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- Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
- Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
- Sprache: Englisch
This fully-revised comprehensive fourth edition covers the whole field of physical geography including climate and atmosphere, geomorphology, biogeography, hydrology, oceans, Quaternary, environmental change, soils, remote sensing and GIS. This new edition reflects developments in the discipline during the last decade, with the expert advisory group providing an international perspective on the discipline of physical geography.
Over 2000 entries that are self-contained or cross-referenced include 200 that are new to this edition, over 400 that are rewritten and updated, and new supporting references and additional recommended reading in many others. Entries removed from the last edition are available in the online resource. This volume is the essential reference point for students of physical geography and related environmental disciplines, lecturers and interested individuals alike.
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Seitenzahl: 2089
Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2015
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Contents
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Contributors
Preface to the Fourth Edition
Preface to the First Edition
Preface to the Second Edition
Preface to the Third Edition
Acknowledgements
About the Companion Website
Introduction
A
Abiotic
Ablation
Reading
Abrasion
Abrupt Climate Change
Reading
Absolute Age
Abstraction, of Water
Abyss
Abyssal Plain
Reference
Accommodation Space
Reading and References
Accordant Junctions, Law of
Reference
Accordant Summits
Reading
Accretion
Accumulated Temperature
Accuracy
Acid Deposition
References
Acid Precipitation
Reading and References
Acid Rain
Acid Rocks
Acid Susceptibility/Acid Neutralizing Capacity
Reading
Acidity Profile
Active Layer
Reading
Active Margin
Reading
Actualism
Adaptation
Reading
Adaptive Capacity
Adhesion Ripple
Adhesion Warts
Reading
Adiabatic
Adsorption
Reading
Advection
Reading
Advection Fog
Advective Processes
Aeolation
Reading
Aeolian
Aeolianite
Reading and Reference
Aerial Photography
Reading
Aerobic
Aerobiology
Reading
Aerodynamic Ripples
References
Aerosol
Reading
Aestivation
Afforestation
Affluent
Aftershocks
Ageostrophic
Agglomerate
Aggradation
Reading
Aggregation Ratio
Agonic Line
Aggressivity
Reference
Agricultural Drought
Reading and Reference
Agroclimatology
Reading
Agroforestry
Reading
Agrometeorology
Reading
Aiguille
Air Mass
Reading
Air Parcel
Reading
Air Pollution
Reading
Airy Wave Theory
Reading
Aklé
Alas
Albedo
Reading and References
Alcove
Alcrete
Alfisol
Algae
Reading
Algal Bloom
Algal Mat
Algal Ridge, Algal Rim
Reading
Allelopathy
Reading
Allen's Rule
Aliens
Reading
Allerød
Reading
Allochthonous
Allogenic Stream
Allogenic Succession
Allometric Growth
References
Allopatric
Allophane
Alluvial Channel
Reading
Alluvial Fans
Alluvial Fill
Reading and Reference
Alluvial Terrace
Alluvium
Reading
Alp
Alpha Diversity
Reading
Alpine
Alpine Orogeny
Reading
Altiplanation
Altithermal
References
Altocumulus
Altostratus
Alveolar
Reading and References
Ambient
Amensalism
Amino Acid Racemization
Reference
Amphidromic Point
Reading
Ams Radiocarbon Dating
Anabatic Flows
Reading
Anabranching
References
Anaclinal
Anaerobic
Ana-Front
Analemna
Analogue Approach
Anamolistic Cycle
Anaseism
Anastomosing River
Andosols
Andromy
Anemograph
Anemometer
Angiosperms
Reading
Angle Of Dilation (θ)
Reading
Angle Of Initial Yield (φi)
Angle Of Internal Shearing Resistance (ϕ)
Reading
Angle Of Plane Sliding Friction (ϕUs)
Reading
Angle of Repose
Angle of Residual Shear (φr)
Reading
Angular Momentum
Angular Unconformity
Annual Series
Reading
Annular Drainage
Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW)
Reference
Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC)
Reading
Antarctic cold reversal (ACR)
Reading
Antarctic Ice Sheet – East and West
Reading and References
Antecedent Drainage
antecedent moisture
Reading
Antecedent Precipitation Index
Anteconsequent Stream
Reading
Anthropocene
Anthropochore
Anthropogeomorphology
Reading and References
Anthrosols
References
Antibiosis
Anticentre
Anticline
Anticyclone
Reading
Antidune
Antiforms
Antipleion
Antipodal Bulge
Antipodes
Antitrades
Antitriptic Wind
Aphanitic
Aphelion
Aphotic Zone
Aphytic Zone
Apogee
Aposematic Coloration
Applied Geomorphology
Reading and References
Applied Meteorology
Reading and References
Aquaculture
Reading
Aquiclude
Aquifer
Aquifuge
Aquatic Macrophyte
Reading
Aquitard
Arboreal
Arches, Natural
Archipelago
Arctic
Reading
Arctic–Alpine Flora
Reading
Arctic Haze
Arctic Smoke
Areic
Arena
Arenaceous
Areography
Reading
Arête
Argillaceous
Aridisols
Reading
Arkose
Armoured Mud Balls
Armouring
Reading
Arroyo
Reading and References
Artesian
Artificial Recharge
Aspect
Reading
Association, Plant
Reading and Reference
Asthenosphere
Reading
Astrobleme
Reference
Asymmetric Valley
Reading
Asymmetrical Fold
Atlantic Coastlines
Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (Amo)
Atmometer
Atmosphere
Reading and Reference
Atmospheric Composition
Reading and Reference
Atmospheric Energetics
Atmospheric Instability
Reading
Atmospheric Layers
Reading
Atmospheric Waves
Elastic Waves
Gravity (–Inertia) Waves
Cyclone Waves
Rossby Waves
Reading
Atoll
Reading
Atterberg Limits
Reading
Aufeis
Auge
Aulacogens
Reading
Aureole, Metamorphic
Aurora Borealis
Autecology
Autochthonous
Autocorrelation
Autogenic Stream
Autogenic Succession
Reference
Autotrophic
Reference
Autovariation
Avalanche
Reading and References
Avalanche Tarns
Reading
Aven
Avulsion
Reading
Azimuth
Azoic
Azotobacter
B
Backing Wind
Backshore
Reading
Backswamp
Backwall
Backwash
Reading
Backwearing
Badlands
Reading
Bajada
Ball Lightning
Bank Erosion
Reading
Bank Storage
Bankfull Discharge
Reading and References
Banner Cloud
Bar, Nearshore
References
Barchan
Reading
Barchanoid Ridge
Baroclinicity
Barometer
Reading
Barranca
Barrier Island
Reading
Barrier Reef
Reading
Barrier Spit
Reading and Reference
Basal Ice
Reading
Basal Sapping
Basal Sliding
Reading
Basalt
Base Exchange
Reading
Base Flow
Base Level
References
Base Saturation
Basement Complex
Basic Rocks
Basin-and-Range
Batholith
Bathymetry
Bauxite
Beach
Reading and Reference
Beach Nourishment
Reading
Beach Ridge
Reading
Beach Rock
Reference
Beaded Drainage
Bearing Capacity
Reading
Beaufort Scale
Reading and Reference
Bed Roughness
Reading
Bedding Plane
Bedform Reconstitution
Reference
Bedforms
Bedload, Bedload Equation
Reading and Reference
Bedload Pit Trap
Reference
Bedload Tracers
Reference
Bedrock
Beer's Law
Benchmark
Benioff Zone
Benthic
Berg Wind
Bergeron–Findeisen Mechanism
Berghlaup
Bergmann's Rule
References
Bergschrund
Berm
Bernoulli's Theorem and Effect
Biennial Oscillation
Bifurcation Ratio
Reading and Reference
Bioaccumulation
Reading
Biochar
Reading
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (Bod)
Reading
Biocides
Bioclastic
Bioclimatology
Reference
Biodegradation
References
Biodiversity
Reading
Bioerosion
Reading
Biofilm/Extracellular Polymeric Substances (Epss)
Reading and Reference
Biofuel
Reading
Biogeochemical Cycles
Reading and References
Biogeocoenosis
Reading
Biogeography
Readings and Reference
Biogeomorphology
Reading
Bioherm
Biokarst
Reading
Bioleaching
References
Biological Control
Biological Crust
Biological Magnification
Reading and Reference
Biological Productivity
Bioluminescence
Biomantle
Reading
Biomass
References
Biome
Readings and Reference
Biometeorology
Reading
Biosphere
Reading
Reading
Biostasy
Reference
Biota
Biotope
Reading
Bioturbation
Black Box
Blanket Bog
Blind Valley
Blizzard
Block Faulting
Block Fields, Block Streams
Blocking
Blow-Hole
Blowouts
Reading and Reference
Bluehole
References
Blytt–Sernander Model
Bog
Reading
Bog Bursts
Bogaz
BøLling
Bolson
Bombardment
Reference
Bond Cycles
Reading and References
Bora
References
Bore
Boreal Climate
Boreal Forest
Reading
Boreal (Period)
Bornhardt
Reading and References
Boss
Botryoidal
Bottom-Sets
Bouguer Anomaly
Boulder Clay
Boulder Train
Boulder-Controlled Slopes
Reading and References
Boundary Conditions
Reading and References
Boundary Layer
Reading and References
Bounding Surface
Reading
Bourne
Bowen Ratio
Bowen's Reaction Series
Brackish
Braided River
Reading and Reference
Brash
Braun-Blanquet Scale
Breccia
Brodel
Brousse Tigrée
References
Brune Curve
Reference
Brunhes–Matuyama
Brunizem
Bruun Rule
References
Buffer
Buffer Strip
Reference
Buffering Capacity
Bulk Density
Reading
Bush Encroachment
References
Bushveld
Butte
Buys Ballot's Law
Bypass Flow
Reading and Reference
C
Caatinga
Caballing
Caesium-137 (Cs137) Analysis
Reading and Reference
Cainozoic
Reference
Calcicole
Reading
Calcifuge
Calcite Compensation Depth
Calcite Saturation Index
Calcrete
Reading
Caldera
Reading
Calms
Calving
Reading
Cambering
Canopy
Capacity/Non-Capacity Load
Reading
Capillary Forces
Reading
Cap-Rock
Capture (or River Capture)
Reference
Carapace
Carbon Cycle
Reading
Carbon Dating
Carbon Sequestration
Reading
Carbonate Budget, of Coral Reefs
Reading
Carbonate Compensation Depth
Carbonation
Reference
Carnivore
Carrying Capacity
Reference
Carse
Cascading Systems
Case Hardening
Cataclasis
Cataclinal
Catastrophe/Catastrophism
References and Reading
Catchment
Catchment Control
Catena
Reading and Reference
Cation Exchange
Reading
Cation-Exchange Capacity
Reading
Cation-Ratio Dating
Reading
Causality
Causse
Cave
References
Cavern
Cavitation
Reference
Celerity
Reading
Cell Circulation, Beaches
Reading
Cellular Automata
Reading and Reference
Cenozoic
Cerrado
Channel Capacity
Reading and References
Channel Classification
References
Channel Resistance
Reading
Channel Storage
Channelization (or River Channelization)
Reading
Chapada
Chaparral
Char
Reading
Charcoal
Reading and Reference
Chattermarks
References
Cheiorographic Coast
Chelation
Reading
Cheluviation
Chemosphere
Chenier
Reading
Chernozem
Chert
Chézy Equation
Reference
Chine
Chinook
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCS)
Reading
Chott
Chronosequence
Reading
Chute
Circadian Rhythm
Reading
Circulation Index
References
Cirque (Also Corrie, CWM)
Reading
Cirrocumulus
Cirrostratus
Cirrus
Cladistics (or Phylogenetic Systematics)
Reading and References
Clast
Clastic
Clay
Reading
Clay Dune
Reading
Clay–Humus Complex
Clay Pellet
Claypan
Clay-With-Flints
Clear-Water Erosion
Cleavage
CLIMAP
Reading and Reference
Climate
Reading and References
Climate Change
Reading and References
Climate Modelling
Climate Modification
Climate Sensitivity Parameter
Reading
Climatic Classification
Reading and References
Climatic Geomorphology
Reading and References
Climatic Hinge
Climatic Optimum
Climato-Genetic Geomorphology
Reference
Climatology
Reading
Climax Vegetation
Reading
Climbing Dune
Reference
Climogram
Reference
Cline
Clinometer
Clinosequence
Clint
Clisere
Clitter
Cloud Computing
Reading
Cloud Dynamics
Reading
Cloud Forest
Cloud Microphysics
Reading
Cloud Seeding
Cloud Streets
Reading
Clouds
References
Cluse
Cluster Bedform
Reading and Reference
Cmip
Reading
Coastal Dunes
Reading
Coccoliths
Cockpit Karst
Reading
Coefficient of Permeability
Coefficient of Variation (CV)
Reading
Coevolution
Reading
Cohesion
Col
Cold Front
Cold Pole
Coleoptera
Reference
Colloid
Colluvium
Colmation
Colonization
Reading
Combe, Coombe
Comfort Zone
Reading and Reference
Commensalism
Comminution
Community
Reading
Compaction
Compensation Flows
Competence
References
Competition
Reading
Complex Response
Reference
Compressing Flow
Reading and Reference
Compressional
Computational Fluid Dynamics
Conchoidal Fracture
Concordant
Concordant Coast
Concretion
Condensation
Conductance, Specific
Reading
Cone of Depression
Reading
Confined Groundwater
Conglomerate
Connate Water
Connectivity
Reference
Consequent Stream
Conservation
Readings and Reference
Consociation
Consolidation
Constant Slope
Reading and Reference
Continental Climate
Reading
Continental Drift
Reading
Continental Freeboard
References
Continental Islands
Continental Shelf
Reading
Continental Slope
Continuity Equation
Reading and Reference
Contour
Contrails
References
Contributing Area
Reference
Convection
Reading
Convective Precipitation
Reference
Convergence (See Also Divergence)
Coordination Number
Reading
Coprolite
Reference
Coquina
Coral–Algal Reef
Coral Bleaching
Reading
Coral Disease
Reading
Coral Reefs and Coral–Algal Reefs
Reading
Core
Reference
Corallith
Reading
Corestone
Coriolis Force
Coriolis Parameter
Cornice
Corniche
Corrasion
Corrie
Corrosion
Cosmogenic Isotope
Reading
Coulée
Couloir
Coulomb Equation
Coupled Gcms
References
Cover, Plant
Reading
Coversand
Reading and References
Crab-Holes
Reading
Crag and Tail
Reference
Crater
Craton
Reading
Creationism
Reading
Creep
Crevasse
Critical Load
Reading
Critical Velocity (or Critical Erosion Velocity)
Reading
Critical Zone
Reading and Reference
Cross-Bedding
Cross-Lamination
Cross-Profile, Valley/River Channel
Crumb Structure
Crust
Reading
Cryergic
Cryosphere
Reference
Cryoplanation
Reading
Cryostatic Pressures
Reading
Cryoturbation
Reading
Cryovegetation
Cryptovolcano
Cuesta
Cuirass
Cultural Geomorphology
References
Cumec
Cumulative Soil Profiles
Cumulonimbus
Cumulus
Cupola
Current Bedding
Reading
Current Meter
Reading
Current Ripples
Reading
Cusp, Beach
Reading
Cutan
Cut-Off
Cutter
Reference
Cyanobacteria
Cycle, Biochemical
Cycle, Climatic
Cycle of Erosion
Reading and Reference
Cyclone (or Depression)
Reading
Cyclostrophic
Cymatogeny
Reading and Reference
D
Dalmatian Coast
Daly Level
Reading
Dambo
References
Dams
Reading
Dansgaard–Oeschger (D–o) Events
Reference
Darcy's Law
Reading and References
Darwinism
Reading and References
Data Logger
Reading
Daya
Reading
Dead Ice Topography
Débâcle
debris flows
Reading
Deciduous Forest
Decomposer
Deductive (Science)
References
Deep Weathering
References
Deflation
Deforestation
Reading and References
Deformable Beds
References
Deformation
De Geer Moraine
Reading
Deglaciation
Degradation
Degree Day
Delayed Flow
References
Delta
Reading and References
Demoiselle
Denitrification
Reading
Density Current
Density Dependence
Reading and References
Denudation
Reading and Reference
Denudation Chronology
References
Denudation Rates
References
Deoxygenation
Depletion Curve (Or Recession Curve or Base-Flow Recession Curve)
Reading and References
Depression
Depression Storage
Reading
Depth–Duration Curve
Reading
Desalinization (Or Desalination)
Desert
Reading and References
Desert Pavement
Desert Varnish
Desertification (Also Desertization)
References
Desiccation
Reference
Design Discharge
Desquamation
Desulphurization
Reading
Devensian
Dew, Dewpoint
Reading
Diabatic
Diachronous
Diaclinal
Diagenesis
Diamictite, Diamicton
Diapir
Diastrophism
Diatoms
Reference
Diatreme
Die-Back
References
Diffluence
Diffusion Equation
Reference
Diffusive Processes
Digital Elevation Model (Dem)
Reading
Digital Image Processing
Reading
Digital Terrain Model (DTM)
Reading
Dikaka
Dilation (Or Dilatation)
Dilution Effect
Dilution Gauging
Reading
Diluvialism
Reading
Dimensionless Number
Dimethylsulphide (DMS)
Reference
Dip
Dipslope
Dipwell
Dirt Cone
Discharge
Reading
Disclimax
Reading
Disconformity
Discordance
Disjunct Distribution
Reading
Dispersal
Reading
Dissection
Dissipative Beach
References
Dissolved Load
References
Dissolved Oxygen
Dissolved Solids
References
Distributary
Diurnal Tides
Divergence
Reading
Doab
Doldrums
Doline
Reference
Dolocrete
References
Dome Dune
Domin Scale
Dominant Discharge
Dominant Organism
Reading and References
Dominant Wind
Donga
Reference
Dormant Volcano
Double Mass Analysis
Reading
Downbursts
Downscaling
Reference
Downwelling
Reference
Draa
Drainage
Drainage Density
Reading
Drainage Network
Reference
Draw Down
Reading
Dreikanter
Drift Potential
Dripstone
Drop Size (and The Distribution of Drop Sizes)
Reading
Drought
References
Drought Index
Reading and References
Drumlin
Reading and References
Dry Deposition
Reading
Dry Valley
Reading
Dry Weather Flow
Reading and Reference
Drylands
Reading and References
Du Boys Equation
References
Dune
Reading and References
Dune Memory
Dune Network
Reading
Durability
Reading
Duricrust
Reading
Duripan
Dust
References
Dust Devil
Dust Storm
Reading and References
Dust Veil Index
Reference
Dyke
Dynamic Equilibrium
Reference
Dynamic Source Area
Reading
Dynamical Meteorology
Reading
Dzud
Reading
E
Earth System Science (ESS)
References
Earth Observation
Earth Pillar
Earthflow
Earthquake
Easterly Wave
Reading and Reference
Eccentricity
Echo Dune
Ecological Energetics
Reading and References
Ecological Footprint
Reading
Ecology
Reading and Reference
Ecosystem
Reading and References
Ecosystem Goods and Services
Reading
Ecotone
Reading
Ecotope
Ecotoxicology
Reading and Reference
Ecotype
Reading and Reference
Ecozone
Reading and Reference
Edaphic
Reading
Eddies
Reading
Eddy Diffusivity (Eddy Viscosity)
Reading
Edge Waves
Reading
EDM
Effective Precipitation
Effective Stress
Reading
Effluent
Effluent Stream
Egre
Eh
Ekman Layer
Ekman Spiral
Reading
Elastic Rebound Theory
Electromagnetic Distance Measurement
Reading
Electromagnetic Radiation
Reading
Electron Spin Resonance (ESR)
Reading
Ellipsoid
El Niño
Reading
Eluviation
Reading
Eluvium
Emerson Test
Reference
Emissions Scenario
References
Endangered Species
Endemism
Reading
Endogenetic
Endoreic
References
Energy Flow
Reading
Energy Grade Line
Engineering Geomorphology
References
Englacial
Enhanced Thematic Mapper
Ensemble Climate Modelling
References
ENSO
Entrainment
Reading
Entrenched Meander
Entropy
References
Envelope Curve
Reference
Environmental Assessment
Environmental Economics
Reading and References
Environmental Impact
Reading and Reference
Environmental Impact Statement
Reading
Environmental Issue
References
Environmental Lapse Rate
Environmental Magnetism
Reading and References
Environmental Management
Reading
Epeiric Sea
Epeirogeny
Reading
Ephemeral Plant
Reading
Ephemeral Stream
Reading
Epicentre
Epiclimate (Or Nanoclimate)
Epilimnion
Epipedon
Epiphyte
Epoch
Equation of State
Equations of Motion
Equatorial Rain Forest
Reading
Equatorial Trough
Reading
Equifinality
Reading and Reference
Equilibrium
References
Equilibrium Line
Equilibrium Line of Glaciers
Reading and Reference
Equilibrium Shoreline
Reading
Equipotentials
Reading and References
Era
Erg
Ergodic Hypothesis
References
Erodibility
Erosion
Erosion Pin
Reference
Erosion Surface
Reading and References
Erosivity
Reading and Reference
Erratic (Glacial)
Reference
Eruption
Escarpment
Esker
References
ESP
ESR
Estuary
Reading and References
Eulittoral Zone
Euphotic Zone
Eustasy
Reading and References
Eutrophic
Eutrophication
Reading
Evaporation
Reading and References
Evaporite
Reading
Evapotranspiration
Evolution
Reading and References
Evorsion
Exaration
Exchangeable Sodium Percentage (ESP)
Reading
Exfoliation
Exhaustion Effects
Exhumation
Exogenetic
Exotic
Expanding Earth
References
Expansive Soils
Reading
Experimental Catchment
Reading
Experimental Design
Reading and Reference
Extending Flow
External Forcing
Reading
Extinction
Reading
Extratropical Cyclone
Reading
Extreme Value Theory
Reference
Extrusion Flow of Glaciers
Extrusion, Volcanic
Exudation Basin
Eye
Eyot
F
Fabric
Reading
Facet
Facies
Factor of Safety
Fairy Circles
References
Falling Dune
Fallout
Reference
False-Bedding
Fan Delta
Reading
Fanglomerate
Fans
Reading
Fatigue Failure
Reading
Fault
Reference
Faunal Realms
Feather Edge
Feedback
Feedback Loops or Homeostasis
Feldspars
Felsenmeer
Fen
Reading
Ferrallitization
Ferrel Cell
Reading
Ferrel's Law
Ferricrete
Fetch or Fetch Length
Reading
Fiard
Field Capacity
Field Drainage
Reading
Finger Lakes
Reading
Fiord (fjord)
Reading and References
Fire
Reading and Reference
Firn
Firn Line
Fission Track Dating
Reading
Fissure Eruption
Flash Flood
References
Flashiness
Reading and Reference
Flatiron
Reading
Float Recorder
Floating Bogs
Reading
Flocculation
Flood
Reading
Flood Frequency
Reading
Floodout
Reading and Reference
Floodplain
Reading
Flood Routing
Reading
Floristic Realms
Reading and References
Flow Duration Curve (FDC)
Reading
Flow Equations
Flow Regimes
Reading and Reference
Flow Resources
Reference
Flow Till
Flow Visualization
Reading
Fluid Mechanics
Flume
Flute
Reading
Fluting
Reading
Fluvial
Fluvioglacial
Fluviokarst
Flux
Flyggberg
Flysch
Fog
Reading
Föhn (Sometimes Foehn; Chinook In North America)
Reading
Fold
Reference
Foliation
Food Chain, Food Web
Reading
Foraminifera
Force
Reading
Forebulge
Foredune
Reading
Foreset Beds
Forest
Forest Hydrology
Reading and References
Form Line
Form Ratio
Fourier Analysis
Reading
Fracking
Reading
Fractal
Reading
Fractal Dimension (Or Fractal)
Reading and Reference
Fracture
Reading
Fractus
Fragipan
Reading and Reference
Frazil Ice
Free Face
Freeze–Thaw Cycle
Reading
Freezing Front
Reading
Freezing Index
Friction
Reference
Fringing Reef
Front
Reading
Frontogenesis
Frost Action
Frost Creep
Reading
Frost Heave
Reading
Frost Smoke (Also Arctic Smoke)
Frost Weathering
Reading
Frost Wedge
Froude Number
Fulgurite
Reading and Reference
Fulje
Fumarole
Fungi
Reference
Funnelling Ratio
Reference
Fynbos
Reading
G
Gabbro
Gaia Hypothesis
Reference
Gallery Forest
Garrigue
Gauging Stations
GCM
Geest
Gelifluction
Reading
Genecology
General Atmospheric Circulation
Reading and References
General Circulation Modelling
General System Theory
Reading and References
Genetic Drift
Reading
Geo
Geochronology
Geoconservation
Reading
Geocryology
Reading
Geode
Geodesy
Geodiversity
Reference
Geoengineering
References
Geographical Information Science
Reading
Geographic Information System (GIS)
Reading
Geohazard
Geoheritage
Reference
Geoid
Geological Timescale
Reading
Geomorphology
Reading and References
Geoparks
Reading
Geophyte
Geoproxy
Reading
Geostatistics
Reading
Geostrophic Wind
Reading
Geosyncline
Geothermal Energy
Gerlach Trough
Reading
Geyser
Ghyben–Herzberg Principle
Reading
Gibber
Reading
Gibbsian Distribution
Reading
Gilgai
Reference
Gipfelflur
Glacial
Reading
Glaciation
Reading
Glaciation Level (Also Called Glacial Limit)
Reference
Glacier
Reading and Reference
Glacier Mass Balance (GMB)
Reading and References
Glacier Milk
Glacier Table
Glacieret
Glacierization
Glacioeustasy
Glaciofluvial
Reading and Reference
Glacioisostasy
Reading
Glaciotectonism
Reading
Glacis
Glei, Gley
Glen's Law
Reference
Glint Line
Global Dimming
Reading
Global Environmental Change
References
Global Positioning System (GPS)
Reading
Global Warming
References
Gloss (Global Sea-Level Observing System)
Gnammas
Gneiss
Goletz Terrace (Also Known as Cryoplanation Terrace or Altiplanation Terrace)
Reading
Gondwanaland
Gorge
Gouffres
Graben
Grade, Concept of
References
Graded Bedding
Graded Slopes
References
Graded Time
References
Gradient Wind
Reading
Gradually Varied Flow
Reference
Granite
Granulometry
Grasslands
Reading
Gravel
Gravimetric Method
Reading
Gravity
Gravity Faulting
Reading
Gravity Wave
Great Escarpment
Reading
Great Interglacial
Greenhouse Effect
Reading
Greenland Ice Sheet
References
Grey Wether
Greywacke
Grike (Gryke)
Reference
Grip
Ground Frost
Reading
Ground Ice
Reading
Ground Moraine
Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR)
Reading
Grounding Line (Grounding Zone)
References
Groundwater
Reading
Growan
Groyne
Grumusol
Grus
Guano
Gull
Gully
Gully Erosion
Gumbel Extreme Value Theory
Reading
Gumbo
Gustiness Factor
Guyot
Reading
Gypcrete
Reading
Gypsum
Gyre
Reading
Gyttja
H
Habitat
Reading and Reference
Haboob
Reference
Hadal Zone
Hadley Cell
Haff
Hagg
Hail
Haldenhang
Half-Life
Reading and Reference
Halocarbons
Haloclasty
Halons
Haloturbation
Hamada, Hammada
Hamra
Hanging Valley
Reference
Hardness
Hardpan
Harmattan
Harmonic Analysis
Hawaiian Eruption
Hazard
Haze
Head
Headcut
Headwall
Headward Erosion
Headwater
Heat Budget
Reading
Heat Island
Heathlands
Reading
Heinrich Events
Reference
Helical Flow
Helictite
Hemera
Herbivore
Reference
Herbivore Use Intensity (HUI)
Reading
Heterosphere
Heterotrophs
Hiatus
Hierarchical Rhythmic Topography
Reading
High-Energy Window
References
Hillslope Flow Processes
Reading
Hindcasting
References
Hjulström Curve
References
Hoar Frost
Hodograph
Reading
Hogsback
Holocene
Reading
Holokarst
Reading
Homoclines
Hoodoo
Horizon, Soil
Reading
Horn, Glacial
Horse Latitudes
Horst
Horton Overland Flow
Reading and Reference
Horton's Laws
Reading and Reference
Hot Spot
Reading and Reference
Hot Spring
Hum
Human Impact
References
Humate
Reading
Humic Acid
Reading
Humidity
Humus
Hurricane
Hydration
Hydraulic Conductivity
Reading and Reference
Hydraulic Diffusivity (D)
Reading
Hydraulic Force
Hydraulic Geometry
Reading and References
Hydraulic Gradient
Hydraulic Head (H)
Reading
Hydraulic Jump
Reference
Hydraulic Potential (Or Fluid Potential)
Reading and Reference
hydraulic radius
hydraulics
Reading
hydrodynamic levelling
hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
Reading
hydrofracturing
hydrogeological map
Hydrographs (see Unit Hydrograph)
Reading and References
hydroisostasy
Reading
hydrolaccolith
hydrological cycle
Reading
Hydrology
Reading and Reference
Hydrolysis
Hydrometeorology
Reading
Hydrometry
Reference
Hydromorphy
Hydrophobic Soils
Reading
Hydrophyte
Hydrosphere
Reading and Reference
Hydrostatic Equation
Reading
Hydrostatic Pressure
Reading
Hydrothermal Alteration
Hyetograph
Hygric Weathering
References
Hygrograph
Hygrometer
Hypabyssal Rock
Hyper-Arid
Hyperconcentrated Flow
Reference
Hyperspectral Imagery
Reading
Hypogene
Hypolimnion
Hypothesis
References
Hypsithermal
Reference
Hypsographic Curve
Hypsometric Curve
Hypsometry
Reading
Hysteresis
Reference
I
Ice
Reading and Reference
Ice Age
Reading and Reference
Ice Blink
Ice Cap
Ice Contact Slope
Ice Core
Reading
Ice Cored Moraine
Ice Dam
Reading and Reference
Ice Dome
Ice Fall
Ice Field
Ice Floe
Reading
Ice Flow
Reference
Ice Fog
Reading
Ice Front
Ice Jam
Ice Rind
Ice Segregation
Reading
Ice Sheet
Reading and Reference
Ice Shelf
Reading
Ice Stream
Reading
Ice Wedge
Reading
Iceberg
Icehouse
Reference
Icing
Igneous Rock
Illuviation
Imbrication
Reading
Impermeable
Impervious
In and Out Channel
Indian Ocean Zonal Mode (Indian Ocean Dipole)
Reading
Incised Meander
Inconsequent Stream
Reading and References
Inductive
References
Induration
Reference
Infiltration
Reading and References
Inflorescence
Influent
Infrared Imagery
Infrared Thermometer/Thermometry
Infragravity Wave
Ingrown Meander
Inheritance
Reading
Inlier
Inselberg (German for Island Hill)
Reading
Insequent Stream
Insolation
Insolation Weathering
Reading and References
Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph (IUH)
Intact Strength
Integrity of Rivers
References
Intensity of Rainfall
Interannual Variability
Interbasin Transfers
Interception
Reading
Interception Capacity
Reading
Interflow
Reading
Interfluve
Interglacial
Reference
Intermittent Spring
Intermittent Stream
Interpluvial
Interrill Flow
Reading
Interrill Processes
References
Interstadial
Reading
Interstices
Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)
References and Reading
Intrazonal Soil
Intrenched Meander
Intrinsic Permeability (Or Specific Permeability)
Reference
Introductions, Ecological
Reading and Reference
Intrusion
Invasive Species
Reading and References
Inversion of Temperature
Reading
Inverted Relief
Involution
Ion Concentrations
Ionic Wave Technique
Ionosphere
Reading
Ipcc
Iridium Layer
Reading
Irrigation
References
Island Arc
Reading
Island Biogeography
Reading
Islands
Reading
Isochrones
Isocline
Isolation, Ecological
Reading
Isopleths
Isostasy
Reading
Isotope
References
J
Jet Stream
Reading
Joint Probability Estimates
Reading
Jökulhlaup
Reading
Juvenile Water
Reference
K
K- and R-Selection
K-Cycle
Kame
Kame Terrace
Kamenitza
Kaolin
Karren (Singular Karre)
Reference
Karst
Reading and References
Katabatic Flows
Reading
Kata-Front
Kavir
Kegelkarst
Reading
Kelvin Wave
Kettle, Kettle Hole
Keystone Species
Reading and Reference
Khamsin
Kinematic Wave
Reading and References
Kinematics
Reading
Kinetic Energy
Kingdoms of Animals and Plants
Klippe
Knickpoint
Reading
Knock-and-Lochan Topography
References
Kolk
References
Koniology (Coniology)
Kopje
Köppen Climatic Classification
Reading and References
Krotovina
Krummholz
Kumatology
Kunkar
Kurtosis
Kyoto Protocol
Reading
L
Laccolith
Reading
Lacustral
Lacustrine
Lag Gravel
Lag Time
Reading
Lagoon
Reading and References
Lahar
Lake
Reading and Reference
Lake Breeze
Laminar Flow
La Niña
Land Breeze
Land Capability
Reading
Land Systems
Reading
Land-Bridge
Landsat
Reading
Landscape Ecology
Reading and Reference
Landslide
Reading
Lapié
Lapse Rate
Reading
Late Glacial
Latent Heat
Reading
Lateral Accretion
Reading
Lateral Flow
Lateral Migration
Reading
Lateral Moraine
Laterite
Reading and References
Latosol
Laurasia
Laurentide Ice Sheet
Reading
Lava
Law of the Wall
Reading
Leachate
Reference
Leaching
Leaching Requirement
Leaf Area Index (Lai)
Reading
Le Chatelier Principle
Lee Depression
Reading
Lee Dune
Lee Eddy
Lee Waves
Reading
Lessivage
Levée
Reading
Lichenometry
Reading
Lidar (The Acronym for Light Detection and Ranging)
Reading
Life Form
Lightning
Reading
Limiting Angles (Of Slopes)
Reference
Limiting Factors
Reading
Limnology
Limon
Line Squall
Lineament
Linear Dune
References
Liquid Limit
Lithification
Lithology
Lithosol
Lithosphere
Reading
Litter
Reference
Litter Dam
Little Climatic Optimum
Reading
Little Ice Age (Lia)
Reading and References
Littoral, Littoral Zone
Load, Stream
Load Structures
Reading
Local Climate
Local Winds
Lodgement Till
Loess
References
Logan Stone
Long Profile, River
Reading
Longitudinal Dune
Longshore Drift
Reading
Lopolith
Löss
Louderback
Low Flow Analysis
Reading
Luminescence Dating
Reading and References
Lunette Dune
Reading and References
Lynchet
Lysimeter
Reading and Reference
M
Maar
Macroecology
Reading
Macrofossils
Reading
Macrometeorology
Macrophyte
Macropore
Reading
Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO)
Reading
Maelstrom
Magma
Magnetic Anomaly
Reading
Magnetic Declination
Reading
Magnetic Storm
Magnetic Susceptibility
Reading
Makatea
Reading
Mallee
Mammilated Surface
Mangrove, Mangrove Forest
Reading and References
Manned Earth Resources Satellites
Reading
Manning Equation
Reading and References
Mantle
Reading
Mantle Plume
Reading
Maquis
Margalitic
Marginal Channel
Marine Isotope Stage (MIS)
Reading
Marine Pollution
Reading and References
Marker Horizon
Markov Process
Reading
Marl
Mass Balance
References
Mass Movement Types
Reading and References
Mass Strength (of Rock)
Reading
Matorral
Reading
Matrix Flow
Reading
Maturity
Maunder Minimum
Reading
Mean Sea Level
References
Meandering
Reading
Medieval Warm Period
Reading and Reference
Mediterranean Climate
References
Mega Dune (or DRAA)
Reference
Megafan
Reference
Megashear
Reading and Reference
Megathermal Climate
Mekgacha
Reference
Meltout Till
Meltwater
Reading and References
Memory Capacity (Landform)
Reference
Mercalli Scale
Reference
Mere
Meridional Circulation
Reading
Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC)
Mesa
Mesoclimate
Reading and Reference
Mesometeorology
Reading
Mesophyte
Mesoscale Cellular Convection
Mesosphere
Mesothermal Climate
Mesotrophic
Messinian Salinity Crisis
Reference
Meta-Analysis
Reading
Metamorphism
Metasomatism
Meteoric Water/Groundwater
Reference
Meteorological Satellite
Reading
Mesoscale
Reading
Mesoscale Convective Systems
References
Meteorology
Microclimate
Reading and References
Microcracks
Reading and Reference
Micro-Erosion Meter
Microfossils
Micrometeorology
Reading
Microphytes
Reading
Microtopography
References
Microwave Remote Sensing
Reading
Midden
Mid-Ocean Ridge
Reading
Migration
Reading
Milankovitch Hypothesis
Reading and References
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA)
Reading and References
Mima Mounds
Reading
Minimum Acceptable Flow
Mirage
Mire
Reading
Miombo Woodland
Reading
Misfit
Mist
Mistral
Reading and Reference
Mixing Corrosion
Mixing Models
References
Mobile Belt
Reading
Moder
Mogote (Haystack Hill)
Reading
Mohorovičić Discontinuity
Mohr–Coulomb Equation
Reading
Molard
Reference
Molasse
Moment Magnitude Scale
Reading
Momentum Budget
Reading
Monadnock
Monoclimax
Reading
Monocline
Monsoon
References
Monsoon Forest
Reading
Monumented Sections
Mor
Moraine
Reading and References
Morphogenetic Regions
Morphological Mapping
Reading
Morphodynamics
Reading
Morphometry
Reading and References
Morphotectonics (or Tectonic Geomorphology)
Reading
Mosaic Vegetation
Reading
Mottled Zone
Moulin
Reading
Mountain Meteorology
Reading
Mountain/Valley Wind
Reading
Mountains
Reading
Mudflats (or Mud Flats; Also Known as Tidal Flats)
Mud Lumps
Reading
Mud Volcano
Mull
Multiple Working Hypotheses
References
Multispectral Scanner
Reading
Muskeg
Reading
Muskingum Method
Reading
Mutation
Mutualism
Mycorrhizal Fungi
Reading
N
Nanism (or Microsomia)
Nappe
Natural Disaster
Reading
Natural Hazard
Reading and References
Natural Resources
Reading and References
Natural Selection
Natural Vegetation
Reading
Neap Tide
Nebkha (Also Nabkha)
Neck
Neck Cut-Off
Needle Ice
Reading
Negative Feedback
Nehrung
Neocatastrophism
Reference
Neo-Darwinism
Reading
Neoglacial
Reading and References
Neotectonics
Reading
Nephanalysis
References
Nephoscope
Neptunism
Reading
Neritic
Ness
Net Primary Productivity (NPP)
Reading and References
Net Radiation
Network
References
Neutron Probe
Reading
Nevé
Niche
Reading
Nick Point
Nimbostratus
Nimbus
Nitrate
Nitrification and Denitrification
Nitrogen Cycle
Reading
Nivation
Reading and Reference
Nivometric Coefficient
Reading
Noctilucent Clouds
Reading
Nonconformity
Nonlinear System
Reading
Nonrenewable Resource
Normal Cycle
Normal Fault
Normal Stress
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)
Reading
North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW)
References
North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO)
References
Notch
Reading
Nubbins
Nuclear Waste (Radwaste)
Reading
Nudation
Nuée Ardente (Glowing Cloud)
Numerical Modelling
Reading
Nunatak
Reference
Nutrient
Nutrient Status
References
O
Oasis
Obliquity
Reading
Obsequent Stream
Obsidian Hydration Dating (OHD)
Reading
Obstacle Dune
Occlusion
Occult Deposition
Reference
Ocean
Reading and Reference
Ocean Acidification
Reading
Ocean Drilling Programme (Or Program – ODP)
Ocean Sediments
Reading
Oceanic Crust
Reading
Oceanography
Reading
Ogives (Also Known As Forbes Bands)
Reading
Oil-Shale
Okta
Oligotrophic
Ombrotrophic
Onion-Weathering
Ontogeny (Ontogenesis)
Ooids
Reference
Oolite
Ooze
Open Channel Flow
Open System
Operational Land Imager
Reading
Opisometer
Optical Remote Sensing
Reading
Order, Stream
Reading and References
Organic Weathering
Orocline
Orogens
Orogeny
Reading
Orographic Precipitation
Osmosis
Ostracods
Reference
Outlet Glacier
Outlier
Outwash
Reading
Outwash Terrace
Overbank Deposit
Overbank Flow
Overdeepening, Glacial
Reference
Overflow Channel
Overland Flow
Reading
Overthrust
Overtopping
Reference
Overwashing
Reading
Oxbow
Oxidation
Oxygen Isotope
Reading and References
Ozone
Reading
Ozone Hole
Reading
P
Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO)
References
Pacific-Type Coast
Pack Ice
Padang
Palaeobotany
Palaeochannel
Reading
Palaeoclimatology
Reading
Palaeoecology
Reading
Palaeoenvironment
Palaeoenvironmental Indicators
Palaeogene
Palaeogeography
Palaeohydrology
Reading
Palaeomagnetism
Reading
Palaeosol
Reading
Palaeovelocity
Reading
Pali Ridge
Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI)
Palsa
Reading
Paludal Sediments
Paludification
Palynology
Pan
Reading
Panarchy
Reading and References
Panbiogeography
Panfan
Pangaea
Panplain
Pantanal
Parabolic Dunes
Reference
Paraglacial
Reading
Parallel Retreat
Parameterization
Reading and Reference
Páramo
Reading
Parasite
Parna
Reading and Reference
Partial Area Model
Reading
Partial Duration Series
Particle Form
Reading
Particle Size
Reading and Reference
Passive Margin
Reading
Pastoralism
References
Paternoster Lake
Patterned Ground
Reading
Pavement
Peak Discharge
Peat
Reading and Reference
Pedalfer
Pediment
Reading and References
Pedocal
Pedogenesis
Reference
Pedology
References
Pedon
Pedosphere
Peds
Pelagic
Reading and References
Penck and Brückner model
Reference
Peneplain
Reading and References
Penetrometer
Peninsula
Penman Formula
Perched Block
Reading
Perched Groundwater
Percolation
Percolation Gauge
Percoline
Perennial Stream
Pericline
Perigee
Periglacial
Reading and Reference
Perihelion
Permafrost
Reading and References
Permeability
Reading
Permeameter
Reading
Persistence
Reading
Perturbation
Perviousness
Pesticides
Reading and References
pF
Reading
p-form
References
pH
Phacolith
Phenology
Reading and Reference
Phoresy
Phosphate Rock
Reading
Photic Zone
Photochemical SMOG
Photogrammetry
Reading
Photosynthesis
Reading and Reference
Photosynthetic Pathway
Reference
Phreatic
Phreatic Divide
Phreatophytes
Reference
Phylogenesis
Physical Geography
Reading and References
Physical Meteorology
Reading
Physiography
References
Phytogeography
Reading
Phytogeomorphology
Reading and Reference
Phytokarst
References
Phytosociology
Reading
Piedmont
Reference
Piedmont Glacier
Piezometer
Reading
Piezometric Surface
Reading
Pingo
Reading
Piosphere (or Piosphere Effect)
Reading and Reference
Pipes
Reading and Reference
Pipkrakes
Pisoliths
Pitometer (or Pitot Tube)
Pixel
Reading
Planation Surface
Plane Bed
Reading
Planimeter
Plankton
Reading and References
Plastic Limit
Plasticity
Reading
Plate Tectonics
Reading
Plateau
Plateau Basalt
Playa
Reference
Playfair's Law
Reading and Reference
Pleistocene
Reading
Plinian Eruption
Plots, Erosion/Run-Off
Reading and References
Plucking
Reading
PLUME
Pluton
Plutonic
Plutonism
Pluvial
Pluviometric Coefficient
Pneumatolysis
Podzol
Reading
Point Bar Deposits
Reading
Polar Front
Reference
Polar Wander
Reading
Polder
Polje
Reading
Pollen Analysis
Reading
Pollution
Reading and References
Polyclimax
Polygonal Karst
Reference
Polynya
Polypedon
Polytopy
Reading
Pool and Riffle
Population Dynamics
Reference
Pore Ice
Reading
Pore Water Pressure
Reference
Porosity
Reading
Positive Feedback
Postglacial
Potamology
Potassium Argon (K/Ar) Dating
Reading
Potential Energy
Potential Evaporation
Reading and Reference
Potential Evapotranspiration
Potential Sand Transport
Potential Temperature (θ)
Pothole
Prairie
Pre-Boreal
Precession of the Equinoxes
Precipitation
Reading
Predation
Reading
Predator–Prey Relationships
Reading
Pressure, Air
Pressure Melting Point
Pressure Release
Prevailing Wind
Primarrumpf
Probable Maximum Precipitation
Process–Response System
Productivity
Profile
Proglacial
Proglacial Lake
Progradation
Protalus Rampart
Reading and Reference
Proximal Trough
Reading
Proxy
Pseudokarst
Reading
Pumice
Puna
Punctuated Aggradational Cycles
Reading
Push Moraine
Pyroclastic
Q
Quartz
Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO)
Quasi-Equilibrium
Quaternary
Reading and Reference
Quick Clay
Quickflow
Reading
Quicksand
R
R- and K-Selection
References
Radar
Reading
Radiation
Reading and Reference
Radiative Forcing
Radiocarbon Dating
Reading
Radiocarbon Years
Reference
Radioisotope
Reading
Radiolaria
Radiosonde
Radon Gas
Reading
Rain
Rain Day
Rain Factor
Rain Gauge
Reading
Rain Shadow
Rain Splash
Reading
Rainbeat Crust
Rainbow
Raindrop Impact Erosion
Reading and Reference
Rainfall
Rainfall Intensity
References
Rainfall Run-Off
Rainfall Simulator
Reading and Reference
Raised Beach
Reading
Raised Channel
Reference
Raised Mire
Ramsar Convention
Reading
Randkluft
Random-Walk Networks
Ranker
Rapids
Raster
Rated Section
Rating Curve
Reading
Rational Formula
Raunkiaer's Life Forms
Reference
Reach
Reaction Time
Reading
Recession Limb of Hydrograph, Recession Curve
Recharge
Recovery Time
Recumbent Fold
Recurrence Interval
Reading
Red Beds
Reading and Reference
Redox Cycle
Reading
Redox Potential
Reading
Reduced Complexity Models
Reference
Reef
Reference and Reading
Reflective Beach
Reading and Reference
Refraction, Wave
Reading and Reference
Refugia
Reading
Reg
Regelation
Reading
Regeneration Complex
Reading and Reference
Regime
References
Regime Theory
Reading and References
Regional Climate Model (RCM – or a Limited Area Model)
References
Regolith
References
Regosol
Regur
Rejuvenation
Relative Age
Relative Dating
Relative Humidity
Relaxation Time
Relic/Relict
Remanié
Remote Sensing
Reading
Rendzina
Renewable Resources
Representative and Experimental Basins
Reading and References
Reptation
Reference
Resequent Stream
Reservoir Rocks
Reservoir, Storage Effects Of
Reading
Residence Time
Residual Strength (or Residual Shear Strength)
Resilience
Reading and Reference
Resistance
Reading
Respiration
Resultant Wind
Resurgence
Reading
Retention Curve
Reading
Retention Forces
Reading
Retrogradation
Return Period
Reversed Fault
Reversed Polarity
Reversing Dune
Reynolds Number (Re)
Reference
Rheidity
Rheology
Reading
Rheotrophic
Rhexistasy
Rhizome
Rhizosphere
Rhodoliths
Reading
Rhourd
Ria
Ribbed Moraine
Richardson Number
Richter Denudation Slope
Reading
Richter Scale
Ridge and Runnel Topography
Reference
Riedel Shears
Riegel
Riffle
Rift Valley
Reading and Reference
Rifting
Reference
Rill
Reading and Reference
Rime Ice
Reading
Ring Complex
Reference
Ring-Dyke
Rip Current
Reading
Riparian
Reading
Ripple
Rising Limb
River Basin Planning (Integrated Basin Planning)
Reading and Reference
River Classification
References
River Discharge
River Metamorphosis
Reading and Reference
River Regime
River Restoration
Reading
River Terrace
Reading and References
Roche Moutonnée
Reading
Rock Coatings
Reading
Rock Drumlin
Rock Flour
Reading
Rock Glacier
Reading
Rock Mass Strength
Reference
Rock Quality Indices
Reading
Rock Step
Rock Varnish
References
Roddon
Reading
Rogen Moraine
Reading
Rollability
Reading
Rossby Waves
Reading
Rotational Failure
Reading
Rotor Streaming
Reading
Roughness
Reading and References
Roughness Length
Reading and References
Roundness
Reference
Routing, Flood
R-Selection
Ruderal Vegetation
Run-Off
Reading and References
Run-Off Plot
Reading
Ruware
S
Sabkha (Also Sabkhah)
Sahel
References
Salars
Salcrete
Reference
Salinization
References
Salt Marsh
Reading
Salt Tectonics
Salt Weathering
Reading
Saltation
Salt-Dome
Reading
Salt-Flat
Saltwater Intrusion
Sand
Sand Banks
Reference
Sand Lens
Sand Ramp
Reading and Reference
Sand Ridge
Sand Rivers
Sand Rose
References
Sand Sea
Reading and References
Sand Sheet
Reference
Sand Trap
References
Sand Volcano
Reading
Sand Wedge
Sandbed Channels
Sandstone
Reference
Sandstorm
Sandur (Pl. Sandar; Icelandic)
Reading
Sapping
Reading and Reference
Saprolite
Sapropel
Reading
Sarsen
Reading
Sastrugi
Satellite Meteorology
Reading
Saturated Wedge and Zone
Reading
Saturation Coefficient (or Degree of Saturation S)
Saturation Deficit
Saturation Overland Flow
Savanna (Savannah)
Reading
Scabland
Scald
Scar
Schmidt Hammer
Reading
Sciophyte
Sclerophyllous
Scoria
Scour and Fill
Scree
Reading
S-Curve
Sea Cliffs
References
Sea Ice
Reading
Sea/Land Breeze
Reading and Reference
Sea Level
References
Sea Mount
Sea Surface Temperature (SST)
Secondary Depression
Secondary Flows
Sediment, Fluvial
Reading and References
Sediment Budget
References
Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR)
Reading
Sediment Fabric
Sediment Routing
Reference
Sediment Yield
Reading and Reference
Sedimentary Rock
Seeding of Clouds
Segregated Ice
Reading
Seiche
Seif
Seismicity
Reading
Self-Mulching
Self-Organized Criticality (SOC)
Reading
Semi-Arid
Semi-Desert
Sensible Heat
Reading
Sensible Temperature
Sensitivity
Reading
Serac
Seral Community
Reading and Reference
Serclimax
Reading
Sere
Reading
Serir
Seston
Shakehole
Reference
Shale
Shape
Reading
Shear Box
Shear Strength
Reading
Shear Stresses
Reading
Sheet Erosion
Reading and Reference
Sheet Flow
Reading and Reference
Sheeting
Reading and Reference
Shelf
Shell Middens
Shell Pavements
Reading
Shield
Reading
Shield Volcano
Shields Parameter
Reading
Shoal
Shore
Shore Platforms
Reading
Shrink–Swell Soils
Reading
Sial
Sichelwannen
Reading
Sideways-Looking Airborne Radar (SLAR)
Reading
Sieve Analysis
References
Sieve Deposits
Reading and Reference
Silcrete
Reading
Sill
Silt
Siltation
Sima
Simulation
Reference
Singing Sands
Reading and References
Sinkhole
Reading
Sinter
Sinuosity
Siphon
Skerry
Reading
Skewness
Reading
Slab Failure
Reading
Slack
Slackwater Deposit
Reference
Slaking
Slickenside
Slide
Slip Face
Slip-Off Slope
Slope
Reading
Slope Replacement
Slope Wind
Smog
Reading
Snout, Glacial
Snow
Snow Line
Snowball Earth
Reading
Snowblitz Theory
Reading and References
Snowmelt
Reference
Soil
Reference
Soil Classification
Reading and Reference
Soil Crust
Soil Erosion
Reading and References
Soil Moisture Deficit
Reading and References
Soil Profile
Soil Structure
Soil Texture
Solar Constant
Solfatara
Solifluction
Reading and Reference
Solonchak
Solonetz
Solstice
Solum
Solutes
Reading and Reference
Solution, Limestone
Reading
Sorptivity s
Reading
Sorting
Reading
Source Area
Reading
Source Bordering Dune
Southern Oscillation
Speciation
Species–Area Curve
Reading
Specific Conductance
Specific Retention
Reading
Specific Yield
Reading
Spectral Analysis
Reading
Speleology
Reading
Speleothem
Reading
Sphagnum
Sphenochasm and Sphenopiezm
Sphericity
Spheroidal Weathering
Spits
Reading
Spring Line
Spring Mounds
Reading
Springs
Reading
Squall Line
Reading
Stability
References
Stability Analysis
Reading
Stable Equilibrium
References
Stable Isotope Geochemistry
Reading
Stack
Stadial
Staff Gauge
Stage
Stagnant Ice Topography
Reading and References
Stalagmite, Stalactite
Star Dune
Reading
Steady Flow
Steady State
Reference
Steam Fog
Stem Flow
Reading
Step-Pool Systems
Reading
Steppes
Stick Slip
Reading
Stilling Well
Stillstand
Stochastic Models
Reading and References
Stochastic Process
References
Stock
Stock Resources
Reference
Stokes' Surface
Reading and Reference
Stone Line
Stone Pavement
Reading and Reference
Storage
Reading
Storm Beach
Reading
Storm Run-Off
Storm Surges
Reading
Stoss
Strain
Strain Rate
Strandflat
Reading and References
Strandline
Stratigraphy
Reading
Stratocumulus
Stratosphere
Reading
Stratovolcano
Stream Capture
Stream Ordering
Stream Power
References
Streamline
Strength
Strength Equilibrium Slopes
Reading
Stress
Reading and Reference
Striated Soil
Striation
References
Strickler Equation
References
Strike
String Bog
Stromatolite (Stromatolith)
References
Strouhal Number
Reading
Sturzstrom
Reading and Reference
Subaerial
Suballuvial Bench
Sub-Atlantic
Sub-Boreal
Subclimax
Reading
Subduction Zones
Subglacial
Subglacial Bedforms
Reading and Reference
Subhumid
Reference
Sublimation
Sublittoral
Submarine Canyon
Reading
Subsequent Stream
Subsere
Reading
Subsidence
Reading
Succession
Reading and References
Suction
Suess Effect
Reading
Suffosion
Sulphation
Summit Plane
Sunspots
Supercontinent
Reading and References
Supercooling
Superimposed Drainage
Superimposed Ice
Reading
Superposition, Law of
Supersaturation
Supervised Classification
Reading
Supraglacial
Surf
Surface Detention
Reading
Surface Run-Off
Surface Storage
References
Surface Tension
Reading
Surge
Surging Glacier
Reading and References
Susceptible Drylands
Reference
Suspended Load
Sustainability
References
Sustained Yield
Reading
Sverdrup
Swale
Swallet
Swallow Hole (Or Swallet)
Swamp
Sympatry
Reading
Syncline
Synforms
Synoptic Climatology
Reading and References
Synoptic Meteorology
Reading and Reference
Systems
References
Syzygy
T
Tafoni
Taiga
Reading
Takyr
Reference
Talik
Talsand (‘Valley Sand’)
Reference
Talus
Tank
Tarn
Taxonomy
Tear Fault
Tectonics
Reading
Tektites
Reading
Teleconnections
Reference
Temperate Ice
Reading and References
Temperature
Temperature–Humidity Index
Reference
Temperature Inversion
Reading
Tensiometer
Reading
Tepee
Reading
Tephigram
Tephra
Tephrochronology
Reference
Terlough
Terminal Grades
References
Terminal Moraine
Terminal Velocity
Terminations
Reading
Termites
References
Terra Rossa
Terracette
Terrane
References
Terrestrial Magnetism
Reading
Tertiary
Tethys Sea
Reading
Thalassostatic
Thalweg
Thaw Lake
References
Thematic Map
Thematic Mapper (TM)
Reading
Thermal Depression
Thermal Efficiency
Reading and References
Thermal Equator
Thermal Infrared Linescanner
Reading
Thermal Infrared Sensor
Thermal Pollution
Reading
Thermal Wind vt
Thermistor
Thermoclasty
Thermocline
Reading
Thermocouple
Thermodynamic Diagram
Reading
Thermodynamic Equation
Thermograph
Thermohaline Circulation (THC)
Reading
Thermokarst
References
Thermoluminescence
Reading
Thermopile
Thickness
Reading
Thiessen Polygon
Reading
Tholoid
Threshold, Geomorphological
Reading and References
Threshold Slopes
Reading and Reference
Throughfall
Reading
Throughflow (or Subsurface Flow)
Reading
Throw of a Fault
Thrust
Thufur
Reading
Thunderstorm
Reading
Tidal Currents
Tidal Prism
Tidal Range
Tides
Reading
Till
References
Till Fabric Analysis
Reading
Tillite
Time-Transgressive
Reference
Timebound
Tolerance
Reading
Tombolo
Topographic Dune
Toposequence
Toppling Failure
Reading
Topset Beds
Tor
References
Toreva Blocks
Tornado
Reading
Torrent
Tower Karst
Reading
Tracers
Reading and References
Tractive Force
Reference
Trade Winds
Transfer Function
Reading
Transgression
Translational Slide
Transmission Loss
References
Transpiration
Reading
Transport Limited
Reading and Reference
Transverse Dune
Reading
Transverse Rib
Treeline
Triaxial Apparatus
Reading
Trombe's Curves
Reading
Trophic Levels
References
Tropical Cyclones
Reading and Reference
Tropical Forest
Reading
Tropical Rain Forest
Reading and References
Tropopause
Troposphere
Trottoir
Reading
Trough
Truncated Spur
Tsunami
Reading
Tufa
Reading and Reference
Tuff
Tundra
Reading
Tunnel Valleys
Tunnelling, Tunnel Gully Erosion
Reading
Turbidite
Turbidity Current
Turbulence
References
Turbulent Flow
Reading
Typhoon
U
Ubac
Unconformity
Underfit Stream
Reference
Underplating
Reading
Uniclinal
Uniclinal Shifting
Uniform Steady Flow
Uniformitarianism
References
Unit Hydrograph
Reading and Reference
Unit Response Graph
References
Unloading
Unstable Channels
Unstable Equilibrium
Unsteady Flow
Upper Level Westerlies
Upwelling
Uranium Series Dating
Reading
Urban Ecology
Reading
Urban Hydrology
Reading and Reference
Urban Meteorology
References
Urstromtäler
Reference
Uvala
V
Vadose
Reading
Valley Bulges (Valley-Bottom Bulges)
Reference
Valley Meanders
Reading and Reference
Valley Wind
Valloni
Van't Hoff's Rule
Vapour Pressure
Varves
Reading
Vasques
Reading
Vauclusian Spring
Vector
Veering
Velocity–Area Method
Reading
Velocity Profile and Measurement
Reading and Reference
Ventifact
Reading
Vertical Motion (In The Atmosphere)
Reading
Vertical Stability/Instability
Vertisol
Reading
Vesicular
Vicariance Biogeography
Reading and References
Vigil Network
Virgation
Viscosity
Reading
Vlei
Void Ratio
Volcano
Reading and References
Von Karman Constant
Reading
Vorticity
Reading
Vugh
Vulcanism
Reading
W
Wadi
Walker Circulation
Reading and Reference
Wallace's Line
Wallace's Realms
Reading and Reference
Walther's law
Reading
Waning Slopes
References
Warm Front
Warm Ice
Warm Occlusion
Warm Sector
Warping
Washboard Moraine
Water Balance
References
Water Mass
Reading and References
Water Table
Reading and Reference
Water Transfer
Waterfall
Reading
Watershed
Waterspout
Reading
Wave-cut Platform
Wavelet Transform
Waves
Reading
Waxing Slopes
Reference
Weather
Weather Forecasting
Reading
Weather Modification
Weather Type
Weathering
Reading
Weathering Front
Weathering Index
Reading
Weathering Potential Index
Reference
Weathering Profile
Reading
Weathering Rinds
Weathering-Limited Slopes
Reading
Wedge Failure
Weir
Reading
Wells
Westerlies
Wet-Bulb Temperature
Wetland
Reading
Wetted Perimeter
Wetting Front
Whirlwind
Width/Depth Ratio
Reference
Wilderness
Reference
Wilson Cycle
Reading
Wind
Reading
Wind Chill
Reading
Wind Rose
Reading
Wind Shadow
Reading
Wind Shear
World Heritage Site
Reference
X
X-ray Diffraction
Xerophyte
Y
Yardangs
Reading
Yazoo
Younger Dryas
Reading
Z
Zeuge
Zibar
Zonal Circulation
Zonal Soil
Zonality
Reading
Zonation
Zoogeography
Reading
Zoogeomorphology
Reading
Index
End User License Agreement
List of Tables
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
Table 4
Table 5
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
Table 1
Table 1
Table 2
Table 1
Table 2
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
Table 1
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
Table 4
Table 1
Table 2
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
Table 4
Table 1
Table 1
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
Table 4
List of Illustrations
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 1
Figure 2
Guide
Cover
Table of Contents
Contributors
Chapter 1
Pages
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