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For most religious people, the words God and sex never go together. God is conceived of as holy, pure, sexless, and as morally above the raw desires that so powerfully beset us. Sex, on the other hand, is conceived of as earthy and unholy, something we must snatch, and not without guilt, from the gods. Christianity has struggled mightily with sex; so too have most other religions. And yet when we look at sexual desire and ask where it comes from, there can be only one answer. It comes from God. This is a book on desire, its experience, its origins, its meaning, and how it might be generatively channeled. Sexuality is inside us to help lure us back to God, but dealing with this fire inside us is a lifelong struggle. Ron Rolheiser sheds light on this mystery and the journey it takes us on in these tantalizing fragments that help give us permission to feel what we feel and know that God is still smiling on us.
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RONALD ROLHEISER
Desire, Sexuality, Longing, and God
2021 First Printing
The Fire Within: Desire, Sexuality, Longing, and God
Copyright © 2021 by Ronald Rolheiser
Scripture texts in this work are taken from the New American Bible, revised edition © 2010, 1991, 1986, 1970 Confraternity of Christian Doctrine, Washington, D.C. and are used by permission of the copyright owner. All Rights Reserved. No part of the New American Bible may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the copyright owner.
ISBN 978-1-64060-666-1
The Paraclete Press name and logo (dove on cross) are trademarks of Paraclete Press.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Rolheiser, Ronald, author.
Title: The fire within : desire, sexuality, longing, and God / Ronald Rolheiser.
Description: Brewster, Massachusetts : Paraclete Press, 2021. | Summary: “Christianity has struggled mightily with sex, and so too have most other religions, yet when we look at sexual desire and ask where it comes from, there can be only one answer: it comes from God”-- Provided by publisher.
Identifiers: LCCN 2020044727 (print) | LCCN 2020044728 (ebook) | ISBN 9781640606661 (tradepaper) | ISBN 9781640606678 (epub) | ISBN 9781640606685 (pdf)
Subjects: LCSH: Sex--Religious aspects--Christianity. | Desire--Religious aspects--Christianity.
Classification: LCC BT708 .R567 2021 (print) | LCC BT708 (ebook) | DDC 233/.5--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020044727
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020044728
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, stored in an electronic retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or any other—except for brief quotations in printed reviews, without the prior permission of the publisher.
Published by Paraclete Press
Brewster, Massachusetts
www.paracletepress.com
Printed in the United States of America
PREFACE
PART ONE
Desire and Our Complex Humanity
1 LONGING AT THE CENTER OF OUR EXPERIENCE
2 RAW DESIRE
3 FEEDING OFF SACRED FIRE
4 CAVERNS OF FEELING
5 OUR CONGENITAL COMPLEXITY
6 OUR STRUGGLE WITH GRANDIOSITY
7 INCHOATE DESIRE
8 UNFINISHED SYMPHONIES
PART TWO
Dealing Humanly and Spiritually with Desire
9 PERPETUALLY DISTRACTED
10 SEX AS SACRAMENT
11 MOURNING OUR BARRENNESS
12 THE SACRAMENTALITY OF EVERYDAY LIFE
13 UNDERSTANDING THE DESERT OF LONELINESS
14 AN HONEST ANGER
15 DESIRE INTO PRAYER
16 WAITING
17 RE-IMAGINING CHASTITY
18 WHAT IS PURITY?
19 LIVING WITH FEELING AND SOUL
20 A PLEA FOR THE SOUL
21 A LONELY PLACE FROM WHICH TO PRAY AND SPEAK
22 WHAT WE LONG FOR
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
NOTES
At the age of eighteen, I entered religious life and began what is called novitiate. We were a group of twenty, all of us in our late teens or early twenties, and despite our commitment to religious life we were understandably restless, lonely, and fraught with sexual tension. One day we were given a talk from a visiting priest who began his conference with this question: “Are you guys a little restless? Feeling a bit cooped up here?” We nodded. He went on: “Well, you should be! You must be jumping out of your skins! All that young energy, boiling inside you! You must be going crazy! But it’s okay; that’s what you should be feeling if you’re healthy! It’s normal, it’s good. You’re young; that’s what youth feels like!”
Hearing this freed up something inside me. For the first time, in a language that actually spoke to me, someone had given me sacred permission to be at home inside my own skin.
It is normal to feel restless as a child, lonely as a teenager, and frustrated by lack of intimacy as an adult; after all, we live with insatiable desires of every kind, none of which will ever find complete fulfillment this side of eternity.
Where do these desires come from? Why are they so insatiable? What is their meaning?
The Catholic catechisms I was instructed from as a young boy and sermons I heard from the pulpit essentially answered those questions, but in a vocabulary far too abstract, theological, and churchy to do much for me existentially. They left me sensing there was an answer, but not one for me. So, I suffered my loneliness quietly. Moreover, I agonized because I felt that it was somehow not right to feel the way I did. My religious instruction, rich as it was, did not offer any benevolent smile from God on my restlessness and dissatisfaction. Puberty and the conscious stirring of sexuality within me made things worse. Now not only was I restless and dissatisfied, but also the raw feelings and fantasies that were besetting me were considered positively sinful.
That was my state of mind when I entered religious life and the seminary. Of course, the restlessness continued, but eventually my philosophical and theological studies gave me some understanding of what was so relentlessly stirring inside me and gave me sacred permission to be okay with that.
As I look back on my studies, a number of salient persons stand out in helping me understand the wildness, insatiability, meaning, and ultimate goodness of human desire. The first was St. Augustine. The now-famous quote with which he begins his Confessions: “You have made us for yourself, Lord, and our hearts are restless until they rest in you,” has forever served me as the key to tie everything else together. With that as my key for synthesis, I met this axiom in Thomas Aquinas: “The adequate object of the intellect and will is all being as such.” That might sound abstract, but even as a twenty-year-old, I grasped its meaning: in brief, what would you need to experience to finally say, “I am satisfied. Enough!” Aquinas’s answer: Everything!
Later in my studies, I read Karl Rahner. Like Aquinas, he too can seem hopelessly abstract when, for instance, he defines the human person as “Obediential potency living inside a supernatural existential.”1 Really? Well, what he means by that can be translated into a single counsel he once offered a friend: “In the torment of the insufficiency of everything attainable we ultimately learn that here, in this life, there is no finished symphony.”2
Finally, in my studies, I met the person and thought of Henri Nouwen. He continued to teach me what it means to live with your own pathological complexity, and he articulated this with a unique genius and in a fresh vocabulary. Reading Nouwen was like being introduced to myself, while still standing inside all my shadows. He helped give me the sense that it is normal, healthy, and not impure or unholy to feel all those wild stirrings with their concomitant temptations inside me.
Desire, restlessness, and sexuality constitute a formidable trinity.
Each of us is a bundle of untamed eros, of wild desire, of longing, of restlessness, of loneliness, of dissatisfaction, of sexuality, and of insatiability. Inside all that disquiet we need two things: an understanding of why (as Pascal once said) we cannot sit still in a room for one hour, and sacred permission to know it is normal and good to feel that way. In short, we need to know that our restlessness makes sense and that God is smiling on it.
One extra note on the particular restlessness we call sexuality. For most religious people, the words God and sex never go together. God is conceived of as holy, pure, sexless, and as morally above the raw desires that so powerfully beset us. Sex, on the other hand, is conceived of as earthy and unholy, something we must snatch, and not without guilt, from the gods. Christianity has struggled mightily with sex; so too have most other religions. It is hard to look with unblinking eyes at the perceived tension between God and sex. Piety and propriety prohibit it, and it is noteworthy that in the three great religious traditions that ultimately worship the same God, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, God is conceived of in the popular mind as a male celibate, masculine with no wife. So it is understandably difficult to postulate that sexuality finds its origins in God and even harder to not believe that those powerfully raw and earthy desires we feel are not at odds with what is pure and holy. And yet when we look at sexual desire and ask where it comes from, there can be only one answer. It comes from God. The same is true for its meaning.
Sexuality is inside us to help lure us back to God, bring us into a community of life with each other, and let us take part in God’s generativity. If that is true, and it is, then given its origin and meaning, its earthiness notwithstanding, sex does not set us against what is holy and pure. It is a Godly energy.
This is a book on desire, its experience, its origins, its meaning, and how it might be generatively channeled. T. S. Eliot in his masterful poem Four Quartets describes love and sin as two kinds of fire, with both saint and sinner feeding off the same divine energy but feeling that fire very differently. We will all be consumed by the fire, by desire; it is only a question of which kind of fire. “We only live, only suspire,” Eliot writes, “consumed by either fire or fire.”3 One brings peace, the other torment.
Dealing with this fire inside us is a lifelong struggle. As Gabriel Marcel might say, this is a mystery to be lived, not a problem to be solved. Trying to shed light on that mystery and the journey it takes us on has been perhaps the principal motif underlying my writing throughout more than forty years. What is offered here is not an attempt at some comprehensive vision—I have attempted that in other books4—but, rather, some tantalizing fragments that can help give us permission to feel what we feel and know that God is still smiling on us.
Ronald RolheiserJanuary 2, 2021
At the core of experience, at the center of our hearts, there is longing. At every level, our being aches and we are full of tension. We give different names to it—loneliness, restlessness, emptiness, longing, yearning, nostalgia, wanderlust, inconsummation. To be a human being is to be fundamentally dis-eased.
And this dis-ease lies at the center of our lives, not at the edges. We are not fulfilled persons who occasionally get lonely, restful people who sometimes experience restlessness, or persons who live in habitual intimacy and have episodic battles with alienation and inconsummation. The reverse is truer. We are lonely people who occasionally experience fulfillment, restless souls who sometimes feel restful, and aching hearts that have brief moments of consummation.
Longing and yearning are so close to the core of the human person that some theologians define loneliness as being the human soul; that is, the human soul is not something that gets lonely, it is a loneliness. The soul is not something that has a cavity of loneliness within it; it is a cavity of loneliness, a Grand Canyon without a bottom, a cavern of longing created by God. The cavern is not something in the soul. It is the soul. The soul is not a something that has a capacity for God. It is a capacity for God.
When Augustine says, “You have made us for yourself, Lord, and our hearts are restless until they rest in you,” he is, of course, pointing out the reason why God would have made us this way. And, as his prayer indicates, the ultimate value of longing lies precisely in its incessant nature; by never letting us rest with anything less than the infinite and eternal, it guarantees that we will seek God or be frustrated.
But beyond its ultimate purpose, to direct us toward our final purpose, the experience of longing has another central task in the soul. Metaphorically, it is the heat that forges the soul. The pain of longing is a fire that shapes us inside. How? What does the pain of longing do to the soul? What is the value in living in a certain perpetual frustration? What is gained by carrying tension?
