reviewing and inspecting temporary structures. With the contractor, one will be involved with helping design and building temporary structures. These two paths are very rewarding for a CM or CE undergraduate or graduate student.

I also wanted students of temporary structures to be able to comprehend the more complicated analysis that come with more difficult loading conditions without the need for a complete understanding or need for indeterminate structure analysis. I want the student to be aware of the available software on the market today that can simplify even the most complicated loading condition.

I also thought it was important that the student or engineer of this subject be able to understand and perform simple cost estimates of the designs that are explained in each chapter. Most chapters have brief explanations of cost analyses so the educated decisions can be made during the design phase.

Acknowledgments

To Jessica, Jason and Devon, thank you for putting up with me through this life of construction. To my brothers Greg and Mike, Greg for encouraging me to go into a construction management program and Mike for his constant support. To my parents, Dick and Ines Souder for your constant support, even if you really don't know what I do for a living.

To Robert Towne and Ruth Younger for your hours of assistance to the manuscript.

To Valentina Pozin and Don Hamann for your sound engineering advise and “hand holding.”

To the following industry folks and colleagues:

Jim Dick

Steve Floyd

Howard Mattfield

Jim Cole

Dan Collins

Jon Re

Dave Mitchell

Clint Cole

Ken Riley

Dave Jack

Dan Griffin

Shawn Drobny

Brad Kaufman

Bill Cooke

Matt Halleen

Dan Munson

Dave Hazen

Rovane Younger

Bruce Yoakum

Lee Cushman

for your contributions, advice, and case study assistance.

To the following companies:

Kiewit

Traylor Bros.

Golden State Bridge

Cushman Contractors Inc.

Flatiron Corporation

Pankow Builders, LTD

for your case study contributions.

I thank you all.

Chapter 1Statics Review

1.1 Statics Review

In construction management and civil engineering programs, students are required to take statics and strength of material classes in preparation for their successor. The successor might be a generic “structures” course, a temporary structure course, or maybe no successor course at all. Whichever direction the curriculum goes, the basics of statics and strength of materials is the common denominator.

This book has been written under the assumption that the student has a background in statics and strength of materials and these skills only need to be refined. Temporary structures utilizes many of the less complicated aspects of statics and strength of materials, so even if the student did not master the two prerequisites, he should still be successful in the subject matter of this book. In addition, temporary structure design is a very practical subject, and the student should be energized to see that the challenges that this book covers are real construction situations that the student will experience for his or her entire career.

1.2 Units of Measure

At the time of this writing, local and state projects in the United States continue to use the English “Imperial” unit system (feet, pounds, etc.). While most of Europe and the rest of the world use the metric system, the United States has resisted this movement. Even the California Department of Transportation, which had converted current and future projects to the Imperial system of measures late in the 20th century, has gone back to using the Imperial system in the early 21st century. Since England has also gone to the metric system, their “English” Imperial system is now referred to as the U.S. units. Because this text has been written for students in the United States, examples will be given in U.S. units only. shows most of the common units of measure used in this book.