The Building Regulations E-Book

M. J. Billington

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 1787

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2017

Beschreibung

Since publication of the first edition in 1976, The Building Regulations: Explained and Illustrated has provided a detailed, authoritative, highly illustrated and accessible guide to the regulations that must be adhered to when constructing, altering or extending a building in England and Wales.

This latest edition has been fully revised throughout. Much of the content has been completely rewritten to cover the substantial changes to the Regulations since publication of the 13th edition,  to ensure it continues to provide the detailed guidance needed by all those concerned with building work, including architects, building control officers, Approved Inspectors, Competent Persons, building surveyors, engineers, contractors and students in the relevant disciplines.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Cover

Title Page

About the author

Preface to the fourteenth edition

Stop press

Acknowledgements

I: Legal and administrative

1 Building control: An overview

1.1 Introduction

1.2 The Building Act 1984

1.3 The linked powers

1.4 Building Regulations

1.5 Building Regulations: Exemptions

1.6 Dangerous structures, etc.

1.7 Other legislation

2 The Building Regulations and Approved Documents

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Division of the Regulations

2.3 Approved Documents

2.4 Definitions in the Regulations

2.5 Exempt buildings and work

2.6 Application of the Regulations

2.7 Regulation requirements

2.8 Schedule 1: Technical requirements

2.9 Relaxation of regulation requirements

2.10 Type relaxations

2.11 Continuing requirements

2.12 Testing and sampling

2.13 Testing and Commissioning

2.14 Unauthorised building work

2.15 Contravening works

3 Local authority control

3.1 Introduction

3.2 The local authority

3.3 Building notice procedure

3.4 Exemptions from the requirement to give a building notice or deposit full plans

3.5 Deposit of plans

3.6 Notice requirements

3.7 Completion certificate

4 Private certification

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Insurance requirements

4.3 Approval of inspectors

4.4 Approved persons and self‐certification by competent persons

4.5 Self‐certification schemes and the Approved Inspector

4.6 Independence of Approved Inspectors

4.7 Approval of public bodies

4.8 Private certification procedure

4.9 Plans certificates

4.10 Final certificates

4.11 Public body’s notices and certificates

4.12 Prescribed forms

5 Work under the supervision of a competent person

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Principles of self‐certification

5.3 Benefits of competent person schemes

5.4 Joining a competent person scheme

5.5 Legislative background

5.6 Building regulation requirements

5.7 Self‐assessment

5.8 Non‐notification

5.9 Regulation 20 applied to local authorities

5.10 Regulation 20 applied to Approved Inspectors

5.11 Approval of competent person schemes

II: Technical

6 Structural stability (Part A)

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Loading

6.3 Ground movement

6.4 Guidance on structural design in buildings of all types

6.5 Structural requirements in existing buildings subject to change of use

6.6 Design of structural members in houses and other small buildings

6.7 Buttressing walls, piers and chimneys

6.8 External wall cladding

6.9 Replacement of roof coverings

6.10 Disproportionate collapse

7 Part 7 – Fire(Part B)

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Terminology

7.3 Occupancy classifications: Purpose groups etc.

7.4 Rules for measurement

7.5 Means of warning and escape in case of fire

7.6 Means of escape

7.7 Interpretation of AD B1

7.8 General requirements for means of warning and escape

7.9 Rules for measurement for means of escape

7.10 Fire alarm and fire detection systems

7.11 Sprinkler systems

7.12 Means of escape in dwellinghouses

7.13 Flats and maisonettes

7.14 Means of escape from buildings other than dwellinghouses, flats and maisonettes

7.15 General recommendations common to all buildings except dwellinghouses

7.16 Alternative approach to the provision of means of escape in selected premises

7.17 Internal fire spread (linings)

7.18 Internal fire spread (structure)

7.19 Fire resistance and structural stability

7.20 Compartment walls and floors: Construction details

7.21 Concealed spaces (cavities)

7.22 Pipes, ventilation ducts and flues

7.23 Variations to the provisions of parts relating to B3 in the ADs

7.24 External fire spread

7.25 External walls

7.26 Special provisions relating to shopping complexes and buildings used as car parks

7.27 Shopping complexes

7.28 Access and facilities for the fire service

7.29 Firefighting and the use of insulating core panels for internal structures

7.30 Regulation 38: Provision of information

8 Materials, workmanship, site preparation and moisture exclusion (Part C)

8.1 Materials and workmanship

8.2 The influence of European standards

8.3 The Construction Products Regulations 2011

8.4 Materials and workmanship

8.5 Site preparation and moisture exclusion

9 Toxic substances (Part D)

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Cavity insulation

10 Sound insulation (Part E)

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Performance standards

10.3 Pre‐completion testing

10.4 Separating walls and their flanking constructions: New buildings

10.5 Separating floors and their flanking constructions: New buildings

10.6 Dwelling houses and flats formed by material change of use

10.7 Internal walls and floors for new buildings

10.8 Rooms for residential purposes

10.9 Robust Details: An alternative to pre‐completion testing

10.10 Reverberation in common parts of buildings

10.11 School acoustics

10.12 Calculation of sound transmission indices

10.13 The calculation of mass

10.14 Explanation of important terms

11 Ventilation (Part F)

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Definition and interpretation of terms

11.3 General principles

11.4 Part F: The requirements and their applicability

11.5 The ventilation of new dwellings

11.6 The ventilation of new buildings other than dwellings

11.7 Work on existing buildings

11.8 Performance‐based ventilation

11.9 Passive stack ventilation (PSV) system design

11.10 Ingress of external pollution

12 Sanitation, hot water safety and water efficiency (Part G)

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Definition and interpretation of terms

12.3 Part G1: Cold water supply

12.4 Part G2 and Regulation 36: Water efficiency

12.5 Part G3: Hot water supply and systems

12.6 Part G4: Sanitary conveniences and washing facilities

12.7 Part G5: Bathrooms

12.8 Part G6: Food preparation areas

13 Drainage and waste disposal (Part H)

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Repairs, alterations and discontinued use of drains and sewers

13.3 Sanitary pipework and drainage

13.4 Wastewater treatment systems and cesspools

13.5 Greywater and rainwater storage tanks

13.6 Rainwater drainage

13.7 Rainwater drainage below ground

13.8 Building over existing sewers

13.9 Separate systems of drainage

13.10 Solid waste storage

14 Combustion appliances and fuel storage systems (Part J)

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Interpretation

14.3 Rules for measurement

14.4 Checking the condition of combustion installations before use

14.5 Requirement J1: Air supply

14.6 Requirement J2: Discharge of products of combustion

14.7 Requirement J4: Protection of building against fire and heat

14.8 Repair and reuse of existing flues

14.9 Test methods

14.10 Requirement J5: Provision of information

14.11 Alternative means of compliance

14.12 Requirement J6: Protection of liquid fuel storage systems

14.13 Requirement J7: Protection against pollution

Useful addresses

15 Protection from falling, collision and impact (Part K)

15.1 Introduction

15.2 Stairways, ladders and ramps (K1)

15.3 Application

15.4 Interpretation

15.5 General recommendations for stairways and ramps

15.6 Stairway construction

15.7 Internal and external ramps which form part of a building

15.8 Guarding of stairways, ramps and landings

15.9 Access to maintenance areas

15.10 Alternative approach to stairway design

15.11 Protection from falling

15.12 Vehicle barriers and loading bays

15.13 Protection against impact (with glazing)

15.14 Protection from collision with open windows, skylights or ventilators

15.15 Manifestation of glazing

15.16 Safe use of windows, skylights and ventilators

15.17 Safe access for cleaning glazed surfaces

15.18 Generally

15.19 Safe use of doors

15.20 Sources of further guidance

16 Conservation of fuel and power (Part L)

16.1 Introduction

16.2 Definition and interpretation of terms

16.3 The Buildings Regulations 2010 relevant to Part L

16.4 Part L: Exemptions and relaxations from Part L

16.5 Part L: The requirement and general applicability

16.6 Approved Document L1A: Conservation of fuel and power in new dwellings

16.7 Part L1B: Conservation of fuel and power in existing dwellings

16.8 Part L2A: Conservation of fuel and power in new buildings other than dwellings

16.9 Part L2B: Conservation of fuel and power in existing buildings other than dwellings

16.10 U‐values

16.11 Part L 2010 Wales

16.12 References

17 Access to and use of buildings (Part M)

17.1 Introduction

17.2 Interpretation

17.3 Application

17.4 Volume 1: Dwellings

17.5 Volume 2: Buildings other than dwellings

17.6 Means of escape in case of fire

17.7 In conclusion

17.8 Sources of further guidance

18 Electrical safety (Part P)

18.1 Introduction

18.2 Requirement P1

18.3 Design and installation

18.4 Application of Part P

18.5 Certification, inspection and testing

18.6 Interpretation

19 Security (Part Q)

19.1 Introduction

19.2 Interpretation

19.3 Requirement Q1: Unauthorised access

19.4 Requirement Q1: Performance

19.5 Doors

19.6 Windows

19.7 Bespoke timber secure doorsets

Index

End User License Agreement

List of Tables

Chapter 02

Table 2.1 Requirements applicable according to material change of use.

Table 2.2 Current levels of fines for summary offences.

Chapter 05

Table 5.1 Schedule 3 – Self‐certification schemes and exemptions from requirement to give building notice or deposit full plans.

Table 5.2 Organisations referred to in

Schedule 3

, together with their contact details.

Table 5.3 Schedule 4 – Descriptions of work where no building notice or deposit of full plans is required.

Chapter 06

Table 6.1 Softwood floorboards (tongued and grooved).

Table 6.2 Declared compressive strength

*

of masonry units (bricks) complying with BS EN 771: Parts 1 to 5 (N/mm

2

).

Table 6.3 Normalised compressive strength of block masonry units (blocks) complying with BS EN 771: Parts 1 to 5 (N/mm

2

).

Chapter 07

Table 7.1 Floor space factors.

Table 7.2 Travel distance limitations.

Table 7.3 Widths of exits and escape routes.

Table 7.4 Minimum widths of escape stairs.

Table 7.5 Provision of escape lighting.

Table A6 Use and definitions of non‐combustible materials.

Table A7 Use and definitions of materials of limited combustibility.

Table A8 Typical performance ratings of some generic materials and products.

Table 7.6 Classification of linings.

Table 7.7 Limitations applied to thermoplastic rooflights and lighting diffusers in suspended ceilings and Class 3 plastic rooflights.

Table A1 Specific provisions of test for fire resistance of elements of structure, etc.

Table A2 Minimum periods of fire resistance.

Table A3 Limitations on fire‐protecting suspended ceilings (see Table A1, Note 4).

Table 12 Maximum dimensions of building or compartment (non‐residential buildings).

Table A4 Limitations on the use of uninsulated glazed elements on escape routes. (These limitations do not apply to glazed elements which satisfy the relevant insulation criterion; see Table A1.) (See BS 9999 for glazing to atria and refuges.)

Table 14 Maximum nominal internal diameter of pipes passing through a compartment wall/floor (see paragraph 10.5 et seq.).

Table 7.8 Limitations on external wall surfaces (all buildings).

Table 15 Permitted unprotected areas in small buildings or compartments.

Table 7.9 Permitted unprotected percentages in relation to enclosing rectangles.

Table 7.10 Multiplication factors for aggregate notional area.

Table 19 Fire service vehicle access to buildings (excluding blocks of flats) not fitted with fire mains.

Table 20 Typical vehicle access route specification.

Table 7.11 Provision of firefighting shafts in buildings.

Table 7.12 Insulating core panels: specification of core materials by application.

Chapter 10

Table 10.1 Performance standards for separating walls, separating floors and stairs that have a separating function.

Table 10.2 Requirements for a ‘set of tests’ between different types of dwelling places.

Table 10.3 Types and examples of solid masonry separating wall constructions.

Table 10.4 Types of cavity masonry separating wall constructions.

Table 10.5 Examples of cavity masonry separating wall constructions which provide the required mass per unit area.

Table 10.6 Types and examples of masonry with independent panels separating wall constructions.

Table 10.7 One type of framed wall with absorbent material.

Table 10.8 Construction procedures relating to the sound insulation of separating walls.

Table 10.9 Ceiling treatments for separating wall constructions.

Table 10.10 Examples of concrete base with ceiling and soft covering floor constructions.

Table 10.11 Alternative types of floating floors as described in the Approved Document.

Table 10.12 Examples of concrete base with ceiling and floating floor constructions.

Table 10.13 Example of timber frame base with ceiling and platform floor.

Table 10.14 Construction procedures relating to the sound insulation of separating floors.

Table 10.15 Construction form of Wall Treatment 1.

Table 10.16 Construction form of Floor Treatment 1.

Table 10.17 Construction form of Floor Treatment 2.

Table 10.18 Construction form of stair treatment.

Table 10.19 Construction procedures relating to material change of use.

Table 10.20 Internal walls Type A and B.

Table 10.21 Internal walls Type C and D.

Table 10.22 Internal floors Type A and B.

Table 10.23 Internal floor Type C.

Table 10.24 Example of the information given in a Plot Registration Form.

Table 10.25 Limiting dimensions of common areas.

Table 10.26 Sound absorption classes defined in EN ISO 11654:1997.

Table 10.27 Total absorption areas for common areas using Method B.

Table 10.28 Copy of Table 7.1 from Approved Document E providing absorption coefficients for commonly used materials.

Chapter 11

Table 11.1 Minimum extract ventilation rates.

Table 11.2 Minimum whole building ventilation rates.

Table 11.3a Default option – guidance for a dwelling with any air permeability figure.

Table 11.3b Alternative option – guidance for a dwelling with a design air permeability greater than 5 m

3

/h.m

2

at 50 Pa and a measured air permeability greater than 3 m

3

/h.m

2

.

Table 11.4 Minimum dimensions for passive stack ventilators.

Table 11.5 Sources of performance test methods.

Table 11.6 Minimum ventilation extract rates.

Table 11.7 Sources of guidance for other building types.

Table 11.8 Minimum background ventilation provision.

Table 11.9 Maximum concentrations of pollutants – dwellings.

Table 11.10 Assumptions used in applying performance criteria to dwellings.

Table 11.11 Maximum concentrations of pollutants – buildings other than dwellings.

Table 11.12 Assumptions used in applying performance criteria to offices.

Chapter 12

Table 12.1 Part G.

Table 12.2 Requirement G1: Cold water supply.

Table 12.3 Guidance on the use of alternative water sources.

Table 12.4 Part G2 and Regulation 36.

Table 12.5 Maximum fittings consumption: 125 litres per person per day.

Table 12.6 Maximum fittings consumption: 110 litres per person per day.

Table 12.7 Part G3: Hot water supply and systems.

Table 12.8 Related safety requirements.

Table 12.9 Additional safety requirements.

Table 12.10 Requirements for temperature and pressure relief devices.

Table 12.11 Standards and guidance for electric and solar water heating.

Table 12.12 Discharge from safety devices: component requirements.

Table 12.13 Sizing of discharge pipe D2 for copper.

Table 12.14 Part G4: Sanitary conveniences and washing facilities.

Table 12.15 Part G5.

Table 12.16 Part G6.

Chapter 13

Table 13.1 Appliance flow rates.

Table 5 Flow rates from dwellings.

Table 13.2 Minimum dimensions of branch pipes and traps.

Table 2 Common branch discharge pipes (unventilated).

Table 3 Minimum diameters for discharge stacks.

Table 4 Materials for sanitary pipework.

Table C1

Table 10 Limits of cover for thermoplastics (nominal ring stiffness SN4) pipes in any width of trench.

Table 6 Recommended minimum gradients for foul drains.

Table 7 Materials for below‐ground gravity drainage.

Table 11 Minimum dimensions for access fittings and chambers.

Table 12 Minimum dimensions for manholes.

Table 13.3 Likely percolation characteristics of different soil types.

Table 13.4 Pipe sizes and minimum gradients.

Chapter 14

Table 1 Air supply to solid fuel appliances.

Table 14.1 Supply of combustion air to flued decorative fuel effect fires.

Table 14.2 Supply of combustion air to gas appliance installations (other than DFE fires or flueless appliances).

Table 14.3 Ventilation of flueless gas appliances.

Table 14.4 Supply of combustion air to oil‐fired appliance installations.

Table 2 Size of flues in chimneys.

Table 6 Minimum performance designations for chimney and flue pipe components for use with new gas appliances.

Table 5 Size of flues for gas‐fired appliances.

Table 8 Minimum performance designations for chimneys and flue pipe components for use with new oil‐fired appliances with flue gas temperature less than 250°C.

Chapter 15

Table 15.1 Annealed glass – thickness/dimension limits.

Chapter 16

Table 16.1 Building classes.

Table 16.2 Fuel CO

2

emission and primary energy factor adjustments, EFA, for some common fuels.

Table 16.3 Schedule 3 – Self‐certification schemes and exemptions from requirement to give building notice or deposit full plans.

Table 16.4 Schedule 2B – Descriptions of work where no building notice or deposit of full plans is required.

Table 16.5 Schedule 1 – Part L conservation of fuel and power.

Table 16.6 List of Approved Documents.

Table 16.7 Approved calculation tools for dwelling.

Table 16.8 Reference values for TER calculation.

Table 16.9 The fuel factor FF for the most common fuels.

Table 16.10 Limiting U‐values – dwellings.

Table 16.11 U‐values for party walls.

Table 16.12 Threshold values for alerting particular attention, AD L1A.

Table 16.13 U‐value standards.

Table 16.14 The CO

2

emission factors for various fuels.

Table 16.15 Window Energy Rating Bands, WER.

Table 16.16 Approved Part L 2013 calculation tools for buildings other than dwellings.

Table 16.17 Reference specification for the notional building.

Table 16.18 Adjustment factors for management and control features.

Table 16.19 TER multiplying factors for modular and portable buildings.

Table 16.20 Maximum permissible fabric U‐values.

Table 16.21 Possible exemptions from pressure testing.

Table 16.22 Reference specifications for evaluating criterion 3, solar gain limit.

Table 16.23 Ductwork pressure classes.

Table 16.24 Threshold values for alerting particular attention, AD L2A.

Table 16.25 Normal maximum areas of openings in an extension.

Table 16.26 U‐values for new, replacement and upgraded elements.

Table 16.27 Improvements that have a simple payback of 15 years or less, and are practical.

Table 16.28 Criteria for demonstrating the adequacy of improvements to solar control measures.

Table 16.29 Summary of maximum permitted U‐values.

Table 16.30 Measurement methods for building elements.

Table 16.31 Calculation methods for building components.

Table 16.32 Correction factors for air gaps.

Table 16.33 Extra thermal resistance due to unheated spaces – garages.

Table 16.34 Thermal resistance of unheated spaces – various.

Table 16.35 Thermal data for cavity wall.

Table 16.36 Calculation of the upper resistance limit, cavity wall.

Table 16.37 Calculation of the lower resistance limit, cavity wall.

Table 16.38 Thermal data for timber‐framed wall.

Table 16.39 Calculation of the upper resistance limit, timber‐framed wall.

Table 16.40 Calculation of the lower resistance limit, timber‐framed wall.

Table 16.41 U‐values for solid ground floors.

Table 16.42 Edge insulation factors for solid ground floors.

Table 16.43 U‐values for uninsulated suspended ground floors.

Table 16.44 Insulation thicknesses for upper floors.

Table 16.45 Single glazing U‐values for windows, rooflights and doors.

Table 16.46 Double glazing indicative U‐values for windows and rooflights, W/m

2

.K.

Table 16.47 Triple glazing indicative U‐values for windows and rooflights, W/m

2

.K.

Table 16.48 Corrections for metal frames with various thermal breaks.

Table 16.49 Correction for inclination to glazing U‐values.

Table 16.50 Linear thermal transmittance values for accredited construction details and default values for non‐accredited details.

Table 16.51 Thermal conductivity and density of common building materials.

List of Illustrations

Chapter 01

Fig. 1.1 Building control: the legislative scheme.

Chapter 02

Fig. 2.1 Flat – regulation 2.

Fig. 2.2 Floor area and height – regulation 2.

Chapter 03

Fig. 3.1 Local authority supervision.

Fig. 3.2 The full plans procedure.

Chapter 04

Fig. 4.1 Private certification procedure.

Fig. 4.2 Typical initial notice.

Chapter 06

Fig. 6.1 Notches (a) and holes (b) in floor and roof joists.

Fig. 6.2 Building design requirements for residential buildings not exceeding three storeys in height.

Fig. 6.3 Building design requirements for small non‐residential buildings and annexes.

Fig. 6.4 Rules for measurement, 2C17, 2C18: (a) storey heights, (b) wall height and (c) wall length.

Fig. 6.5 Compressive strengths of masonry units.

Fig. 6.6 Buttressing walls.

Fig. 6.7 Piers and chimneys.

Fig. 6.8 Loading requirements: (a) floor span, (b) lateral thrust and (c) vertical loading.

Fig. 6.9 Openings and recesses.

Fig. 6.10 Chases.

Fig. 6.11 Overhanging.

Fig. 6.12 Lateral support for roof.

Fig. 6.13 Floor lateral support: (a) joists parallel to supported wall, (b) joists at right angles to supported wall, (c) restraint‐type joist hanger, (d) concrete floor and (e) internal wall restraint.

Fig. 6.14 Interruption of lateral support.

Fig. 6.15 Thickness of solid external, compartment and separating walls (see Table 3).

Fig. 6.16 Cavity walls.

Fig. 6.17 Height of parapet walls: (a) solid parapet walls and (b) cavity parapet walls.

Fig. 6.18 Small buildings and annexes – lateral restraint at roof level.

Fig. 6.19 Small buildings and annexes – design of openings, piers and columns.

Fig. 6.20 External part of chimneys, 2D1.

Fig. 6.21 Strip foundations of plain concrete: (a) plain strip foundation and (b) strip foundation with footing.

Chapter 07

Fig. 7.1 Basement storey.

Fig. 7.2 Division of buildings into compartments.

Fig. 7.3 Elements of structure.

Fig. 7.4 Steeply pitched roofs.

Fig. 7.5 Notional boundary.

Fig. 7.6 Relevant boundary.

Fig. 7.7 Number of storeys and separating parts.

Fig. 7.8 (a) Recessed car parking area. (b) Unprotected area which may be disregarded in assessing separation distance from the boundary.

Fig. 7.9 (a) Rules for measurement – height. (b) Rules of measurement – area. (c) Rules of measurement – cubic capacity. (d) Rules of measurement – free area of smoke ventilators.

Fig. 7.10 Door width measurement.

Fig. 7.11 Windows and doors for escape purposes.

Fig. 7.12 Enclosed gardens or yards suitable for escape purposes.

Fig. 7.13 Alternative arrangements for final exits.

Fig. 7.14 Fire separation in houses with more than one floor over 4.5 m above ground level.

Fig. 7.15 (a) Flat where all habitable rooms have direct access to an entrance hall. (b) Flat with restricted travel distance from furthest point from entrance. (c) Flat with alternative exit but where all habitable rooms have no direct access to an entrance hall.

Fig. 7.16 (a) Maisonette with alternative exits from each habitable room, except the entrance hall. (b) Maisonette with protected entrance hall and landing.

Fig. 7.17 (a) Flats served by one common stair. (b) Lobby access dwellings.

Fig. 7.18 Common escape route in small single‐stair buildings.

Fig. 7.19 Flats served by more than one common stair.

Fig. 7.20 Dwellings with balcony or deck approach.

Fig. 7.21 External escape stairs to dwellings.

Fig. 7.22 Alternative escape routes.

Fig. 7.23 Dead‐end situations – single storey layout.

Fig. 7.24 Merging flows at exits.

Fig. 7.25 Corridor layout; building with central core.

Fig. 7.26 Open connections.

Fig. 7.27 Escape corridors.

Fig. 7.28 Stair capacity for simultaneous evacuation – 1000 mm wide stair.

Fig. 7.29 Minimum width of stairs for phased evacuation.

Fig. 7.30 External protection.

Fig. 7.31 External protection – protected stairway projecting beyond façade.

Fig. 7.32 Refuge formed by compartmentation

Fig. 7.33 Refuge formed within protected staircase.

Fig. 7.34 Progressive horizontal evacuation in care homes.

Fig. 7.35 Maximum travel distance in small two‐ or three‐storey premises with a single stair to each unit.

Fig. 7.36 Maximum travel distance in a small two‐storey premises with a single open stair.

Fig. 7.37 Maximum travel distance in a small three‐storey unit premises with a single stair to each storey.

Fig. 7.38 Lighting diffuser in relation to ceiling.

Fig. 7.39 (a) Layout restrictions for Class 3 plastic rooflights, Tb(b) rooflights and Tb(b) lighting diffusers. (b) Layout restrictions for small Class 3 plastic rooflights, Tb(b) rooflights and Tb(b) lighting diffusers.

Fig. 7.40 Separation between garage and dwellinghouse.

Fig. 7.41 Junction of compartment wall with roof.

Fig. 7.42 Gallery floor without alternative exit.

Fig. 7.43 Uninsulated glazed screen separating protected shaft from lobby or corridor.

Fig. 7.44 Protected shafts.

Fig. 7.45 Provision for cavity barriers.

Fig. 7.46 Cavity wall excluded from provisions for cavity barriers.

Fig. 7.47 Fire‐resisting ceiling below concealed space.

Fig. 7.48 Cavity barriers in double‐skin insulated roof sheets.

Fig. 7.49 Pipes penetrating structure.

Fig. 7.50 Penetration of structure by pipes.

Fig. 7.51 External walls – special provisions for assembly and recreation buildings.

Fig. 7.52 Combustible claddings.

Fig. 7.53 Permitted unprotected areas in small residential buildings.

Fig. 7.54 Enclosing rectangles.

Fig. 7.55 Determination of maximum unprotected area for given boundary position.

Fig. 7.56 Nearest position to boundary for a given building design.

Fig. 7.57 Enclosing rectangles – effects of compartmentation.

Fig. 7.58 Aggregate notional area.

Fig. 7.59 Aggregate notional area protractor.

Fig. 7.60 The effect of a canopy on separation distance.

Fig. 7.61 Firefighting shaft and components.

Fig. 7.62 Calculation of perimeter.

Fig. 7.63 Overhead obstructions – access dimensions for high‐reach appliances.

Fig. 7.65 Firefighting shaft provision.

Fig. 7.66 Construction of smoke outlets.

Fig. 7.64 Turning circle restrictions.

Chapter 08

Fig. 8.1 Source–pathway–receptor – typical site conceptual model.

Fig. 8.2 Resistance to contaminants – risk assessment stages.

Fig. 8.3 Basic protection against radon.

Fig. 8.4 Additional protection against radon.

Fig. 8.5 Landfill gas protection details. (a) Beam and block floor with open void. (b) In situ slab with EPS void former. (c) Raft foundation with membrane on top of slab.

Fig. 8.6 Subsoil drainage. (a) Single subsoil drain. (b) Interception of multiple subsoil drains.

Fig. 8.7 Floors – general guidance.

Fig. 8.8 Ground‐supported floor.

Fig. 8.9 Suspended timber floor.

Fig. 8.10 Suspended concrete ground floors.

Fig. 8.11 Protection of walls against moisture from the ground.

Fig. 8.12 Weather resistance of external walls – principles. (a) Solid external wall. (b) Impervious cladding. (c) Weather‐resistant cladding. (d) Cavity wall.

Fig. 8.13 Solid external walls – moisture exclusion.

Fig. 8.14 Weather resistance and insulation of external walls. (a) Internal insulation. (b) Partially filled cavity. (c) External insulation. (d) Fully filled cavity. (e) Brick‐clad timber‐framed wall. (f) Tile‐clad timber‐framed wall.

Fig. 8.15 Example of checked rebate window reveal detail – areas of severe or very severe exposure to driving rain.

Fig. 8.16 Accessible threshold – exposed areas.

Fig. 8.17 Roof void ventilation – roofs pitched at 15° or more.

Fig. 8.18 Roof void ventilation – roofs pitched at less than 15°. A free airspace of at least 50 mm should be provided between the roof deck and the insulation. This may need to be formed using counter‐battens if the joists run at right angles to the flow of air (see Fig. 8.18). Where it is not possible to provide proper cross‐ventilation, an alternative form of roof construction should be considered. It is possible to install vapour checks (called vapour control layers in BS 5250) at ceiling level using polythene or foil‐backed plasterboard to reduce the amount of moisture reaching the roof void. This is not acceptable as an alternative to ventilation unless a complete vapour barrier is installed.

Chapter 10

Fig. 10.1 Requirements for protection against sound between dwelling places.

Fig. 10.2 Requirements for protection against sound within dwelling places.

Fig. 10.3 Wall Types 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3.

Fig. 10.4 Provision of a flexible cavity stop at the junction of a Type 1, 2 or 3 separating wall and an external cavity wall.

Fig. 10.5 Junctions between separating wall and other masonry walls.

Fig. 10.6 Conditions for concrete floors to pass through Type 1 separating walls.

Fig. 10.7 Roof junction using wall Type 1, assuming roof space is not a habitable room.

Fig. 10.8 Junctions of cavity separating walls.

Fig. 10.9 Conditions for concrete floors and Type 2 separating walls.

Fig. 10.10 Roof junction using wall Type 2, assuming roof space is not a habitable room.

Fig. 10.11 Junctions using Type 3 separating walls.

Fig. 10.12 Roof junction using wall Type 3.1 or 3.2, assuming roof space is not a habitable room.

Fig. 10.13 Details of timber‐framed separating wall with absorbent infill.

Fig. 10.14 Alternative types of floor construction.

Fig. 10.15 Alternative ceiling treatments.

Fig. 10.16 Details of junctions between Type 1 and 2 separating floors and external cavity walls.

Fig. 10.17 Details of junctions between Type 1 separating floors and Type 1 and 2 separating walls.

Fig. 10.18 Alternative floating floor constructions.

Fig. 10.19 Details of functions between Type 2 separating floors and Type 1 and 2 separating walls.

Fig. 10.20 Details of junctions between Type 2 separating floors and Type 3 separating walls.

Fig. 10.21 Construction form of floor Type 3.1A.

Fig. 10.22 Construction form of Wall Treatment 1.

Fig. 10.23 Construction details of Floor Treatment 1 showing junction with Wall Treatment 1.

Fig. 10.24 Construction details of Floor Treatment 2 showing junction with Wall Treatment 1.

Fig. 10.25 Stair treatment assuming an under stair cupboard.

Fig. 10.26 Internal floors Type A, B and C.

Fig. 10.27 Ceiling void/roof space detail – rooms for residential purposes only.

Fig. 10.28 Entrance hall relating to example question.

Fig. 10.29 Measurement of airborne sound insulation.

Fig. 10.30 Measurement of impact sound transmission.

Fig. 10.31 Coordinating area used for calculation of mass per unit area.

Fig. 10.32 Beam and block floor.

Chapter 11

Fig. 11.1 System 1 – Background ventilators and intermittent extract fans.

Fig. 11.2 Single‐sided ventilation.

Fig. 11.3 System 2 – Passive stack ventilation.

Fig. 11.4 System 3 – Continuous mechanical extract.

Fig. 11.5 System 4 – Continuous mechanical supply and extract with heat recovery.

Fig. 11.6 Purge ventilation – calculation of opening area.

Fig. 11.7 Ventilation of an interior room through a habitable room.

Fig. 11.8 Ventilation of an interior room through a conservatory.

Chapter 12

Fig. 12.1 Unvented hot water system warning label.

Fig. 12.2 Discharge pipe arrangement.

Fig. 12.3 Separation between WC and food preparation area.

Chapter 13

Fig. 13.1 Definitions.

Fig. 13.2 Single stack system: design limits.

Fig. 13.3 Branch ventilating pipes.

Fig. 13.4 Connection of lowest branch to discharge stack.

Fig. 13.5 Provision of discharge stacks to ground floor appliances. (a) Up to five storeys, (b) 6 to 20 storeys and (c) over 20 storeys.

Fig. 13.6 Avoidance of cross flows in discharge stacks.

Fig. 13.7 Ground floor connections for water closets and gullies.

Fig. 13.8 Termination of discharge stacks.

Fig. 13.9 Stub stacks.

Fig. 13.10 Bedding classes for rigid pipes.

Fig. 13.11 Bedding for flexible pipes.

Fig. 13.12 Special protection to pipes.

Fig. 13.13 Access points.

Fig. 13.14 Drains passing through foundations.

Fig. 13.15 Drain trenches.

Fig. 13.16 Septic tank.

Fig. 13.17 Septic tank: typical maintenance notice.

Fig. 13.18 Septic tank: typical maintenance notice.

Fig. 13.19 Percolation test method.

Fig. 13.20 Drainage field.

Fig. 13.21 Drainage mound details.

Fig. 13.22 Typical vertical flow reed bed treatment system.

Fig. 13.23 Typical horizontal flow reed bed.

Fig. 13.24 Constructed wetland: typical maintenance notice.

Fig. 13.25 Cesspools.

Fig. 13.26 Cesspool: typical maintenance notice.

Fig. 13.27 Building over sewers.

Fig. 13.28 Refuse chutes.

Chapter 14

Fig. 14.1 Interpretation – chimneys and flues.

Fig. 14.2 Interpretation – gas fires. (a) Decorative fuel effect (DFE) fire, (b) inset live fuel effect (ILFE) fire and (c) radiant convector gas fire.

Fig. 14.3 Types of combustion installation.

Fig. 14.4 Example locations of permanent air vent openings.

Fig. 14.5 Free area of ventilators.

Fig. 14.6 Configuration of natural draught flues serving open‐flued appliances.

Fig. 14.7 Access for inspection and cleaning.

Fig. 14.8 Calculating fireplace opening.

Fig. 14.9 Flue outlets – appliances burning solid fuel.

Fig. 14.10 Flue outlets from solid fuel appliances above easily ignitable roof surfaces.

Fig. 14.11 Hearths for appliances burning solid fuel.

Fig. 14.12 Appliances burning solid fuel – superimposed hearths.

Fig. 14.13 Positioning of appliances burning solid fuel.

Fig. 14.14 Fireplace recesses – appliances burning solid fuel.

Fig. 14.15 Lining and fireplace components to open fireplace burning solid fuel.

Fig. 14.16 Masonry and flue block chimneys – wall thicknesses.

Fig. 14.17 Proximity of combustible materials – appliances burning solid fuel.

Fig. 14.18 Connecting the flue pipes for appliances burning solid fuel.

Fig. 14.19 Protection of combustible materials next to uninsulated flue pipes for appliances burning solid fuel.

Fig. 14.20 Hearths for appliances burning gas.

Fig. 14.21 Hearths for decorative fuel effect (DFE) and inset live fuel effect (ILFE) fires burning gas.

Fig. 14.22 Shielding of appliances burning gas.

Fig. 14.23 Placing and shielding of flues from combustible materials – appliances burning gas.

Fig. 14.24 Separation of LPG tank from firewall which is part of a building.

Fig. 14.25 Separation of LPG tank from building boundary or fixed source of ignition with and without firewall.

Fig. 14.26 Location and separation of LPG cylinders.

Chapter 15

Fig. 15.1 Rise and going.

Fig. 15.2 General requirements.

Fig. 15.3 Length of flights.

Fig. 15.4 Tapered treads.

Fig. 15.5 Reduced headroom over stairs – loft conversions.

Fig. 15.6 Alternating tread stairs.

Fig. 15.7 Minimum height of guarding in all buildings.

Fig. 15.8 Vehicle barriers – any building.

Fig. 15.9 Vehicle loading bays.

Fig. 15.10 Internal and external walls – critical locations.

Fig. 15.11 Small panes and permanent screen protection.

Fig. 15.12 Marking projections – barriers and ground features.

Fig. 15.13 Manifestation of large glazed areas (internal and external).

Fig. 15.14 Typical safe reaches for cleaning windows.

Fig. 15.15 Ladder access to cleaning windows. (

Note:

Since designers will need to relate the length of access ladders to window sill heights, the maximum sill heights from ground level are shown for both 6 m and 9 m ladders.)

Chapter 16

Fig. 16.1 New dwellings – the five criteria.

Fig. 16.2 New non‐dwellings – the five criteria.

Fig. 16.3 Resistances in series (a) and in parallel (b).

Fig. 16.4 Brick and blockwork cavity wall.

Fig. 16.5 Brick and blockwork cavity wall – upper resistance limit.

Fig. 16.6 Brick and blockwork cavity wall – lower resistance limit.

Fig. 16.7 Timber frame wall.

Fig. 16.8 Timber frame wall – upper resistance limit.

Fig. 16.9 Timber frame wall – lower resistance limit.

Fig. 16.10 Solid floor in contact with the ground.

Fig. 16.11 Edge insulation of solid ground floors.

Fig. 16.12 Suspended timber ground floor.

Fig. 16.13 Suspended concrete ground floor.

Fig. 16.14 Solid ground floor.

Chapter 17

Fig. 17.1 Measuring clear opening width for internal and external doors.

Fig. 17.2 Minimum doors and hall widths and obstructions.

Fig. 17.3 WC access area.

Fig. 17.4 Compliant WC/cloakrooms in dwellings.

Fig. 17.5 Access to the building.

Fig. 17.6 Tactile paving. (a) Corduroy paving used at the top of steps (see Fig. 17.5). (b) Modified blister paving used at carriageway crossings.

Fig. 17.7 Designated parking bay.

Fig. 17.8 Entrance doors and lobbies. (a) Right‐angled lobby, (b) straight lobby (single‐leaf doors), (c) straight lobby (double leaf doors) and (d) elevation (single‐leaf door).

Fig. 17.9 Lift (suitable for use by disabled people).

Fig. 17.10 Refreshment facilities (suitable for use by disabled people).

Fig. 17.11 Guest bedroom (hotels and motels).

Fig. 17.12 WC for ambulant disabled people.

Fig. 17.13 WC for wheelchair users.

Guide

Cover

Table of Contents

Begin Reading

Pages

iii

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xvi

xvii

1

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.8

1.9

1.10

1.11

1.12

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.7

2.8

2.9

2.10

2.11

2.12

2.13

2.14

2.15

2.16

2.17

2.18

2.19

2.20

2.21

2.22

2.23

2.24

2.25

2.26

2.27

2.28

2.29

2.30

2.31

2.32

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.5

3.6

3.7

3.8

3.9

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4

4.5

4.6

4.7

4.8

4.9

4.10

4.11

4.12

4.13

4.14

4.15

4.16

4.17

4.18

4.19

4.20

4.21

5.1

5.2

5.5

5.6

5.7

5.8

5.9

5.10

5.11

5.12

5.13

5.14

5.15

5.16

1

6.1

6.2

6.3

6.4

6.5

6.6

6.7

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6.9

6.10

6.11

6.12

6.13

6.14

6.15

6.16

6.17

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6.20

6.21

6.22

6.23

6.24

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6.28

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6.31

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6.55

6.56

7.1

7.2

7.3

7.4

7.5

7.6

7.15

7.7

7.8

7.9

7.10

7.11

7.12

7.13

7.14

7.16

7.17

7.18

7.19

7.20

7.21

7.22

7.23

7.24

7.25

7.26

7.27

7.28

7.29

7.30

7.31

7.32

7.33

7.34

7.36

7.37

7.38

7.39

7.40

7.41

7.42

7.43

7.44

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7.60

7.61

7.62

7.63

7.64

7.66

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7.73

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7.80

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7.113

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7.115

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7.120

7.121

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7.128

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7.135

7.136

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7.139

7.141

7.142

7.143

7.144

7.145

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7.149

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7.154

7.155

7.156

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7.185

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7.196

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7.217

7.218

8.1

8.2

8.3

8.4

8.5

8.6

8.7

8.8

8.9

8.10

8.11

8.12

8.13

8.14

8.15

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8.21

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8.60

8.61

9.1

9.2

10.1

10.2

10.3

10.4

10.5

10.6

10.7

10.8

10.9

10.10

10.11

10.12

10.13

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11.1

11.2

11.3

11.4

11.5

11.6

11.7

11.8

11.9

11.10

11.11

11.12

11.13

11.14

11.15

11.16

11.17

11.18

11.19

11.20

11.21

11.22

11.23

11.24

11.25

11.26

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11.28

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11.31

11.32

11.33

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11.47

12.1

12.2

12.3

12.4

12.5

12.6

12.7

12.8

12.9

12.10

12.11

12.12

12.13

12.14

12.15

12.16

12.17

12.18

12.19

12.20

12.21

12.22

12.23

12.24

12.25

12.26

12.27

12.28

13.1

13.2

13.3

13.4

13.5

13.6

13.7

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13.9

13.10

13.11

13.12

13.13

13.14

13.15

13.16

13.17

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13.19

13.20

13.21

13.22

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13.25

13.26

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13.31

13.32

13.33

13.34

13.35

13.36

13.37

13.38

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13.40

13.41

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13.55

13.56

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13.59

13.60

13.61

13.62

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13.75

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13.77

14.1

14.2

14.3

14.4

14.5

14.6

14.7

14.8

14.9

14.10

14.11

14.12

14.13

14.14

14.15

14.16

14.17

14.18

14.19

14.20

14.21

14.22

14.23

14.24

14.25

14.26

14.27

14.28

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14.30

14.31

14.32

14.33

14.34

14.35

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14.37

14.38

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14.61

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14.80

15.1

15.2

15.3

15.4

15.5

15.6

15.7

15.8

15.9

15.10

15.11

15.12

15.13

15.14

15.15

15.16

15.17

15.18

15.19

15.20

15.21

15.22

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15.25

15.26

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15.29

15.30

16.1

16.2

16.3

16.4

16.5

16.6

16.7

16.8

16.9

16.10

16.11

16.12

16.13

16.14

16.15

16.16

16.17

16.18

16.19

16.20

16.21

16.22

16.23

16.24

16.25

16.26

16.27

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16.31

16.32

16.33

16.34

16.35

16.36

16.37

16.38

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16.40

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16.42

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16.55

16.56

16.57

16.58

16.59

16.60

16.61

16.62

16.63

16.64

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16.66

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16.72

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16.75

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16.82

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16.90

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16.92

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16.100

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16.106

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17.1

17.2

17.3

17.4

17.5

17.6

17.7

17.8

17.9

17.10

17.11

17.12

17.13

17.14

17.15

17.16

17.17

17.18

17.19

17.20

17.21

17.22

17.23

17.24

17.25

17.26

17.27

17.28

17.29

17.30

17.31

17.32

17.33

17.34

17.35

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17.37

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18.1

18.2

18.3

18.4

18.5

18.6

18.7

18.8

18.9

19.1

19.2

19.3

19.4

19.5

19.6

19.7

19.8

I.1

I.2

I.3

I.4

I.5

I.6

I.7

I.8

I.9

I.10

I.11

I.12

I.13

THE BUILDING REGULATIONS

EXPLAINED AND ILLUSTRATED

14TH EDITION

M.J. BillingtonS.P. BarnshawK.T. BrightA. Crooks

© 2017 Fourteenth Edition John Wiley & Sons Ltd

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About the author

M.J. Billington, BSc, MRICS, MIoR, who has worked on various editions of this book since 1986, is a Chartered Building Surveyor. He was formerly Senior Lecturer in building control and construction at De Montfort University, Leicester, before leaving to join the private sector, where he continued to act as visiting lecturer at a number of universities. Currently he is Managing Director of Construction Auditing Services Ltd, a company that specialises in latent defects technical auditing, and is Chairman of Certass Ltd, one of the leading Building Regulations Competent Persons Schemes for building fabric. Mike is a regular contributor to Knights Building Regulations and is widely published in the fields of building control and building surveying.

S.P. Barnshaw,BSc(Hons), MRICS, C.Build E, FCABE is Associate Director ‐ Technical at jhai Limited. Qualified as a Chartered Surveyor and Chartered Building Engineer, Stephen has 30 years experience in the building surveying and building control profession. He has managed services within the private and public sectors and worked on a wide range of high profile buildings and frameworks. He has also been involved in professional training for many years and is Chair of an RICS professional membership panel.

K.T. Bright,MSc, FRICS, FBEng, MCIOB, NRAC (Consultant), is Emeritus Professor of Inclusive Environments at the University of Reading and Visiting Professor of Inclusive Environments in the School of Art and Design at the University of Ulster. He has published widely in academic and practice journals and is the author and editor of several highly regarded reference books related to the development of inclusive environments.

A. Crooks,MA, FRICS, C.BuildE, FCABE, MIFireE is Chief Executive at jhai limited, one of the UK’s largest approved inspectors. Andrew is a Chartered Surveyor, Chartered Building and Fire Engineer and has 25 years of industry experience delivering services within the private and public sectors on a wide range of buildings and frameworks. He is an RICS and CABE professional membership Chairman and Assessor and a member of the CICAIR Ltd Committees relating to the regulation of Approved Inspectors.

Preface to the fourteenth edition

The thirteenth edition of this book was published in 2007. Since then the Building Regulations have been consolidated and recast and published as the Building Regulations 2010. They came into force on 1 October 2010 and subsequently have been amended no fewer than 10 times. At the same time the Approved Inspector Regulations were also revised and consolidated, coming into force on 1 October 2010 and like the Principal Regulations, these have also been amended several times. To complicate matters further from, 31 December 2011 the responsibility for Building Regulations in Wales was transferred to the Welsh Government. From this date the Welsh Government has been able to amend the Building Regulations specifically for Wales.

At the same time as these changes to the Principal Regulations, many amendments have been made to the Approved Document guidance including the removal of Part N and Approved Document N (except in Wales!) and the inclusion of a new Part Q Security – Dwellings.

For this edition, we are delighted to welcome two new authors to the editorial team ‐ Andy Crooks and Stephen Barnshaw, both of jhai Ltd. With the Regulations becoming ever more complicated it was thought necessary to enlist the expertise of practising professionals in the field of building control and we are grateful for all the hard work they have put in. Specifically, Andy has completely re‐written Chapter 7 (Part B ‐ Fire) and Stephen has revised and updated Chapter 10 (Sound Insulation – Part E), Chapter 11 (Ventilation – Part F), Chapter 12 (Sanitation, hot water safety and water efficiency – Part G), Chapter 14 (Combustion Appliances and Fuel Storage Systems – Part J) and Chapter 16 (Conservation of Fuel and Power – Part L).

In detail the following chapters have been completely re‐written:

Chapter 5: Work under the supervision of a competent person – revised to take account of the expansion of the types of work now covered by competent person schemes, the consequent increase in their number and complexity and the revisions to the Government terms and conditions that control such schemes.

Chapter 6: Structural Stability – revised to reflect the increased reference to European codes and standards. In order to assist our readers by providing, where possible, as complete a guide to the regulations and Approved Documents as we can in one place, in the previous editions of this book we reproduced the original timber sizing tables from the 1992 edition of AD A. For copyright reasons we are unable to reproduce the Tables from the TRADA document that replaced those earlier AD A Tables and unfortunately, the tables from the 1992 edition no longer comply with Eurocode 5. For these reasons we have decided, reluctantly, not to reproduce the old Approved Document Tables.

Chapter 7: Fire. Fire safety legislation throughout England and Wales was consolidated between 2005 and 2013 with amendments to both the Building Regulations and a great deal of other fire legislation. Reliance solely on Approved Document B (Volumes 1 and 2) can produce solutions that are unnecessarily complicated and/or expensive, therefore this chapter, whilst concentrating on the Approved Document B guidance, where applicable draws parallels with British Standard 9999 to illustrate the different approaches to design that exist. In December 2011, responsibility for building regulations was transferred to the Welsh Government. Therefore as discussed in some other chapters, the legislation, supporting guidance and enforcement standards in Wales will start to change in the next few years.

In respect of fire safety, this process has already started. The Domestic Fire Safety (Wales) Measure 2011, after being passed by the National Assembly for Wales, received Royal Assent on 7 April 2011. This Measure provides the Welsh Government with the ability to require that new homes are fitted with ‘an effectively operating fire suppression system’.

Chapter 8: Materials, workmanship, site preparation and moisture exclusion – for materials and workmanship this chapter has been revised to reflect full implementation of European Regulation 305/2011/EU‐CPR covering construction products, referred to as the Construction Products Regulations 2011.

Chapter 12: Sanitation, hot water safety and water efficiency. This chapter covering Part G and Approved Document G, came into force on 6 April 2010 and contained many significant changes from its predecessor to both the legal requirements and the technical guidance. These changes were reflected in a new format, in which AD G now consists of an introduction, six parts and three appendices. Part G now includes guidance on cold water supply and water efficiency in addition to the updated recommendations for hot water supply and systems and sanitary conveniences and washing facilities.

Chapter 14: Combustion appliances and fuel storage systems – revised to reflect the expansion of Part J in 2010 to seven parts with a new requirement covering the provision of carbon monoxide alarms in dwellings where solid fuel appliances are installed. To incorporate this requirement adjacent to the existing requirement for the discharge of products of combustion involved a reordering of the numbering in respect of the various parts.

Chapter 15: Protection from falling, collision and impact. This chapter now incorporates the changes to the Building Regulations in 2013 which extended the Approved Document to Part K (AD K) to incorporate some of the provisions for stairs and ramps previously included in the 2004 edition of Approved Document to Part M (AD M 2004). The new 2013 edition of AD K was also extended to include all of the requirements for manifestation that had previously been shared by AD M and the Approved Document to Part N (AD N). These changes to AD K and AD M in 2013 and a rationalisation of the overlapping guidance covered within them, allowed the withdrawal of AD N.

The changes to AD M in 2013 have subsequently been subsumed into the 2015 edition of Part M and the 2015 edition of Approved Document M. However, caution should be exercised since the changes made in 2013 to Parts K and M and the withdrawal of Part N and the introduction of Part M 2014 and its Approved Document (AD M 2015) apply only to England. They do not apply to Wales. Whilst Wales is in the process of reviewing these and other Regulations, the versions of Parts K, M and N that are relevant in Wales at the time of publication of this book are those that were in force in England and Wales prior to April 2013.

Chapter 16: Conservation of fuel and power. This chapter has been revised to describe the continuing trend towards higher standards of energy conservation thereby ensuring compatibility with the European Energy performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) and the national government’s stated objective to achieve a zero carbon standard for new dwellings by 2016 and in new non‐domestic buildings by 2019.

Chapter 17: Access to and use of buildings. See the paragraph on chapter 15 above to see the main changes brought about in Part M and chapter 17. All the substantive changes made in AD M relate to the guidance for ‘Buildings other than dwellings’ (Regulations M1, M2 and M3). The guidance relating to ‘dwellings’ (Regulation M4) has been amended to reflect the baseline mandatory requirements only and does not address the optional enhanced requirements.

Chapter 18: Electrical safety – renumbered from the former chapter 19