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Beschreibung

The 2-Dimensional World of Graphene explores a wide range of graphene applications, capturing current research and understanding about the material while also offering a glimpse into the exciting possibilities that lie ahead. It compiles 10 edited reviews contributed by experts in chemistry.
The book begins with a comparison of short-chain dyad graphene oxide and graphene quantum dot nanocomposites, highlighting their role in renewable energy. The introductory chapter is followed by reviews on graphene applications forensics, water purification, green synthesis from agricultural waste, energy storage and conversion, reliability engineering and advanced material fabrication. Each chapter includes structured sections, detailed references and a summary for a broad readership. Contributors have included information on structures and relevant methodology where appropriate for the range of applications highlighted.
The 2-Dimensional World of Graphene is an essential primer on applications of graphene and its derivatives.

Readership
Researchers, instructors, students and chemistry enthusiasts interested in the applications of graphene.

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Seitenzahl: 396

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2024

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Table of Contents
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Limitation of Liability:
General:
PREFACE
List of Contributors
Development of Light Energy Converters by using Short-Chain Dyad-Graphene Oxide and Graphene Quantum Dot Nanocomposites: A Comparative Approach
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
THE EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS
Materials
Synthesis of Dyad
Synthesis of GQD
Synthesis of GO and RGO
Synthesis of CQD and NCQD
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
UV-Vis Absorption
Measurements of the Fluorescence Lifetime using the TCSPC Method
CONCLUSION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Graphene-Based Nanomaterials for Forensic Application
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Graphene-based sensors
Graphene-based electronic sensors
For Health
Forensic Application
Forensic Nanosensors
Nanosensors for Explosive Detection
Nanosensors in Questioned Documents Analysis
The time of death estimation by nanosensors
Bloodstain examination by nanosensors
Drug analysis by nanosensors
PCR efficiency enhancement by nanotechnology
Trace evidence analysis by nanosensors
Security features by nanotechnology
Fingerprint development by nanomaterials
Emerging use of nanotechnology in forensic applications
Disadvantages of graphene
Security of Homeland
DNA Analysis
Pesticides Detection
Heavy metals detection
Future prospects
Conclusion
References
Graphene from Solid Waste Materials for Water Purification
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Solid Waste
Plastic Wastes
Agro-Waste
Other Industrial Waste
Methods to Prepare Graphene Through Waste
Method 1: Solid State Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)
Method 2: Two-Step Pyrolysis Method
Method 3: Flash Joule Heating Process
Preparation of Graphene Oxide (GO) from Biowastes
Water Pollution
DIFFERENT METHODS OF WATER PURIFICATION
Use of Graphene for Water Purification
Removal of Microorganisms
Removal of Inorganic Pollutants
Arsenic Removal from Water
Mercury Removal from Water
Copper Removal from Water
Removal of Organic Pollutants using Graphene or Graphene Oxide
CONCLUSION
References
Importance of Graphene in Energy Storage and Production Devices
Abstract
Introduction
Structure and Properties of Graphene
Derivatives of Graphene
Synthesis of Graphene
Top-Down Approaches
Mechanical Exfoliation
Liquid-phase Exfoliation
Chemical Exfoliation
Chemical Synthesis
Reduction of Graphene Oxide
Thermal Reduction
Hydrothermal Reduction
Solvothermal Reduction
Bottom-Up Approaches
Epitaxial Growth
Chemical Vapour Deposition
Application of Graphene in Energy Storage and Production Devices
Lithium-ion Batteries
Supercapacitors
Solar Cells
Fuel Cells
Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
Conclusion
References
Green Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide Utilizing Agricultural Waste and Nanocomposite for Potential Environmental and Health Applications
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Graphene-based nanoparticles
Graphene
Graphene Oxide (GO)
Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO)
Green Reduction of GO
Green Fabrication of rGO from the Extracts of Agricultural Wastes
Metal-based Nanoparticles
Graphene-based Metal Nanocomposite
rGO Based Iron Nanocomposites
rGO Based Gold Nanocomposites
rGO Based Silver Nanocomposites
Conclusion
References
Graphene Nanoparticles: Technological Concepts and Future Applications
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
MANUFACTURING PROCESS
Chemical Vapor Deposition/Chemical Vapor Transport (CVT) Method
Wet Chemical Synthesis Method
Laser-Assisted Graphene Method
PROPERTIES OF GRAPHENE
Electrical Characteristics
Optical Attributes
Thermal Properties
Mechanical Characteristics
APPLICATIONS OF GRAPHENE
“Stretchable” Electronics Applications
As Lubricant
In Solar Cell
As Photothermal Therapy
Magnetic Applications
Detoxification of Water
Photocatalytic Magnetic Medication
Medical Applications
Drug Delivery Applications and Conjugation Strategies
Biosensors
Biofunctionalization with Proteins
Biofunctionalization with DNA
Gene Delivery
Small Molecule Drug Delivery
Antimicrobial Effect
Biomedical Implantation
Agriculture
Environmental Applications
Heavy Metal Removal
Humidity Sensor
Gas Transport
In Food Industry
In Construction Materials
CONCLUSION
Acknowledgement
References
Synthesis, Preparation, and Properties of 2D-Graphene for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion
Abstract
Introduction
Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices (EESDs): Graphene Properties and Preparation Techniques
The Morphology and Products of Graphene
GQDs-Graphene Quantum Dots
1D-Graphene Products
Two Dimensional Graphene Structures
Nanostructures Aligned Vertically
Films/Papers
Graphene and Graphdiyne
Three Dimensional Graphene Structures and their Products
MicroFlower Structures
Self Assembly Structures: Self-Folding
Aerogels and Foams
Novel Designs and Preparation Methods of Graphene for Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices (EESDs)
CONCLUSION
References
A Review of Crack Growth Analysis of Graphene Nanocomposites
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
MODELLING
Extended Finite Element Method
Crack Growth or Damage Analysis of GNC
Gr Shape and Interfacial Properties Effect
Discussion
CONCLUSION
References
Graphene-based Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices-EESDs; Opportunities and Future Perspective
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: GRAPHENE-BASED MATERIALS FOR ENERGY STORAGE
Graphene-based Materials in LIBs
Graphene Materials for Lithium-oxygen (Li-O) Batteries
Graphene Materials for Lithium-sodium (Li-Na) Batteries
Graphene-based Materials in Supercapacitors
CONCLUSION
References
Effect of Graphene on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Metal Matrix Composites
Abstract
Introduction
Synthesis and characterization of Graphene
Different Methods used for the Synthesis of Graphene
Mechanical Exfoliation
Liquid Phase Exfoliation
Arc Discharge Method
Chemical Vapor Deposition
Epitaxial Growth
Epitaxial Growth of Graphene on Silicon Carbide
Epitaxial Growth of Graphene on Hexagonal Boron Nitride
Characterization Techniques used to Evaluate the Quality and Properties of Graphene
Optical Microscopy
Scanning Electron Microscopy
Transmission Electron Microscopy
X-ray Diffraction
Raman Spectroscopy
Fabrication of Graphene Reinforced MMCs
Powder Metallurgy
Stir Casting
Chemical Vapour Deposition
Electrochemical Deposition
Molecular Level Mixing
Accumulative Roll Bonding
Microstructure Analysis
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF GRAPHENE
Analysis of the Mechanical Properties of the Graphene-reinforced MMCs
Graphene-Aluminium MMCs
Graphene-Copper MMCs
Graphene-Magnesium MMCs
Factors Affecting the Mechanical Properties of the Composite
Potential Applications of G-MMCs
Conclusion
References
The 2-Dimensional World of Graphene
Edited By
Virat Khanna
University Centre for Research & Development
Chandigarh University
Mohali, Punjab, India
Vishal Chaudhary
Department of Physics
Bhagini Nivedita College
University of Delhi, Delhi, India
Anam Munawar
Department of Forensic Medicine
University of Health Sciences
Lahore, Pakistan
Reddicherla Umapathi
Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering
Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
&
Kamaljit Singh
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Chandigarh Engineering College
Jhanjeri, Mohali, India

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PREFACE

The field of graphene research has flourished over the past decade, and it continues to captivate scientists, engineers, and innovators alike. Graphene, a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice, exhibits extraordinary properties that set it apart from conventional materials. Its exceptional electrical conductivity, thermal stability, and mechanical strength have paved the way for a myriad of groundbreaking applications.

The chapters featured in this book span a broad spectrum of topics, each exploring a unique facet of graphene's immense potential. Starting with the development of light energy converters, our contributors present a comparative analysis of short-chain dyad graphene oxide and graphene quantum dot nanocomposites—a critical step forward in harnessing renewable energy sources. Forensic applications take the center stage in the next chapter, where graphene-based nanomaterials demonstrate their prowess in enhancing forensic investigations, making a significant impact in the field of law enforcement and criminal justice. The global importance of water purification drives our attention to another chapter, which ingeniously showcases how graphene derived from solid waste materials can be a key player in tackling water contamination issues. Environmental consciousness remains a core theme as we delve into the green synthesis of reduced graphene oxide using agricultural waste—a compelling solution with immense potential for various environmental and health applications. Energy storage and conversion, essential components of the sustainable future we strive for, are eloquently discussed in the chapter dedicated to the synthesis, preparation, and properties of 2D graphene for electrochemical energy storage and conversion. Mechanical properties and structural integrity take precedence in the exploration of crack growth analysis of graphene nanocomposites, an essential aspect for ensuring the reliability of materials in various engineering applications. Finally, the impact of graphene on metal matrix composites is thoroughly examined, showcasing the enhancement of mechanical properties in these advanced materials.

Each chapter in this book represents a dedicated effort by the authors to contribute to the growing body of knowledge on graphene's potential. We are proud to say that this collection not only captures the current state of the field but also offers a glimpse into the exciting possibilities that lie ahead. We extend our heartfelt gratitude to all the authors who have passionately contributed their expertise, knowledge, and insights to make this book a reality. Their commitment to advancing scientific research has been pivotal in shaping the content of this publication.

We hope that "The 2-Dimensional World of Graphene" will ignite your curiosity, inspire further exploration, and spark new ideas that will drive the future of graphene research and its transformative applications.

Virat Khanna University Centre for Research & Development Chandigarh University Mohali, Punjab, IndiaVishal Chaudhary Department of Physics Bhagini Nivedita College University of Delhi, Delhi, IndiaAnam Munawar Department of Forensic Medicine University of Health Sciences Lahore, PakistanReddicherla Umapathi Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea&Kamaljit Singh Department of Mechanical Engineering Chandigarh Engineering College Jhanjeri, Mohali, India

List of Contributors

Ahsan RiazDepartment of Forensic Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, PakistanAnam MunawarDepartment of Forensic Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, PakistanAquib KhanDepartment of Polytechnic, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaAbdul ShakoorDepartment of Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, PakistanBakht Mand KhanDepartment of Applied Physical and Material Sciences, University of Swat, Rahim Yar Khan, KPK, Punjab, PakistanBehram Khan Ajat KhelDepartment of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, PakistanChe Azurahanim Che AbdullahBiophysics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Nanomaterials Synthesis and Characterisation Laboratory, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, MalaysiaDeepali P. ButalaDepartment of Chemistry, Sir Parshurambhau College, Pune, Maharashtra, IndiaDharshini PerumalBiophysics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, MalaysiaEmmellie Laura AlbertNanomaterials Synthesis and Characterisation Laboratory, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, MalaysiaFaria FatimaDepartment of Agriculture, IIAST, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaFarah HussainDepartment of Physics, International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad, PakistanIshani MitraDepartment of Physics, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata, IndiaIqra ZafeerDepartment of Forensic Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, PakistanJamal YousafDepartment of Physics, University of Wah, Wah Cantt, Wah, PakistanKefayat UllahDepartment of Applied Physical and Material Sciences, University of Swat, Rahim Yar Khan, KPK, Punjab, PakistanKatyayani MishraDepartment of Biochemistry, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaKhizra ArifDepartment of Material Science and Engineering, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad, PakistanKhansa MasoodDepartment of Physics, International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad, PakistanKamaljit SinghDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Chandigarh Engineering College, Jhanjeri, Mohali, IndiaManaal ZaheraDepartment of Biotechnology, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaMalika RaniDepartment of Physics, The Women University Multan, Multan, PakistanMarvi DashiMehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, Sindh, PakistanMuhammad Faiz JunaidDepartment of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, PakistanMuhammad AtifInstitute of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, University of the Punjab, Lahore, PakistanMuhammad AwaisDepartment of Physics, COMSATS, Islamabad, PakistanMuhammad WaseemCentre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, PakistanMamta DahiyaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, MAIT, Maharaja Agrasen University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, IndiaReshma WadoodDepartment of Applied Physical and Material Sciences, University of Swat, Rahim Yar Khan, KPK, Punjab, PakistanRabia SiddiquiDepartment of Physics, The Women University Multan, Multan, PakistanShobha WaghmodeDepartment of Chemistry, MES Abasaheb Garware College, Pune, Maharashtra, IndiaSuneev Anil BansalDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Bharat Institute of Engineering and Technology, Mangalpally, Ibrahimpatnam, Hyderabad, Telangana, IndiaSami Ur RehmanDepartment of Physics, Riphah International University, Islamabad, PakistanTapan GangulySchool of Laser Science and Engineering, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata, IndiaVirat KhannaUniversity Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, IndiaVishal ChaudharyDepartment of Physics, Bhagini Nivedita College, University of Delhi, Delhi, IndiaWon Chun OhDepartment of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Hanseo University, Seosan-si, Republic of KoreaWaheed AlamSchool of Physics, Minhaj University, Lahore, Pakistan

Development of Light Energy Converters by using Short-Chain Dyad-Graphene Oxide and Graphene Quantum Dot Nanocomposites: A Comparative Approach

Ishani Mitra1,*,Tapan Ganguly2
1 Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India
2 School of Laser Science and Engineering, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India

Abstract

In this chapter, the measurements of fluorescence lifetimes of short-chain dyads ((E)-4-(((9H-fluorene-2-yl) Dimino)-methyl), N, N dimethyl-aniline (NND MBF)-graphene quantum dot (GQD) nanocomposite systems were made. The results observed from this system have been compared with the pristine dyad (p-dyad) and graphene oxide (GO)-dyad nanocomposite and Carbon Quantum Dot(CQD) nanocomposite. When compared to pristine dyad and dyad-GO systems, the dyad-GQD appears to be a much better light-energy converter because of its superior capacity for trans-conformer retention, which can occur even under a photoexcitation state. In the instance of the nanocomposite dyad NNDMBF-GQD, the surface trap effects may be the cause of the excited state's trans-conformer's relative stability when compared to its pristine form.

Keywords: Carbon quantum dots, Charge-separated species, Charge recombination, Electron transfer, Electron donor, Electron acceptor, Energy storage, Fluorescence lifetimes, Graphene quantum dots, Graphene oxide, Nanocomposites, Pristine dyad.
*Corresponding author Ishani Mitra: Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India; E-mail: [email protected]