The ComSoc Guide to Passive Optical Networks E-Book

Stephen B. Weinstein

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Serie: IEEE ComSoc Pocket Guides to Communications Technologies
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 250

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2012

Beschreibung

Describes the major architectures, standards, and technologies of Passive Optical Networks (PONs) The ComSoc Guide to Passive Optical Networks provides readers with a concise explanation of the key features of Passive Optical Networks (PONs); the different types of PON architectures and standards; key issues of PON devices, management, and implementation; and the promising business opportunities in access networks. Written for a broad audience, ranging from developers to users, this indispensable book provides an understanding o the evolutionary path of PON access systems and their positioning with respect to the cable, copper, and wireless competitors for broadband access networks. In addition, The ComSoc Guide to Passive Optical Networks: * Provides brief, high-level overviews of the architectures and applications of Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH) or Fiber-to-the-Curb (FTTC) access networks and the alternative HFC, subscriber line, and WiMAX access systems * Awards readers with a clear understanding of what BPON, GPON, WDM-PON and EPON are and how they work, together with an introduction to their respective standards * Carefully defines all acronyms and technical terms, making the book accessible to those who may not be specialists in this area * Gives readers an appreciation of the last mile problems in telecommunications access networks, and the opportunities in optical-wireless integration

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Cover

IEEE Press

Title page

Copyright page

DEDICATION

PREFACE

1 PON IN THE ACCESS PICTURE

1.1 WHY PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORK (PON) FOR THE LAST MILE ACCESS?

1.2 SERVICES AND APPLICATIONS

1.3 LEGACY ACCESS TECHNOLOGIES

1.4 FIBER-OPTIC ACCESS SYSTEMS

1.5 PON DEPLOYMENT AND EVOLUTION

2 PON ARCHITECTURE AND COMPONENTS

2.1 ARCHITECTURAL CONCEPTS AND ALTERNATIVES

2.2 PASSIVE AND ACTIVE PON COMPONENTS

2.3 MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL ELEMENTS

3 TECHNIQUES AND STANDARDS

3.1 BPON OVERVIEW

3.2 THE FULL SERVICE ACCESS NETWORK (FSAN) (ITU-T G.983) BPON STANDARD

3.3 GPON

3.4 EPON

4 RECENT ADVANCES AND LOOKING TO THE FUTURE

4.1 INTEROPERABILITY

4.2 WAVELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXED PON (WDM-PON)

4.3 SUBCARRIER PON

4.4 LONG-REACH PON

4.5 OPTICAL–WIRELESS INTEGRATION

4.6 SCALING UP PON TO MUCH HIGHER TRANSMISSION RATES

4.7 CONCLUSION

APPENDIX: EXCERPTS FROM THE IEEE 10 Gbps EPON STANDARD 802.3av-2009

IEEE STANDARD FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY—TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION EXCHANGE BETWEEN SYSTEMS—LOCAL AND METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORKS—SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS

INTRODUCTION (Not officially part of the 802.3av standard)

75.1 OVERVIEW

75.2 PMD TYPES

75.3 PMD FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICATIONS

75.4 PMD TO MDI OPTICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR 10/10G–EPON AND 10/1G–EPON OLT PMDS

75.5 PMD TO MDI OPTICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR 10/10G–EPON AND 10/1G–EPON ONU PMDS

75.6 DUAL-RATE (COEXISTENCE) MODE

75.7 DEFINITIONS OF OPTICAL PARAMETERS AND MEASUREMENT METHODS

75.8 ENVIRONMENTAL, SAFETY, AND LABELING

75.9 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FIBER OPTIC CABLING

75.10 PROTOCOL IMPLEMENTATION CONFORMANCE STATEMENT (PICS) PROFORMA FOR CLAUSE 75, PHYSICAL MEDIUM DEPENDENT (PMD) SUBLAYER AND MEDIUM FOR PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORKS, TYPE 10GBASE–PR AND 10/1GBASE–PRX

77. MULTIPOINT MAC CONTROL FOR 10G EPON

77.3 MULTIPOINT CONTROL PROTOCOL (MPCP)

Index

IEEE Press

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IEEE Press Editorial Board

Lajos Hanzo, Editor in Chief

R. Abhari

M. El-Hawary

O. P. Malik

J. Anderson

B-M. Haemmerli

S. Nahavandi

G. W. Arnold

M. Lanzerotti

T. Samad

F. Canavero

D. Jacobson

G. Zobrist

Kenneth Moore, Director of IEEE Book and Information Services (BIS)

Technical Reviewers

A volume in the IEEE Communications Society series:

The ComSoc Guides to Communications Technologies

Nim K. Cheung, Series Editor

Thomas Banwell, Associate Editor

Richard Lau, Associate Editor

Next Generation Optical Transport: SDH/SONET/OTN

Huub van Helvoort

Managing Telecommunications Projects

Celia Desmond

WiMAX Technology and Network Evolution

Edited by Kamran Etemad, Ming-Yee Lai

An Introduction to Network Modeling and Simulation for the Practicing Engineer

Jack Burbank, William Kasch, Jon Ward

Copyright © 2012 by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. All rights reserved.

Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.

Published simultaneously in Canada.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:

Weinstein, Stephen B.

 The ComSoc guide to passive optical networks : enhancing the last mile access / Stephen B. Weinstein, Yuanqiu Luo, Ting Wang.

p. cm.

 ISBN 978-0-470-16884-4 (pbk.)

 1. Passive optical networks. I. Luo, Yuanqiu. II. Wang, Ting. III. Title. IV. Title: Guide to psssive optical networks.

 TK5103.592.P38W45 2012

 621.382'7–dc23

2011037610

To my wife, Judith

Stephen Weinstein

To my family

Yuanqiu Luo

To my children

Ting Wang

PREFACE

This handbook is a convenient reference guide to the rapidly developing family of passive optical network (PON) systems, techniques, and devices. Our objective is to provide a quick, intuitive introduction to these technologies, with clear definitions of terms, including many acronyms. We have avoided extensive technical analysis.

PON provides a high ratio of performance to cost for high-speed data network access, making possible an economical successor to DS-1 and DS-3 services and promising stiff competition for alternative access technologies such as cable data in hybrid fiber/coax (HFC) systems, digital subscriber line (DSL), broadband over power line, and broadband wireless. At the same time, PON provides attractive opportunities for integration with other access systems and technologies and, in particular, for integration with very high-speed DSL and with broadband wireless access systems. The goals are enhancement of overall capacity, reliability, and peak-load performance at minimum cost. This book will describe both the competitive and the cooperative potential of PON technologies.

As a well-indexed reference work, this book should provide quick answers to questions about PON terminology, definitions, and basic operational concepts while encouraging the reader to acquire a deeper understanding of PON capabilities and of the entire broadband access environment. PON already has a very important role in realizing per-user access rates in the hundreds of megabits per second and an access infrastructure that truly serves the needs of a global information society.

Stephen WeinsteinYuanqiu LuoTing Wang

1

PON IN THE ACCESS PICTURE

1.1 WHY PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORK (PON) FOR THE LAST MILE ACCESS?

As part of the telecommunications network, the access network covers the “last mile” of communications infrastructure that connects individual subscribers to a service provider’s switching or routing center, for example, a telephone company’s central office (CO). We will use CO, a term from the traditional public network, for convenience, although the switching or routing center could be operated by any entity under a different name, such as headend. The access network is the final leg of transmission connectivity between the customer premise and the core network. For a variety of access solutions including the PON, the access network consists of terminating equipment in the CO, a remote node (RN), and a subscriber-side network interface unit (NIU), as Figure 1.1 shows. The feeder network refers to the connection between CO and RN, while the distribution network joins the NIU to the RN. Downstream program services, one of many applications of a broadband access system, may be broadcast, multicast, or individually directed to the users, depending on the service objectives and enabling technologies.

Figure 1.1 Generic access network architecture.

The access network has consistently been regarded as a bottleneck in the telecommunications infrastructure [GREEN]. This is primarily because of the ever-growing demand for higher bandwidth, which is already available in large measure in the core optical network and in local area networks (LANs) but is more limited in widely deployed residential access technologies such as digital subscriber line (DSL) and cable data. Business customers using the relatively expensive DS-1 (1.544 Mbps) and DS-3 (45 Mbps) legacy access services are similarly limited. We have, then, a large disparity between legacy access systems with per-user rates in the low megabits per second, and the network operator’s optical backbone network using multiple carrier wavelengths in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems in which each wavelength carries data at rates of tens of gigabits per second. The disparity between legacy access systems and both wired and wireless LANs, which have been scaled up from 10 to 100 Mbps and are being upgraded to gigabit rates, is equally dramatic. The tremendous growth of Internet traffic accentuated the growing gap between the capacities of backbone and local networks on the one hand and the bottleneck imposed by the lower capacities of legacy access networks in between. This was, and in many cases still is, the so-called last mile or last kilometer problem. Upgrading the current access network with a low-cost and high-bandwidth solution is a must for future broadband access, and is being actively implemented by many operators.