The Blackwell Companion to Social Work E-Book
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- Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
- Kategorie: Geisteswissenschaft
- Sprache: Englisch
Fully revised and restructured, this fresh edition offers students and trainee social workers an incisive and authoritative introduction to the subject. As well as entirely new sections on theory and practice, the expert contributions which have shaped the companion’s leading reputation have been updated and now include innovative standalone essays on social work theory.
- Comprehensively reworked new edition comprising six substantive sections covering essential topics for trainee social workers – in effect, six books in one
- Includes an extensive introduction and chapters by leading experts on the focus and purpose of social work
- Provides a unified textbook for trainees and an invaluable professional reference volume
- Features a wealth of new material on theory and practice alongside detailed expositions of the social and psychological framework, stages in the human life cycle, and the objectives and core components of social work
- Each chapter lists five key points to remember, questions for discussion, and recommendations for further reading
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Seitenzahl: 978
Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2013
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Table of Contents
Praise for The Blackwell Companion to Social Work
Dedication
Title page
Copyright page
Contributors
Introduction
Book 1 Social Work’s Psychosocial Framework
Book 2 The Human Life Cycle
Book 3 When Social Work is Needed
Book 4 Social Work in Practice
Book 5 Social Work’s Core Components
Book 6 Social Work’s Theory Base
In Conclusion
BOOK 1 Social Work’s Psychosocial Framework
CHAPTER 1.1 Social Work and Society
What is Social Work?
What is Society?
Social Work and ‘Pre-Industrial’ Society
Social Work and ‘Modern’ Society
Social Work in the Twentieth Century
Social Work and ‘Postmodern’ Society
Conclusion
CHAPTER 1.2 Social Work and Politics
Ideology and Central Government
Administration, Devolution and Local Government
Social Services
Conclusion
CHAPTER 1.3 Gendering the Social Work Agenda
Childcare
Community Care
Criminal Justice
Methods and Settings of Intervention
Challenges to Men
Conclusion
CHAPTER 1.4 Culture, Ethnicity and Identity
Culture and Ethnicity
Self-Identity
Culture, Ethnicity and Identity: An Interplay
Self-Identity and Practice with Ethnic Minority Children
Negating the Other’s Self-Definition
Black Culture, Black Perspectives
Conclusion: Closing Gaps
CHAPTER 1.5 Families
Changing Families and Households
Lone-Parent Families
Conclusion
CHAPTER 1.6 Sexuality, Sexual Relationships and Social Work
Defining the Territory
Self-Awareness, Sexuality and Gender
Social Work, Sexuality and Vulnerable Adults
Sexuality and Young People
Sexuality and Older People
Social Work with Sex Offenders
Sexuality in Social Work Training and Organizations
Conclusion
CHAPTER 1.7 Psychology and Social Work
The Biological Approach
The Behaviourist Approach
The Cognitive Approach
The Psychodynamic Approach
The Humanist Approach
Process of Social Work
Pitfalls of Drawing Exclusively upon Psychology
Potential
BOOK 2 The Human Life Cycle
CHAPTER 2.1 Infancy
Early Development
Social Cognition and Attachment Formation
Attachment Classifications
CHAPTER 2.2 Childhood
Dependency and Autonomy in Pre-School Children
Development of Social Understanding
Developing and Refining a Sense of Self
Conclusion
CHAPTER 2.3 Adolescence
Lifespan Theory as an Aid to Understanding Adolescence
Social Change
The Importance of the Family
Risk and Vulnerability
Antisocial Behaviour
The Promotion of Resilience
CHAPTER 2.4 Partnership and Parenting
CHAPTER 2.5 Late Life Ageing
BOOK 3 When Social Work is Needed
CHAPTER 3.1 Family Disruption and Relationship Breakdown
Children and Parental Separation
Giving Children a Voice
Interventions and Support
Conclusion
CHAPTER 3.2 Child Abuse
What is Child Abuse?
How Common is Child Abuse?
What Causes Child Abuse?
What are the Consequences for a Child of Abuse and Neglect?
How Should We Respond to Child Abuse?
CHAPTER 3.3 Domestic Violence
The Extent of the Problem
The Effects on Children
The Impact on Women
Social Work Responses to Domestic Violence
Future Directions
CHAPTER 3.4 Ill Health
Lifetime Damage
Service Users: At Risk
Ill Health: Unequal Treatment
Inequity when Dying
Social Work: Making it Worse?
Social Work: Making Things Better
Conclusion
CHAPTER 3.5 Physical Disability
Theoretical Frameworks
Practical Steps in Working with Physically Disabled Clients
Conclusion
CHAPTER 3.6 The Challenge of Later Life
Family Support
Divisions in Later Life
Reasons for Social Work with Older People
Conclusion
Chapter 3.7 Mental Illness
Social and Demographic Factors
Life Events
Chapter 3.8 Learning Disabilities in Adults
Theoretical Frameworks and Value Base
Legal and Policy Frameworks
Strategic Frameworks
Personalized Funding
Chapter 3.9 Alcohol or Other Drug Problems
Prevalence
Drug and Alcohol Use
The Importance of Social Work Involvement
Value Base
Challenges and Opportunities
Conclusion
Chapter 3.10 Modern Migration and the Creation of the Refugee
The UK Context
Asylum, Immigration and Welfare
BOOK 4 Social Work in Practice
Chapter 4.1 Social Work Practice and Relationship Breakdown
The Social Worker’s Use of ‘Self’
What Theoretical Perspectives May Help the Social Worker?
The Need for Caution
CHAPTER 4.2 Social Work Practice and Child Abuse
Defining and Identifying Child Abuse
Explaining Child Abuse
Responding to Child Abuse
Conclusion
CHAPTER 4.3 Social Work Practice and Domestic Violence
The Reality of Domestic Violence
A Proactive Inter-Agency Collaborative Approach
Identifying Domestic Violence and Prosecuting the Offenders
Supporting Victims
CHAPTER 4.4 Social Work Practice in Healthcare
The Primary Care Led National Health Service
Health-Related Social Work Provision
Hospital Social Work Provision
Healthcare Social Work with a Different Focus
Competing Objectives
CHAPTER 4.5 Social Work Practice and People with Physical and Sensory Impairments
The Social Work Task
Supporting the Task
Managing Direct Payments
Working with Disabled People and Their Families
Acknowledgements
CHAPTER 4.6 Social Work Practice and the Challenge of Later Life
Practice Example: Joyce
CHAPTER 4.7 Social Work Practice and Mental Illness
Community Mental Health Teams and the Provision of Services
Crisis Intervention Services
Assessing Risk and Working with Statutory Frameworks
Conclusion
CHAPTER 4.8 Social Work Practice and Learning Disabilities
Influences on Practice
Person-Centred Planning
Safeguarding
Towards Good Practice
CHAPTER 4.9 Social Work Practice, Alcohol and Other Drug Problems
Assessment
Intervention
Outcomes
Conclusion
CHAPTER 4.10 Social Work Practice, Asylum Seekers and Refugees
Switching Discourses
Social Work Responses
Good Practice
A Social Work Process with Asylum Seekers and Refugees
Conclusion
BOOK 5 Social Work’s Core Components
CHAPTER 5.1 Assessment, Intervention and Review
Social Work: Its Roles, Tasks and Purposes
A Systematic Model for Practice
What is Assessment?
What is Involved in Assessment?
How Do You Do it?
Intervention
Types, Models and Theories
How Do Social Workers Choose What to Use?
Review and Evaluation
Summary
CHAPTER 5.2 Care Management
Care Management and Community Care
The Process of Care Management
Values System Underpinning Care Management
Strengths of the Care Management Approach
Weaknesses and Critiques of the Care Management Approach
Concluding Discussion
CHAPTER 5.3 Risk Assessment and Risk Management
What is Risk?
Risk Assessment: Key Components
Risk Management
Conclusion
CHAPTER 5.4 Welfare Rights Practice
Social Work, Poverty and Welfare Rights
Social Work and Advocacy
Welfare Reform
The Importance of Welfare Rights Work
Some Examples of Welfare Rights Practice
Knowledge and Skills for Advocacy and Welfare Rights Practice
Conclusion
CHAPTER 5.5 Interviewing and Relationship Skills
Communication
Interviewing
Relationships and Relationship-Based Work
Counselling and Social Work: Some Differences
Counselling and Social Work: Some Similarities
Counselling and Social Work: The Relationship
An Overlapping Future
Conclusion
CHAPTER 5.6 Groupwork
Group Process
Different Kinds of Group and Groupwork
Group Purpose, Function and Outcomes
Life Course of a Planned Group
Life Course of Ongoing and Naturally Occurring Groups
Groupwork Now
CHAPTER 5.7 Ethics
Ethical Principles and Core Approaches
Ethics, Professionalism and Accountability
Codes of Ethics
The IFSW/IASSW Joint Statement on Ethical Principles
The Challenge of ‘Different’ Ethics in Diverse Societies
CHAPTER 5.8 The Law
What Law?
Where Does Law Come From?
Defining Social Work and Setting Professional Standards
Equality and Human Rights
Human Rights
Skills
Conclusion
Book 6 Social Work’s Theory Base
CHAPTER 6.1 Relating Theory to Practice
The Social Work Process
Theories for Social Work
Types of Theory
Theory and Practice in Social Context
Summary
CHAPTER 6.2 Twenty-Four Theories for Social Work
6.2.1 Anger Management
6.2.2 Anti-Oppressive Practice
6.2.3 Attachment Theory
6.2.4 Behaviourism
6.2.5 Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)
6.2.6 Crisis Theory
6.2.7 Critical Perspectives
6.2.8 Desistance
6.2.9 Theories of Empowerment
6.2.10 Family Practices
6.2.11 Feminist Theory
6.2.12 Maintenance Theory
6.2.13 Motivational Interviewing (MI)
6.2.14 Narrative Therapy
6.2.15 Person-Centred Practice
6.2.16 Psychodynamic Theory: The Essential Elements
6.2.17 Signs of Safety
6.2.18 Social Behaviour and Network Therapy
6.2.19 Social Constructionism
6.2.20 Social Pedagogy
6.2.21 Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT)
6.2.22 Strengths-Based/Resilience Theory
6.2.23 Systems Approaches
6.2.24 Task-Centred Practice
Legislation and Related Matters Index
Name Index
Subject Index
Praise for The Blackwell Companion to Social Work
‘Since its first appearance The Blackwell Companion to Social Work has never been off our recommended reading lists. It provides a comprehensive and in-depth “one-stop” for students, academics and practitioners seeking the most thoughtful contemporary insights to the complexities of modern social work practice. Look no further.’—Gary Clapton, University of Edinburgh
‘This book continues to be an important source of reference both for the discipline and the profession of social work. In its revised form, the book manages to keep pace with the rapid changes that are taking place in social work without sacrificing breadth or depth. It will prove an invaluable teaching tool and a reliable starting point for more sustained and detailed inquiry.’—Ian Butler, University of Bath
‘The new edition of this highly popular edited volume will undoubtedly ensure that it maintains its status as a must-have textbook for social worker students. The chapters within the volume are organised into six “books” – an indication of the breadth of issues covered. The reader will find updated material on key aspects of social work written by respected academics, writers and practitioners. Each chapter closes with three questions that focus on the core ideas contained within the chapter. These provide a helpful starting point for seminar or small group discussion. The comprehensiveness of the text has also been further developed with the inclusion of a collection of twenty-four papers that introduce theories and concepts central to the discipline of social work.’—Christine Jones, Durham University
For David Howe, whose creative career from doctoral student to theorist of renown I have been privileged to share
This edition first published 2013
© 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Edition History: Blackwell Publishers Ltd (1e, 1997); Blackwell Publishing Ltd (2e, 2002 and 3e, 2008)
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The Blackwell companion to social work / edited by Martin Davies. – Fourth Edition.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-118-45172-4 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Social service–Great Britain. I. Davies, Martin, 1936–
HV245.B53 2013
362.3'20941–dc23
2012042773
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Contributors
Graham Allan is Emeritus Professor of Sociology at Keele University.
Joy Barlow is Strategic Advisor (Scottish Training on Drugs and Alcohol) in the School of Education at Glasgow University.
Neil Bateman is an author, trainer and consultant who specializes in welfare rights and social policy issues.
Jane Boylan is Director of Social Work Studies, University of Keele.
Alison Brammer is Senior Lecturer in Law at Keele University.
Ian Buchanan is Lecturer in Social Work at the University of York.
Beverley Burke is Senior Lecturer in Social Work at Liverpool John Moores University.
Bec Buss is Tutor in Social Work at Ruskin College in Oxford and a Children and Families social worker.
Paul Bywaters is Professor of Social Work at the University of Coventry.
Siobhan Canavan is Lecturer in Counselling at the University of Edinburgh. She has a small private practice as a counsellor and counselling supervisor.
John Coleman is Senior Research Fellow in the Department of Education at Oxford University.
Viviene E. Cree is Professor of Social Work Studies at the University of Edinburgh.
Brigid Daniel is Professor of Social Work at the University of Stirling.
Martin Davies is Emeritus Professor of Social Work at the University of East Anglia, Norwich.
John Devaney is a Senior Lecturer in Social Work at Queen’s University Belfast.
Mark Doel is Emeritus Professor of Social Work in the Centre for Health and Social Care Research at Sheffield Hallam University.
Mark Drakeford is Professor of Social Policy and Applied Social Sciences at the University of Cardiff and an elected member of the National Assembly for Wales, where he chairs the Assembly’s Health and Social Services Committee.
James Evans is Senior Lecturer in Social Work, Liverpool John Moore’s University.
Benedict Fell is Lecturer in Social Work at the University of Hull.
Jan Fook is Professor and Director of the School of Social Work, Dalhousie University.
Sarah Galvani is Assistant Director of the Tilda Goldberg Centre for Social Work and Social Care at the University of Bedfordshire.
Ali Gardner is a Lecturer in Social Work at Manchester Metropolitan University.
Gillian Harris is Senior Lecturer in Applied Developmental Psychology at Birmingham University, and Consultant Clinical Psychologist at the Children’s Hospital, Birmingham.
Barbara Hatfield is Honorary Lecturer in Mental Health Social Work at the University of Manchester.
Debra Hayes is Senior Lecturer in Social Work at Manchester Metropolitan University.
David Howe is Emeritus Professor of Social Work at the University of East Anglia, Norwich.
Richard Hugman is Professor of Social Work at the University of New South Wales.
Cathy Humphreys is Professor of Social Work at the University of Melbourne.
Aisha Hutchinson is a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Tilda Goldberg Centre for Social Work and Social Care, University of Bedfordshire, and in Social Work Studies at the University of Southampton.
Peter Huxley is Professor of Social Work in the Mental Health Research Team at Swansea University.
Christine Jones is Lecturer in Social Work at the University of Durham.
Derek Jones is Senior Lecturer in Occupational Therapy at the University of Northumbria.
Robert Jordan is an independent Practice Teacher who works in Edinburgh.
Hazel Kemshall is Professor of Community and Criminal Justice at De Montfort University.
David Leadbetter is Director and Programme Coordinator at CALM Training Services Menstrie, Clackmannanshire.
Wulf Livingston is Senior Lecturer in Social Work at Glyndwr University.
Stephen Madigan is the Director of the Vancouver School for Narrative Therapy in Vancouver, Canada.
Deborah Marks is Honorary Senior Lecturer at the Northern School of Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy (Health Service and Leeds University) and a child psychotherapist in private practice.
Peter Marsh is Emeritus Professor of Child and Family Welfare, and Social Innovation Consultant, at the University of Sheffield.
Jess McCormack is a practising social worker and a part-time tutor at the Glasgow School of Social Work, University of Strathclyde.
Eileen McLeod is Emeritus Associate Professor in Social Work at the University of Warwick.
Audrey Mullender is Principal of Ruskin College, Oxford and Emeritus Professor in Social Work at the University of Warwick.
Jack Nathan is Lecturer in Social Work at the Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London.
Kwame Owusu-Bempah is Emeritus Reader in Psychology at Leicester University.
Jonathan Parker is Professor of Social Work and Social Policy at Bournemouth University.
Bridget Penhale is Reader in Mental Health and Older People at the University of East Anglia, Norwich.
Chris Phillipson is Professor of Sociology and Social Gerontology at the University of Manchester.
Ian Philp, CBE is Medical Director for South Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust and Honorary Professor of Health Care for Older People at the University of Warwick.
Seamus Prior is Director of Counselling and Psychotherapy at the University of Edinburgh.
Carol Robinson is a Strategic Adviser for Impact (short-breaks delivery partner for the DfE) and a freelance consultant in the field of learning disability.
Gillian Schofield is Professor of Child and Family Social Work and Co-Director of the Centre for Research on Children and Families at the University of East Anglia, Norwich.
Janet Seden was, until her retirement, Senior Lecturer in Social Work, Health and Social Care at the Open University.
Sandy Sieminski is Senior Lecturer in Social Work in the Faculty of Health and Social Care at the Open University.
Jackie Skinner is Social Worker in Mental Health in a Community Mental Health Team at Warrington.
Joe Smeeton is Lecturer in Social Work at the University of East Anglia.
Mark Smith is Senior Lecturer in Social Work at the University of Edinburgh.
Kirsten Stalker is Professor of Disability Studies in the Glasgow School of Social Work, University of Strathclyde.
Barbra Teater is Senior Lecturer in Social Work in the School of Policy Studies at the University of Bristol.
Jerry Tew is Senior Lecturer in Social Work at the University of Birmingham.
Pam Thomas is a freelance Disability Equality Researcher and Consultant and Honorary Research Fellow with the Centre for Disability Research at Lancaster University.
Janet Walker is Emeritus Professor of Family Policy at Newcastle University.
Simon Ward is Senior Lecturer in Social Work, Liverpool John Moore’s University.
Beth Weaver is Lecturer at the Glasgow School of Social Work, University of Strathclyde.
All authors write in a personal capacity. Their expressed views do not necessarily reflect the policy of their employers.
Introduction
The Blackwell Companion to Social Work, in its fourth edition, is significantly different from its predecessors. Of course, many of the excellent chapters that have earned the Companion its high reputation are still here in a revised and updated form.
But this time, major restructuring of the contents and the arrival of two new sections on Practice and Theory mean that the volume has been transformed into a collection of six ‘books’, each of modest length and each capable of being separately read in its own right. Together the six books provide a comprehensive review of all important aspects of the subject of social work.
Book 1 Social Work’s Psychosocial Framework
All professions or occupational groups work within a psychosocial context. But because social workers lay great emphasis on the need for a holistic approach to their work with service users, it is argued that there is a particular need for them to be fully aware of the framework that surrounds their work. In Book 1, authors with specialist knowledge and experience in seven different fields indicate how their world relates to and impacts upon social work practice.
Book 2 The Human Life Cycle
There are libraries full of journals and books that describe aspects of human life at different points in the life cycle from birth to death. Here we have five authors of international renown who discuss succinctly the current state of knowledge in regard to infancy, childhood, adolescence, partnership and parenting and late life ageing. Social workers, whatever their specialism, need to understand the realities of life at all ages, and the chapters in Book 2 give readers a fascinating insight into matters of central import to their daily duties.
Book 3 When Social Work is Needed
It is never easy to answer the question often put to social workers: ‘But what do you actually do?’ Book 3 makes a start on providing an answer to the question by outlining the fields of practice in which social workers are called upon to operate. The chapters describe ten areas of life in which social workers find themselves needed.
Book 4 Social Work in Practice
Having, in Book 3, pinpointed ten areas of need for social work, Book 4 focuses on the same ten fields; authors with extensive and detailed experience of working in these areas outline just what it is that social workers do in response. The chapters all contain practice examples, so that the reader can be left in no doubt about the nature of the task that social workers undertake on the ground.
Book 5 Social Work’s Core Components
Social work is not a unidimensional activity. Social workers use different skills and source different fields of knowledge in the course of their everyday work. In Book 5, eight ‘core components’ are identified, and the literature underpinning each of them is expertly explored and summarized by the contributors.
Book 6 Social Work’s Theory Base
It would be wrong to pretend that social work’s theory base is straightforward; it is not. But David Howe’s introductory chapter gives it a shape, and the 24 short chapters that follow provide a fascinating introduction to the theoretical framework that makes social work the rewarding vocation that it is.
In Conclusion
It is an enormous privilege to have been able to take this collection of chapters into a fourth edition – a privilege made all the more rewarding by the enthusiasm of all my authors. No editor could have asked for more from them. I particularly appreciate how, for this edition, they have risen to the challenge that I set them (and myself) of building strong bridges between the realities of practice and the nature of theoretical and empirical knowledge. As in any practice discipline, that is the only way in which true progress can be made. And I like to think that The Blackwell Companion to Social Work is not ‘just an introductory text for students’ (though it certainly is that) but that it also plays an active part in the continuing development of our practice discipline.
Martin Davies,
Norwich
BOOK 1
Social Work’s Psychosocial Framework
CHAPTER 1.1
Social Work and Society
Viviene E. Cree
Social work and society are caught in an intense and changing relationship. Just as social work seeks to influence society (and individuals and families within it), so society in its many guises seeks to control social work, by setting limits on what social workers can and should do. Social work is situated in the middle, pulled between the individual and society, the powerful and the excluded, negotiating, and at times in conflict, with both.
This chapter examines social work and society from the perspective of a history of social work in the United Kingdom. This does not presume that the United Kingdom is the only country which might offer insight into this topic. Instead, it is argued that the United Kingdom provides a useful case-study example for exploring the changing relationship between social work and society over time. Nor is it to suggest that this is the only ‘true’ history of social work in the United Kingdom. There are many possible ways of presenting history, and many voices which have often been excluded from social work histories, such as the voices of the many people who have used social work services. This account should therefore be regarded as one attempt to do justice to the histories of social work in the United Kingdom, demonstrating as it does the complexities and contradictions at the heart of the relationship between social work and society.
What is Social Work?
There have been many attempts to define social work in recent years. One definition is widely quoted:
The social work profession promotes social change, problem solving in human relationships and the empowerment and liberation of people to enhance well-being. Utilising theories of human behaviour and social systems, social work intervenes at the points where people interact with their environments. Principles of human rights and social justice are fundamental to social work.
(IFSW 2012, http://ifsw.org/policies/definition-of-social-work/, accessed 13 October, 2012)
This definition was negotiated and adopted at separate meetings of the International Federation of Social Workers (IFSW) and the International Association of Schools of Social Work (IASSW) in Montreal, Canada in July 2000, and then agreed as a joint definition in Copenhagen in May 2001. The definition has not been without its critics. For some, it is aspirational rather than practical; it tells us little about the realities of social work practice, especially in government agencies where the focus may be more on social control and safeguarding the public than on personal liberation. For others, it is seen as relying too heavily on ‘Western’ (or ‘Northern’?), developed-world ideas about rights and justice. Interestingly, the IFSW web site provides a rider to the definition: ‘It is understood that social work in the 21st century is dynamic and evolving, and therefore no definition should be regarded as exhaustive’ (http://ifsw.org/policies/definition-of-social-work/, accessed 13 October, 2012). This captures well the contested and changing nature of social work, as does the story of the historical development of social work.
As I argued in my first book, historical analyses demonstrate that social work has always been subject to competing claims of definition and practice; it is only by exploring some of the discourses within social work that we can begin to understand what social work is and what it might be (Cree, 1995, p. 1). Social work cannot be separated from society – we cannot explain or understand social work without locating it within society.
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