The Globalization and Development Reader E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Geisteswissenschaft
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 1396

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2014

Beschreibung

This revised and updated second edition of The Globalization and Development Reader builds on the considerable success of a first edition that has been used around the world. It combines selected readings and editorial material to provide a coherent text with global coverage, reflecting new theoretical and empirical developments.

• Main text and core reference for students and professionals studying the processes of social change and development in “third world” countries. Carefully excerpted materials facilitate the understanding of classic and contemporary writings
• Second edition includes 33 essential readings, including 21 new selections
• New pieces cover the impact of the recession in the global North, global inequality and uneven development, gender, international migration, the role of cities, agriculture and on the governance of pharmaceuticals and climate change politics
• Increased coverage of China and India help to provide genuinely global coverage, and for a student readership the materials have been subject to a higher degree of editing in the new edition
• Includes a general introduction to the field, and short, insightful section introductions to each reading
• New readings include selections by Alexander Gershenkron, Alice Amsden, Amartya Sen, Anne-Marie Slaughter, Cecile Jackson, Dani Rodrik, David Harvey, Greta Krippner, Kathryn Sikkink, Leslie Sklair, Margaret E. Keck, Michael Burawoy, Nitsan Chorev, Oscar Lewis, Patrick Bond, Peter Evans, Philip McMichael, Pranab Bardhan, Ruth Pearson, Sarah Babb, Saskia Sassen, and Steve Radelet

Leseprobe

CONTENTS

Cover

Title page

Copyright page

Preface and Acknowledgments

Globalization and Development

Why Are the Poor Countries Poor? Diverging Opinions

Social Turmoil and the Classical Thinkers

Becoming Modern

Dependency Theory and World-Systems Analysis

From Development to Globalization

Part 1: Formative Approaches to Development and Social Change

Introduction

1 Manifesto of the Communist Party (1848) and Alienated Labour (1844)

Manifesto of the Communist Party

Alienated Labour

2 The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (1905)

3 The Stages of EconomicGrowth

The Five Stages-of-Growth – A Summary

4 Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective (1962)

The Elements of Backwardness

The Banks

The State

The Gradations of Backwardness

Ideologies of Delayed Industrializations

Conclusions

5 A Study of Slum Culture

The Culture of Poverty

6 Political Participation

Modernization and Political Consciousness

Modernization and Violence

Part 2: Dependency and Beyond

Introduction

7 The Development of Underdevelopment (1969)

I

II

III

IV

V

VI

VII

VIII

IX

8 Dependency and Development in Latin America (1972)

Lenin’s Characterization of Imperialism

Imperialism and Dependent Economies

New Patterns of Capital Accumulation

New Forms of Economic Dependency

Some Political Consequences

9 The Rise and Future Demise of the World Capitalist System

10 Taiwan’s Economic History

Introduction

The Colonial Period: 1895–1945

Land to the Tiller

Agriculture 1953–1968

Industrialization

The Taiwan Case and Dependency Theory

A Special Case

A Crisis of Labor

References

11 Rethinking Development Theory

Introduction

Theoretical Perspectives on East Asian and Latin American Development: Perceptions and Misconceptions

The NICs in Historical and World-Systems Context

The Dynamic Interplay of Inward- and Outward-Oriented Industrialization

Dependent Development in Latin America and East Asia

The Emergent Global Manufacturing System: Toward a Theoretical Synthesis

References

12 Interrogating Development

Feminist Analysis versus Women and Development

Commonalities and Difference

Gender Interests and Emancipatory Projects

Domestic Groups: Cooperation, Conflict and Struggle

Feminisms and Green Fundamentalism

Gendered Economies: Relations of Production and Reproduction

Feminism as Deconstruction

References

13 Why Is Buying a “Madras” Cotton Shirt a Political Act? A Feminist Commodity Chain Analysis (2004)

A Critique of Realist Commodity Chains and the Feminist Alternative

Distant Lands, Moral Ends

Producing Cotton: Changing Wage and Labor Relations in South India

Producing Femininities and Masculinities

Conclusion

Part 3: What Is Globalization?

Introduction

14 The New International Division of Labour in the World Economy (1980)

The Phenomenon

Main Tendencies in the Contemporary World Economy

15 In Defense of Global Capitalism (2003)

Introduction

Poverty Reduction

Hunger

Democratization

Oppression of Women

Global Inequality

Reservations

16 It’s a Flat World, After All (2005)

17 The Financialization of the American Economy (2005)

Introduction

Two Views of Economic Change

Evidence for Financialization

Financialization and the Reorganization of Corporate Activity

Financialization and the Globalization of Production

Global Portfolio Income of US Non-financial Corporations

Global Financial and Non-financial Profits of US Corporations

Conclusion

References

18 The Transnational Capitalist Class and the Discourse of Globalization (2000)

Introduction

The Transnational Capitalist Class (TCC)

The Disclosure of Capitalist Globalization: Competitiveness

The Corporate Capture of Sustainable Development

19 The Washington Consensus as Transnational Policy Paradigm

The Washington Consensus as a Transnational Policy Paradigm

The Rise of the Washington Consensus

The Influence of the Washington Consensus

References

20 The Crises of Capitalism (2010)

Part 4: Development after Globalization

Introduction

21 Global Crisis, African Oppression (2001)

The African Crisis Continues

22 Agrofuels in the Food Regime (2010)

Introduction

Food Regimes and Development

The Twenty-First Century Agrarian Question

Corporate Food Regime Developments

Food Regime Ecology

Conclusion

References

23 Global Cities and Survival Circuits (2002)

Global Cities and Survival Circuits

Toward an Alternative Narrative about Globalization

Women in the Global City

New Employment Regimes in Cities

The Other Workers in the Advanced Corporate Economy

Producing a Global Supply of the New Caretakers: The Feminization of Survival

Government Debt: Shifting Resources from Women to Foreign Banks

Alternative Survival Circuits

Conclusion

24 What Makes a Miracle

25 Foreign Aid (2006)

Introduction

Donors and recipients

Aid, Growth and Development

Donor Relationships with Recipient Countries

Summary and conclusions

References

26 The Globalization Paradox

The Political Trilemma of the World Economy

Designing Capitalism 3.0

Part 5: Global Themes Searching for New Paradigms

Introduction

27 A New World Order (2004)

Regulators: The New Diplomats

References

28 Transnational Advocacy Networks in International Politics (1998)

What Is a Transnational Advocacy Network?

Why and How Have Transnational Advocacy Networks Emerged?

The Boomerang Pattern

The Growth of International Contact

How Do Transnational Advocacy Networks Work?

Under What Conditions Do Advocacy Networks Have Influence?

Issue Characteristics

Actor Characteristics

Toward a Global Civil Society?

29 Multipolarity and the New World [Dis]Order

Introduction

Copenhagen and Climate Justice

Multipolarity and the New World (Dis)Order

US Hegemonic Decline: Applying the Lens of Arrighi and Silver

Discussion and Conclusion

References

30 Changing Global Norms through Reactive Diffusion

Making and Remaking of Global Norms: Current Views

Reactive Diffusion and Accumulated Experiences

From TRIPS to Doha and Beyond

Discussion

References

31 Development as Freedom (1999)

Introduction: Development as Freedom

The Perspective of Freedom

The Ends and the Means of Development

Poverty as Capability Deprivation

Markets, State and Social Opportunity

32 From Polanyi to Pollyanna

False Optimism

Grounding Globalization

Reconstructing Polanyi

33 The Developmental State

The Recent Evolution of Development Theory

The Twentieth-Century Developmental State

A Historical Shift in the Character of Development

The Programmatic Implications of New Theory and New Circumstances

Does the Twenty-First Century Spell the Transformation or the Demise of the Developmental State?

References

Index

End User License Agreement

List of Tables

Chapter 11

Table 11.1 The structure of dependent development in Latin America and East Asia

Chapter 25

Table 25.1 Major aid recipients, 2006

Table 25.2 Official aid receipts by region, 2006

Chapter 30

Table 30.1 Timeline and description of innovation through reactive diffusion

Chapter 32

Table 32.1 Contrasting Great Transformations

List of Illustrations

Chapter 11

Figure 11.1 Paths of Industrialization in Latin America and East Asia: Commonalities, Divergence, and Convergence

Chapter 17

Figure 17.1 Relative industry shares of employment in US economy, 1950–2001.

Figure 17.2 Relative industry shares of current-dollar GDP in US economy, 1950–2001.

Figure 17.3 Relative industry shares of corporate profits in US economy, 1950–2001.

Figure 17.4 Ratio of portfolio income to cash flow for US non-financial corporations, 1950–2001.

Figure 17.5 Ratio of portfolio income to cash flow for US manufacturing and non-manufacturing industries, 1950–2001.

Figure 17.6 Share of total portfolio income accounted for by individual components for US non-financial corporations, 1950–2001.

Figure 17.7 Ratio of financial to non-financial profits and cash flow in US economy, 1950–2001.

Figure 17.8 Ratio of global and domestic portfolio income to cash flow for US non-financial firms, 1978–99.

Figure 17.9 Ratio of foreign-source and domestic portfolio income to cash flow for US non-financial firms, 1978–99.

Figure 17.10 Ratio of financial to non-financial global profits earned by US corporations, 1977–99.

Figure 17.11 Ratio of financial to non-financial profits earned abroad by US corporations, 1977–99.

Chapter 25

Figure 25.1

Global ODA 1975–2006

Chapter 26

Figure 26.1 Pick two, any two

Chapter 32

Figure 32.1 Three waves of marketization.

Guide

Cover

Table of Contents

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The Globalization and Development Reader

Perspectives on Development and Global Change

Second Edition

Edited by

J. Timmons Roberts, Amy Bellone Hite, and Nitsan Chorev

This second edition first published 2015Editorial material and organization © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, LtdEdition history: Blackwell Publishing Ltd (1e, 2007)

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The globalization and development reader : perspectives on development and global change / edited by J. Timmons Roberts, Amy Bellone Hite, and Nitsan Chorev. – Second edition.  pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index.

 ISBN 978-1-118-73510-7 (pbk.)1. Developing countries–Economic conditions. 2. Developing countries–Social conditions. 3. Globalization. I. Roberts, J. Timmons. II. Hite, Amy. III. Chorev, Nitsan. HC59.7.G564 2015 330.9172′2–dc23

    2014030308

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Cover image: Fishing Village at Lei Yue Mun, Hong Kong © Melissa Tse / Getty Images

Preface and Acknowledgments

You may wonder, “Why do we need yet another book about globalization and development?” “Globalization” – the spread of economies, cultures, and power across national borders – has become a buzzword which is usually evoked unquestioningly. It is used so sloppily that it often produces little illumination. Because it is widely seen as inevitable and nearly inalterable, globalization is often presented as a force that must be embraced without reserve, but doing so benefits some people while putting others at grave risk. The term “development” is loaded enough to turn off thoughtful people of many ideological stripes. Leonard Frank once called development “a whore of a word,” since it hid within its rosy and altruistic-sounding exterior the selfish interests of imperialistic governments, expansionist firms, careerist professionals, and international “humanitarian” agencies that benefit from the neediness of poor nations. So do we simply throw these terms in the rubbish bin?

We don’t believe so. These terms, when used carefully, are useful not only to policy wonks, corporate visionaries, academic types, or empire-builders, but to everyone concerned about the world’s future, and their own. Our goal in compiling the selections for this book and its previous edition has been to demystify the social impacts of large-scale global economic change by offering non-specialist audiences carefully selected and manageable excerpts of both classic and current path-breaking scholarship. We hope these provide readers with tools to understand globalization and development better, to clarify the scope of this field, to question the causes and consequences of these processes, and to rethink their inevitability and direction.

The Globalization and Development Reader, published in 2007, was actually a substantial revision of our 2000 Reader, From Modernization to Globalization. We compiled both of those volumes to give students and other interested readers a taste of the best readings in the field – broadly social science perspectives on international development and global change. As we considered the request from Wiley-Blackwell for another update, we envisioned substantial changes and sought new and fresh perspectives on the field by inviting Nitsan Chorev as an additional editor. This volume is the fruit of this latest collaboration, offering a major revision and something of an expansion: of the book’s 33 selections, 21 are new.

First of all, we’ve maintained most of the classics from the previous editions, even restoring one from the first volume, the controversial 1968 Lewis piece about slum culture and development. The first two sections maintain the great foundational pieces and thinkers, like Marx and Engels, Weber, Rostow, Huntington, Frank, Cardoso, Wallerstein, and Gereffi, while adding the classic 1962 Gerschenkron piece on economic backwardness in Part I and three new pieces in Part II. Those are Amsden’s 1979 analysis of Taiwan’s state-led approach to development, an evaluative summary of scholarship on gender and development by Pearson and Jackson, and an innovative 2004 article by Ramamurthy that attends to gender in the “commodity chain” approach, which studies supply chains of products from extraction to producer to marketer and consumer.

We almost entirely revamped the latter three sections, with large numbers of new and recent pieces. Just four of the 20 pieces in Parts III, IV, and V appeared in the first edition (Fröbel, Heinrichs, and Kreye; Norberg; Friedman; and part of the original Keck and Sikkink). For several selections, we include more recent work by key scholars: McMichael, Sassen, Harvey, Sklair, Rodrik, and Evans. Several of these and the other new readings are already classics; some we believe should be a part of core development studies canons. Many build upon each other in useful ways or take opposing views that allow the reader to contrast their positions.

In addition to updating the selections by leaders in this field, we selected the new 21 pieces based on suggestions from reviewers and readers, as well as the global social changes affecting the world in the last half-decade. We include more focus on India and China, whose rise has reshaped the global economic and geopolitical systems. We have added a series of pieces that seek to capture the reshaped globe after the 2008–10 “Great Recession” in the global North, and what it has meant for developing countries. We have added pieces on gender, on the role of cities, on agriculture, and on the governance of pharmaceuticals and climate change politics. We finish the volume with some new classics.

The need for a globally sophisticated generation of students, scholars, and practitioners has never been greater. We have sought to make this Reader useful for teaching and learning about critical and rapidly changing global issues. However, we must remind readers of the limitations of such a text. First, we always sought pieces accessible to upper level undergraduates and early graduate students, and our introductions and abridging were completed with them in mind. Second, in spite of careful abridging and succinct introductions, page limitations inevitably result in the exclusion of many great pieces. We thank our many reviewers of the previous editions and our proposed revisions for this one, who alerted us to important omissions and possible additions. We were unable to include all the important work suggested, and we had to shorten some pieces more than might have been ideal: we hope readers will take up these authors’ work more fully. We hope the discussions that result from teaching these works are exciting, and that emerging scholars in this field will find inspiration in what is here as well as in what is missing.

In addition to the authors of the selections we present here, many individuals contributed to this volume. At Blackwell, we owe special thanks to Justin Vaughan and Ben Thatcher. Their patience and support for the project were invaluable. Ann Bone did the most thorough and extremely competent copy editing work we have ever seen. Given her ability to improve stylistic and substantive elements of the manuscript, we’d grant her an honorary degree if we could. Zeb Korycinska came in with a wonderfully thorough and useful index that creates a whole new perspective on the volume. We’re grateful for all their work, and for that of the typesetters. Finally, we owe many, many thanks for the love and support our families have offered as we pored over this manuscript during hours that were rightly theirs.

Timmons Roberts, Amy Bellone Hite, and Nitsan ChorevProvidence, New Orleans, and Princeton

Globalization and Development:Recurring Themes

Amy Bellone Hite, J. Timmons Roberts, and Nitsan Chorev

One week in April 2013 brought home how global forces of change affect our lives, and how important it is to understand development and the international system to know how we might respond.

A huge factory in Bangladesh producing cheap goods for the global market collapsed, killing over 1,100 people and injuring 2,500 others. The Rana Plaza workers were earning under US$50 per month sewing garments for giant firms like Walmart, J. C. Penney, Dress Barn, and Primark.

Two ethnic Chechen immigrants who came to the United States from Dagestan, a region long oppressed by Russian occupation, placed homemade bombs at the finish line of the Boston Marathon, killing three people and wounding over 200 spectators.