The Handbook of Language and Globalization E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Geisteswissenschaft
• Serie: Blackwell Handbooks in Linguistics
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 1458

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2011

Beschreibung

The Handbook of Language and Globalization brings together important new studies of language and discourse in the global era, consolidating a vibrant new field of sociolinguistic research. * The first volume to assemble leading scholarship in this rapidly developing field * Features new contributions from 36 internationally-known scholars, bringing together key research in the field and establishing a benchmark for future research * Comprehensive coverage is divided into four sections: global multilingualism, world languages and language systems; global discourse in key domains and genres; language, values and markets under globalization; and language, distance and identities * Covers an impressive breadth of topics including tourism, language teaching, social networking, terrorism, and religion, among many others * Winner of the British Association for Applied Linguistics book prize 2011

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Cover

Endorsements

Blackwell Handbooks in Linguistics

Title page

Copyright page

Illustrations

Acknowledgments

Introduction: Sociolinguistics in the Global Era

The End of Globalization?

Global Multilingualism, World Languages and Language Systems

Global Discourse in Key Domains and Genres

Language, Values, and Markets under Globalization

Language, Distance, and Identities

Part I: Global Multilingualism, World Languages, and Language Systems

1 Globalization, Global English, and World English(es): Myths and Facts

Introduction

What Is Globalization and What Is New about It?

Colonization and Globalization

The European Colonial Expansion since the Fifteenth Century

The British Empire, the British Commonwealth, and the Emergence of English as a Pre-Eminent ‘World Language’

World Englishes

The Fallacy of ‘Global English’

Will there Be an English-Only Europe?

Conclusions

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

2 Language Systems

The Communication Potential of a Language: The Q-Value

Recorded Language as Collective Cultural Capital

Protectionism and Free Trade in Cultural Exchange

Monoglossia, Polyglossia, and Heteroglossia

The Case of the European Union

English as the Hub of the World Language System

3 The Global Politics of Language: Markets, Maintenance, Marginalization, or Murder?

Prospects for the World’s Languages

From Colonization to Corporate Globalization

Linguistic Neo-Imperialism

Why Are Languages ‘Disappearing’? The Role of Formal Education

Linguistic Genocide and Crimes against Humanity in Education

Linguistic and Cultural Diversity and Biodiversity: Correlational and Causal Relationships

Linguistic Human Rights in Market-Oriented Globalization

Moral and Welfare Considerations: Costs of Diversity

4 World Languages: Trends and Futures

The Concept of ‘World Language’: Ranks and Degrees

World Languages and Their Ranking Order

Non-Native Speakers

Native Speakers

Economic Strength

Official Status

Economy

Science

The Rise and Stabilization of a Single, World Lingua Franca

The Rise of New and the Continuation of Traditional Subordinate and Bilateral World Languages

5 Language Policy and Globalization

Introduction

The Role of English in Globalization

Spanish and English in the New World

Comparative Case Studies

Globalization and Language Policies: Paradoxes and Possibilities

6 Panlingual Globalization

Predicting Unilingual Globalization

Strategies for Panlingual Globalization

Engineering Panlingual Globalization

Prototypes, Experiments, and Results

Future and Related Work

Conclusion

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

7 The Spread of Global Spanish: From Cervantes to reggaetón

Introduction

The Spread of Spanish

‘Global’ Spanish

Spanish and Globalization

Language Policies and Planning from ‘above’: The Influence of Spain on Global Spanish

Glocalization and Counter-Spread of Global Spanish

Spanish in the US: Global versus Local Standards

Popular Music and Counter-Global Spanish

Conclusion

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

8 New National Languages in Eastern Europe

Introduction

Unification versus Division: Language Policies in the Space of Former Yugoslavia

Constructing/Inventing the National Languages

Designing and Implementing Language Policies

Challenging the National Languages

National Languages and Language Change

Part II: Global Discourse in Key Domains and Genres

9 Localizing the Global on the Participatory Web

Introduction

Localization, Recontextualization, and Vernacularity

Web 2.0: Participation, Convergence, and the Rise of Vernacular Spectacles

Exploring Spectacles: Analytical Concepts for Web 2.0 Research

Recontextualized Spectacles: Local Responses to Global Media Content

Two ‘Bavarian’ Recontextualizations on YouTube

Discussion: Vernacular Spectacles as ‘Localization from Below’

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

APPENDIX: SOURCES OF EXCERPTS (ALL ACCESSED ON JANUARY 24, 2010)

10 Globalizing the Local: The Case of an Egyptian Superhero Comic

Introduction

Narrative Adaptation

Translating Narrative and Dialogue

Multi-modality

Conclusion

11 Language and the Globalizing Habitus of Tourism: Toward a Sociolinguistics of Fleeting Relationships

Tourism under/as Global Capitalism

Language as Commodity

Turning to Tourism: Language on the Move

Being a Tourist, Doing Tourism: The Performance of Contact

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

TRANSCRIPTION CONVENTIONS

12 Globalization and Language Teaching

Introduction

The Rise of CLT/TBLT

CLT/TBLT as a Globalized Phenomenon

The Global TEIL Textbook and Commodified Identities

Conclusion

13 Discursive Constructions of Global War and Terror

Introduction

Dialogism and Global Interchange

The ‘War on Terror’ Discourse in Serbia

Recontextualization of Terrorism Discourses on Al-Jazeera

Construction of the Terrorist ‘Enemy’ through Their Own Words

Conclusion

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

14 Has God Gone Global? Religion, Language, and Globalization

The Southern Shift

Mixing It Up: Hybridity in Form and Function

Virtually Everywhere

Show Me the Money

Fundamentally Speaking

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Part III: Language, Values, and Markets under Globalization

15 Language as Resource in the Globalized New Economy

What Is Global? What Is New?

The Management of Linguistic Resources

The Production, Distribution, and Attribution of Value to Linguistic Resources

Language as Resource, Language as System: Nation–States and Post-Nationalism?

16 Language and Movement in Space

Two Paradigms

Globalization, Super-Diversity, and Multilingualism

Accents, Shifting, and Microvariation

Conclusion: The Unfinished Story

17 Indexing the Local

Regional Dialects in Contact

Dialect Awareness

Place, Indexical Order, and the Resemioticization of Regional Forms

Mobility and Resemioticization

Discussion

18 Ecolinguistics and Globalization

Introduction

Movement of Peoples: The First Wave

Movement of Written Materials: The Second Wave

Movement of Discourses: The Third Wave

Toward Sustainability

Conclusion

19 The Chinese Discourse of Human Rights and Glocalization

Introduction

Contextualizing Chinese Discourse

Growing Discourses of Human Rights

Let the ‘Other’ Speak/Act, Listen, Be Informed, and Critique

Conclusions

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

20 Meanings of ‘Globalization’: East and West

Introduction

Motivations for the Study

Methodological Issues

Method

Results and Discussion

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

21 Languages and Global Marketing

Introduction

Global Marketing

Differentiation and Segmentation in Global Marketing

“i’m lovin’ it”

Discussion

Conclusion

Part IV: Language, Distance, and Identities

22 Shadows of Discourse: Intercultural Communication in Global Contexts

Introduction

Intercultural Communication in a Global Age

Global Intercultural Communication in a Tanzanian Eco-Partnership

Discussion

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

TRANSCRIPTION CONVENTIONS

23 Unraveling Post-Colonial Identity through Language

Introduction

Colonial Contact and the Sacred Imagined Community

Post-Colonial Identity, Agency, and Awareness

Post-Colonial Identity and Linguistic Acts of Resistance

Conclusions

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

24 At the Intersection of Gender, Language, and Transnationalism

Introduction

From ‘Women’s Work’ to ‘Migrant Women’s Work’

The Sexualization of the World and the Commercialization of Sex

Conclusion

25 Globalization and Gay Language

Cosmopolitan References and Tacit Subjects

Globalization, Sexual Sameness, and the Question of National Language

Conclusions: Gay Language, Global Finance, Cosmopolitan Reference, and Masculine Privilege

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

26 Metroethnicities and Metrolanguages

Introduction

Language, Society, Performance

Brazil! Que bonito é! Language as Play

Ethnicity Lite: Beckham Bends It

It Ain’t Mix. It’s REMIX

Portable Ethnicity and Language Revival

A Lite Touch

Ethnic jouissance: The Case of Japan

Conclusion: Teach Yourself Irish

27 Popular Cultures, Popular Languages, and Global Identities

Globalization and Cultural Flows

360 Degrees: Other Circles, Other Flows

Languages Remixed

Challenging Language Realities

28 Global Representations of Distant Suffering

Globalization, Representation, Ethics

The Textuality of Mediation

The Analytics of Mediation

The Construction of Communitarian Publics

The Construction of Cosmopolitan Publics

The Global Representation of Suffering

Conclusion

29 Global Media and the Regime of Lifestyle

Introduction

Monolithic Identity and the Power of the Nation-State

Flexible Reflexive Identity and Corporate Power

Genre and Choice

The Regime of Lifestyle Identity

The Power of Classification

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Index

Praise for The Handbook of Language and Globalization

Winner of the 2011 British Association of Applied Linguistics Book Prize.

“An enlightening and engaging collection by eminent international scholars. A major resource for the study of theoretical and pragmatic approaches to Global English, including concerns about ‘marginalization’ and ‘murder’ of languages.”

Braj B. Kachru, Professor Emeritus, University of Illinois

“This Handbook provides a fascinating exposition of the complex, multidimensional nature of globalization as it pertains to the world’s languages. Coupland has marshalled authors at the forefront of their fields who offer a diversity of approaches and do not flinch from disputes and challenging questions. I suspect that this Handbook will transform the discourse on globalization within linguistics and will impel a reconsideration of whether linguistic diversity is inevitably impacted by global processes.”

Margaret Florey, Resource Network for Linguistic Diversity

Blackwell Handbooks in Linguistics

This outstanding multi-volume series covers all the major subdisciplines within linguistics today and, when complete, will offer a comprehensive survey of linguistics as a whole.

Already published:

The Handbook of Child Language

Edited by Paul Fletcher and Brian MacWhinney

The Handbook of Phonological Theory, Second Edition

Edited by John A. Goldsmith, Jason Riggle, and Alan C. L. Yu

The Handbook of Contemporary Semantic Theory

Edited by Shalom Lappin

The Handbook of Sociolinguistics

Edited by Florian Coulmas

The Handbook of Phonetic Sciences, Second Edition

Edited by William J. Hardcastle and John Laver

The Handbook of Morphology

Edited by Andrew Spencer and Arnold Zwicky

The Handbook of Japanese Linguistics

Edited by Natsuko Tsujimura

The Handbook of Linguistics

Edited by Mark Aronoff and Janie Rees-Miller

The Handbook of Contemporary Syntactic Theory

Edited by Mark Baltin and Chris Collins

The Handbook of Discourse Analysis

Edited by Deborah Schiffrin, Deborah Tannen, and Heidi E. Hamilton

The Handbook of Language Variation and Change

Edited by J. K. Chambers, Peter Trudgill, and Natalie Schilling-Estes

The Handbook of Historical Linguistics

Edited by Brian D. Joseph and Richard D. Janda

The Handbook of Language and Gender

Edited by Janet Holmes and Miriam Meyerhoff

The Handbook of Second Language Acquisition

Edited by Catherine J. Doughty and Michael H. Long

The Handbook of Bilingualism and Multilingualism, Second Edition

Edited by Tej K. Bhatia and William C. Ritchie

The Handbook of Pragmatics

Edited by Laurence R. Horn and Gregory Ward

The Handbook of Applied Linguistics

Edited by Alan Davies and Catherine Elder

The Handbook of Speech Perception

Edited by David B. Pisoni and Robert E. Remez

The Handbook of the History of English

Edited by Ans van Kemenade and Bettelou Los

The Handbook of English Linguistics

Edited by Bas Aarts and April McMahon

The Handbook of World Englishes

Edited by Braj B. Kachru; Yamuna Kachru, and Cecil L. Nelson

The Handbook of Educational Linguistics

Edited by Bernard Spolsky and Francis M. Hult

The Handbook of Clinical Linguistics

Edited by Martin J. Ball, Michael R. Perkins, Nicole Mller, and Sara Howard

The Handbook of Pidgin and Creole Studies

Edited by Silvia Kouwenberg and John Victor Singler

The Handbook of Language Teaching

Edited by Michael H. Long and Catherine J. Doughty

The Handbook of Language Contact

Edited by Raymond Hickey

The Handbook of Language and Speech Disorders

Edited by Jack S. Damico, Nicole Mller, Martin J. Ball

The Handbook of Computational Linguistics and Natural Language Processing

Edited by Alexander Clark, Chris Fox, and Shalom Lappin

The Handbook of Language and Globalization

Edited by Nikolas Coupland

The Handbook of Hispanic Linguistics

Edited by Manuel Díaz-Campos

The Handbook of Language Socialization

Edited by Alessandro Duranti, Elinor Ochs, and Bambi B. Schieffelin

The Handbook of Intercultural Discourse and Communication

Edited by Christina Bratt Paulston, Scott F. Kiesling, and Elizabeth S. Rangel

The Handbook of Historical Sociolinguistics

Edited by Juan Manuel Hernández-Campoy and Juan Camilo Conde-Silvestre

The Handbook of Hispanic Linguistics

Edited by José Ignacio Hualde, Antxon Olarrea, and Erin O’Rourke

The Handbook of Conversation Analysis

Edited by Jack Sidnell and Tanya Stivers

The Handbook of English for Specific Purposes

Edited by Brian Paltridge and Sue Starfield

This paperback edition first published 2013

© 2013 Blackwell Publishing Ltd except for editorial material and organization © 2013 Nikolas Coupland

Edition History: Blackwell Publishing Ltd (hardback, 2010)

Blackwell Publishing was acquired by John Wiley & Sons in February 2007. Blackwell’s publishing program has been merged with Wiley’s global Scientific, Technical, and Medical business to form Wiley-Blackwell.

Registered Office

John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK

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The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK

For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services, and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell.

The right of Nikolas Coupland to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher.

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Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

The handbook of language and globalization / edited by Nikolas Coupland.

 p. cm. – (Blackwell handbooks in linguistics)

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-1-4051-7581-4 (hardcover : alk. Paper) ISBN 978-1-118-34717-1 (paperback : alk. Paper)

1. Language and languages—Globalization—Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Languages in contact—Handbooks, manuals, etc. 3. Linguistic change—Handbooks, manuals, etc. 4. Sociolinguistics—Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Coupland, Nikolas, 1950–

 P130.5.H358 2010

 306.44–dc22

2010003118

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Cover image: August Macke, Playing Forms, 1914. Städtisches Kunstmuseum, Bonn. Photo © Erich Lessing/akg-images.

Cover design by Workhaus

Illustrations

4.1

Studies of German as a foreign language worldwide: Quartiles of density. Data from StADaF 2005: 8–15 

4.2

Shares of languages in science publications, 1880–2005: overall average percentage for biology, chemistry, medicine, physics, and mathematics. Sources: Tsunoda 1983; Ammon 1998; the author’s own analysis, with the help of Abdulkadir Topal and Vanessa Gawrisch, of

Biological Abstracts

,

Chemical Abstracts

,

Physics Abstracts

and

Mathematical Reviews

4.3

Shares of languages in publications of the social sciences, years 1880–2006: overall average percentage for anthropology, political science, economics, and sociology. Shares of other languages are smaller than 1 percent during entire time span. Sources:

International Bibliography of the Social Sciences

, IBSS; the author’s own analysis, with help of Vanessa Gawrisch 

6.1

Globalization and unilingualization. Created by author 

6.2

Low-density language dilemma. Created by author 

6.3

Low-density language dilemma with diversity popular. Created by author 

6.4

Simple lexical resource. Source:

http://www.erlang.com.ru/euskara/?basque

. Author: Kirill Panfilov. © Erlang. Data retrieved 26 January 2010. Used with permission 

6.5

Complex lexical resource. Source: Digital South Asia Library. Author: Henry George Raverty, in

A Dictionary of the Puk’hto, Pus’hto, or Language of the Afghans: With Remarks on the Originality of the Language, and Its Affinity to Other Oriental Tongues

(Williams and Norgate, 1867, p. 146). Used with permission 

6.6

Graphical interpretation of denotations. Created by author 

6.7

Illustration of the need for translation inference. Created by author 

9.1

Screenshot of “Schwappe Productions – An Preller.” Source:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=icmraBAN4ZE

10.1

Zein, the last pharaoh. From AK Comics (2005)

The Year of the Beast

,

Zein

4, Cairo 

10.2

Narrative box. From AK Comics (2005)

The Year of the Beast

,

Zein

4, Cairo 

10.3

Graphic prosody substitutes (English version). From AK Comics (2005)

The Year of the Beast

,

Zein

4, Cairo 

10.4

Graphic prosody substitutes (Arabic version). From AK Comics (2005)

The Year of the Beast

,

Zein

4, Cairo 

10.5

Temporal structure of exclamations in English. From AK Comics (2005)

The Year of the Beast

,

Zein

4, Cairo 

10.6

Temporal structure of exclamations in Arabic. From AK Comics (2005)

The Year of the Beast

,

Zein

4, Cairo 

10.7

Graphic representation of intonation and loudness in English. From AK Comics (2005)

The Year of the Beast

,

Zein

4, Cairo 

10.8

Graphic representation of intonation and loudness in Arabic. From AK Comics (2005)

The Year of the Beast

,

Zein

4, Cairo 

10.9

The graphic representation of agony in English. From AK Comics (2005)

The Year of the Beast

,

Zein

4, Cairo 

10.10

The graphic representation of agony in Arabic. From AK Comics (2005)

The Year of the Beast

,

Zein

4, Cairo 

11.1

‘can you all say Whaka?’ (= Extract 2, line 1); April 2003. Photo © A. Jaworski 

11.2

‘Te Whakarewarewa-tanga-o-te-ope-taua-a-Wahiao’ (= Extract 2, lines 12–13); April 2003. Photo © A. Jaworski 

11.3

Postcard from Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch. John Hinde (UK) Ltd. Photo © C. Underhill 

11.4

Hongi photographic studio, Tamaki Maori Village; April 2003. Photo © A. Jaworski 

16.1

Posters at an Evangelical church. © Jan Blommaert 

16.2

Moroccan bakery. © Jan Blommaert 

16.3

Albanian poster. © Jan Blommaert 

16.4

Rates at a phone shop. © Jan Blommaert 

16.5

Advertisements for money transfer services at a phone shop. © Jan Blommaert 

16.6

‘Liar Channel.’ © Jan Blommaert 

Acknowledgments

This volume found its origins in a research programme titled ‘Language and Global Communication’ funded by the Leverhulme Trust (Grant F/00 407 / D) to the Centre for Language and Communication Research at Cardiff University, 2001–2007 (see http://www.cf.ac.uk/encap/globalcomm). Colleagues and I are very grateful to the Trust for their support.

My former colleague Theo van Leeuwen, coordinated, directed and inspired the programme for four years until a career move took him away form Cardiff, at which point I took on the coordinating role, but with Theo’s continuing guidance and involvement. About 14 Cardiff colleagues played some significant part in the programme’s development and in the dissemination of its findings, although not all of them appear in the pages of the Handbook.

Under the aegis of the ‘Language and Global Communication’ programme, one international conference and a regular series of workshops were held, and several of the contributors to the present volume participated in those events. The Leverhulme Trust has therefore supported this volume in more ways than might be initially apparent, which, once again, I very gratefully acknowledge.

I am particularly grateful to my colleague Adam Jaworski for the leading role he has played in many aspects of our work on globalisation, and not only in his pioneering research in the sociolinguistics of global tourism.

As seems to be inevitable with Handbook-length projects, this volume has been a long time coming. I thank the earliest on-time contributors for their patience, and colleagues at Wiley-Blackwell for theirs too, also for their professional guidance.

Every effort has been made to trace copyright holders and to obtain their permission for the use of copyright material. The publisher apologizes for any errors or omissions in the above list and would be grateful if notified of any corrections that should be incorporated in future reprints or editions of this book.

NCJuly 2009

Introduction: Sociolinguistics in the Global Era

NIKOLAS COUPLAND

The End of Globalization?

The gestation period of this Handbook has been an interesting time for observers of globalization. The international ‘credit crunch,’ apparently triggered by irresponsible over-lending in the United States but in reality the result of financial laxness on a wider scale, has led to severe economic retrenchment in many parts of the world. Several nation-states have moved to restrict some of the more obvious excesses of global capitalism, initially in the banking and finance sectors. But there are indications of a more general global wariness about flows of money and people, which suggests that national authority and national political initiative are not, after all, in terminal decline. There has also been repeated visible political resistance to fast capitalist globalization: for example the estimated 35,000 people who marched in London in March 2009 in opposition to the agenda of the G20 summit – a meeting of the leaders of the twenty most economically powerful nations – under the slogans “Put people first” and “Jobs, justice, climate.” Should we conclude that, after all, this is not such a “runaway world” (Giddens 2002) of rampant globalization?

Academic commentators, including several contributors to this Handbook, observe that, whatever globalization is, it isn’t an altogether new phenomenon. Indeed, ‘it’s nothing new’ proves to be one of the least new things to say about globalization, but it is an important observation. As, for example, Mufwene (this volume) points out, colonization in its various modes has been characteristic of more aggressive and more benign encounters between peoples throughout history. Colonization in different eras and contexts meant transnational expansion of economic, military, and cultural sorts. It certainly reshaped global arrangements, including linguistic ones. We are also historically familiar with ‘empire,’ old and new (Hardt and Negri 2000), in the British case from the mid-seventeenth century, and many have interpreted globalization as latter-day imperialist hegemony, often in the form of westernization or Americanization or McDonaldization (or other, even more inventive, neologisms of this kind – see Mooney, this volume). So why all this fuss about globalization now?

As Kellner (1989) points out, large-scale shifts to more globally based economic arrangements were predicted and theorized well before our own time. Key voices on both sides of early ideological debates about capitalism predicted an increasing globalization of capitalist markets. Adam Smith, for example, anticipated the emergence of a (beneficial and liberalizing, in his view) world market system, while Karl Marx saw global emancipation for the proletariat in the demise of national interests and frameworks and in the onset of internationally grounded revolution. Transnational interdependencies and influences are, once again then, ‘nothing new.’

So, as we embark on an exploration of language and globalization, do we in fact believe that globalization currently exists as a new social condition, or that it deserves extensive treatment across the disciplines? Is globalization an economic experiment in retreat, or perhaps a faddish academic concept of the 1990s that refers to historical social processes we were already pretty familiar with? In the rest of this section I would like to make a pitch for the social reality of globalization and for its contemporary importance – both as a social mode that we need to keep probing and as a focus for some new ways of understanding language in society. We have to concede that globalization is complex and multi-faceted, and difficult to delimit chronologically. The concept is often over-consolidated, over-hyped, and under-interpreted. But I want to argue (drawing on the views of many others) that it is an indispensable concept, particularly if we take it as shorthand reference to a cluster of changed and still fast changing social arrangements and priorities which are indeed distinctive and (despite opinions to the contrary) . Having done this, I will try to map out, in four sections that outline the four parts of this volume, how the forthcoming chapters inform our understanding of the many productive and necessary links between ‘language’ and ‘globalization.’