The Handbook of MPEG Applications E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 1028

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2010

Beschreibung

This book provides a comprehensive examination of the use of MPEG-2, MPEG-4, MPEG-7, MPEG-21, and MPEG-A standards, providing a detailed reference to their application.

In this book, the authors address five leading MPEG standards: MPEG-2, MPEG-4, MPEG-7, MPEG-21, and MPEG-A, focusing not only on the standards themselves, but specifically upon their application (e.g. for broadcasting media, personalised advertising and news, multimedia collaboration, digital rights management, resource adaptation, digital home systems, and so on); including MPEG cross-breed applications. In the evolving digital multimedia landscape, this book provides comprehensive coverage of the key MPEG standards used for generation and storage, distribution and dissemination, and delivery of multimedia data to various platforms within a wide variety of application domains. It considers how these MPEG standards may be used, the context of their use, and how supporting and complementary technologies and the standards interact and add value to each other.

Key Features:

• Integrates the application of five popular MPEG standards (MPEG-2, MPEG-4, MPEG-7, MPEG-21, and MPEG-A) into one single volume, including MPEG cross-breed applications
• Up-to-date coverage of the field based on the latest versions of the five MPEG standards
• Opening chapter provides overviews of each of the five MPEG standards
• Contributions from leading MPEG experts worldwide
• Includes an accompanying website with supporting material (www.wiley.com/go/angelides_mpeg)

This book provides an invaluable reference for researchers, practitioners, CTOs, design engineers, and developers. Postgraduate students taking MSc, MRes, MPhil and PhD courses in computer science and engineering, IT consultants, and system developers in the telecoms, broadcasting and publishing sectors will also find this book of interest.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Title Page

Copyright

List of Contributors

MPEG Standards in Practice

MPEG-2

MPEG-4

H.264/AVC/MPEG-4 Part 10

MPEG-7

MPEG-21

MPEG-A

Chapter Summaries

1. HD Video Remote Collaboration Application

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Design and Architecture

1.3 HD Video Acquisition

1.4 Network and Topology Considerations

1.5 Real-Time Transcoding

1.6 HD Video Rendering

1.7 Other Challenges

1.8 Other HD Streaming Systems

1.9 Conclusions and Future Directions

2. MPEG Standards in Media Production, Broadcasting and Content Management

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Content in the Context of Production and Management

2.3 MPEG Encoding Standards in CMS and Media Production

2.4 MPEG-7 and Beyond

2.5 Conclusions

3. Quality Assessment of MPEG-4 Compressed Videos

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Previous Work

3.3 Quality Assessment of MPEG-4 Compressed Video

3.4 MPEG-4 Compressed Videos in Wireless Environments

3.5 Conclusion

4. Exploiting MPEG-4 Capabilities for Personalized Advertising in Digital TV

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Related Work

4.3 Enabling the New Advertising Model

4.4 An Example

4.5 Experimental Evaluation

4.6 Conclusions

Acknowledgments

5. Using MPEG Tools in Video Summarization

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Related Work

5.3 A Summarization Framework Using MPEG Standards

5.4 Generation of Summaries Using MPEG-4 AVC

5.5 Description of Summaries in MPEG-7

5.6 Integrated Summarization and Adaptation Framework in MPEG-4 SVC

5.7 Experimental Evaluation

5.8 Conclusions

6. Encryption Techniques for H.264 Video

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Demands for Video Security

6.3 Issues on Digital Video Encryption

6.4 Previous Work on Video Encryption

6.5 H.264 Video Encryption Techniques

6.6 A H.264 Encryption Scheme Based on CABAC and Chaotic Stream Cipher

6.7 Concluding Remarks and Future Works

Acknowledgments

7. Optimization Methods for H.264/AVC Video Coding

7.1 Introduction to Video Coding Optimization Methods

7.2 Rate Control Optimization

7.3 Computational Complexity Control Optimization

7.4 Joint Computational Complexity and Rate Control Optimization

7.5 Transform Coding Optimization

7.6 Summary

8. Spatiotemporal H.264/AVC Video Adaptation with MPEG-21

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Background

8.3 Literature Review

8.4 Compressed-Domain Adaptation of H.264/AVC Video

8.5 On-line Video Adaptation for P2P Overlays

8.6 Quality of Experience (QoE)

8.7 Conclusion

9. Image Clustering and Retrieval Using MPEG-7

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Usage of MPEG-7 in Image Clustering and Retrieval

9.3 Multimodal Vector Representation of an Image Using MPEG-7 Color Descriptors

9.4 Dimensionality Reduction of Multimodal Vector Representation Using a Nonlinear Diffusion Kernel

9.5 Experiments

9.6 Conclusion

10. MPEG-7 Visual Descriptors and Discriminant Analysis

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Literature Review

10.3 Discriminant Power of Single Visual Descriptor

10.4 Discriminant Power of the Aggregated Visual Descriptors

10.5 Conclusions

11. An MPEG-7 Profile for Collaborative Multimedia Annotation

11.1 Introduction

11.2 MPEG-7 as a Means for Collaborative Multimedia Annotation

11.3 Experiment Design

11.4 Research Method

11.5 Results

11.6 MPEG-7 Profile

11.7 Related Research Work

11.8 Concluding Discussion

11.9 Acknowledgment

12. Domain Knowledge Representation in Semantic MPEG-7 Descriptions

12.1 Introduction

12.2 MPEG-7-Based Domain Knowledge Representation

12.3 Domain Ontology Representation

12.4 Property Representation

12.5 Class Representation

12.6 Representation of Individuals

12.7 Representation of Axioms

12.8 Exploitation of the Domain Knowledge Representation in Multimedia Applications and Services

12.9 Conclusions

13. Survey of MPEG-7 Applications in the Multimedia Lifecycle

13.1 MPEG-7 Annotation Tools

13.2 MPEG-7 Databases and Retrieval

13.3 MPEG-7 Query Language

13.4 MPEG-7 Middleware

13.5 MPEG-7 Mobile

13.6 Summarization and Outlook

14. Using MPEG Standards for Content-Based Indexing of Broadcast Television, Web, and Enterprise Content

14.1 Background on Content-Based Indexing and Retrieval

14.2 MPEG-7 and MPEG-21 in ETSI TV-Anytime

14.3 MPEG-7 and MPEG-21 in ATIS IPTV Specifications

14.4 MEPG-21 in the Digital Living Network Alliance (DLNA)

14.5 Content Analysis for MPEG-7 Metadata Generation

14.6 Representing Content Analysis Results Using MPEG-7

14.7 Extraction of Audio Features and Representation in MPEG-7

14.8 Summary

15. MPEG-7/21: Structured Metadata for Handling and Personalizing Multimedia Content

15.1 Introduction

15.2 The Digital Item Adaptation Framework for Personalization

15.3 Use Case Scenario

15.4 Extensions of MPEG-7/21 Preference Management

15.5 Example Application

15.6 Summary

16. A Game Approach to Integrating MPEG-7 in MPEG-21 for Dynamic Bandwidth Dealing

16.1 Introduction

16.2 Related Work

16.3 Dealing Bandwidth Using Game Theory

16.4 An Application Example

16.5 Concluding Discussion

17. The Usage of MPEG-21 Digital Items in Research and Practice

17.1 Introduction

17.2 Overview of the Usage of MPEG-21 Digital Items

17.3 Universal Plug and Play (UPnP): DIDL-Lite

17.4 Microsoft's Interactive Media Manager (IMM)

17.5 The DANAE Advanced MPEG-21 Infrastructure

17.6 MPEG-21 in the European Projects ENTHRONE and AXMEDIS

17.7 Information Asset Management in a Digital Library

17.8 Conclusions

18. Distributing Sensitive Information in the MPEG-21 Multimedia Framework

18.1 Introduction

18.2 Digital Rights Management in MPEG-21

18.3 MPEG-21 in Copyright Protection

18.4 MPEG-21 in Enterprise Digital Rights Management

18.5 MPEG-21 in Privacy Protection

18.6 Conclusion

Acknowledgments

19. Designing Intelligent Content Delivery Frameworks Using MPEG-21

19.1 Introduction

19.2 CAM Metadata Framework Requirements

19.3 CAM Metadata Model

19.4 Study of the Existing Multimedia Standards

19.5 CAM Metadata Encoding Using MPEG-21/7

19.6 Discussion

19.7 Conclusion and Perspectives

20. NinSuna: a Platform for Format-Independent Media Resource Adaptation and Delivery

20.1 Introduction

20.2 Model-Driven Content Adaptation and Packaging

20.3 The NinSuna Platform

20.4 Directions for Future Research

20.5 Discussion and Conclusions

Acknowledgments

21. MPEG-A and its Open Access Application Format

21.1 Introduction

21.2 The MPEG-A Standards

21.3 The Open Access Application Format

Index

This edition first published 2011

© 2011 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Except for Chapter 21, ‘MPEG-A and its Open Access Application Format’ © Florian Schreiner and Klaus Diepold

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Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

The handbook of MPEG applications : standards in practice / edited by Marios C. Angelides & Harry Agius.

p. cm.

Includes index.

ISBN 978-0-470-97458-2 (cloth)

1. MPEG (Video coding standard)–Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. MP3 (Audio coding standard)–Handbooks,

manuals, etc. 3. Application software–Development–Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Angelides, Marios C.

II. Agius, Harry.

TK6680.5.H33 2011

006.6′96–dc22

2010024889

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Print ISBN 978-0-470-75007-0 (H/B)

ePDF ISBN: 978-0-470-97459-9

oBook ISBN: 978-0-470-97458-2

ePub ISBN: 978-0-470-97474-2

List of Contributors

Harry Agius

Electronic and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering and Design, Brunel University, UK

Rajeev Agrawal

Department of Electronics, Computer and Information Technology,

North Carolina A&T State University,

Greensboro, NC USA

Samir Amir

Laboratoire d'Informatique Fondamentale de Lille,

University Lille1, Télécom Lille1,

IRCICA—Parc de la Haute Borne, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France

Marios C. Angelides

Electronic and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering and Design, Brunel University, UK

Wolf-Tilo Balke

L3S Research Center, Hannover, Germany

IFIS, TU Braunschweig,

Braunschweig, Germany

Andrea Basso

Video and Multimedia Technologies and Services Research Department, AT&T Labs—Research, Middletown, NJ, USA

Ioan Marius Bilasco

Laboratoire d'Informatique Fondamentale de Lille,

University Lille1, Télécom Lille1,

IRCICA—Parc de la Haute Borne, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France

Yolanda Blanco-Fernández

Department of Telematics Engineering, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain

Alan C. Bovik

Laboratory for Image and Video Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA

Stavros Christodoulakis

Lab. of Distributed Multimedia Information Systems & Applications (TUC/MUSIC), Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece

Damon Daylamani Zad

Electronic and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering and Design, Brunel University, UK

Klaus Diepold

Institute of Data Processing, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany

Chabane Djeraba

Laboratoire d'Informatique Fondamentale de Lille,

University Lille1, Télécom Lille1,

IRCICA—Parc de la Haute Borne, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France

Mario Döller

Department of Informatics and Mathematics, University of Passau, Passau, Germany

Jian Feng

Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong

Farshad Fotouhi

Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA

David Gibbon

Video and Multimedia Technologies and Services Research Department, AT&T Labs—Research, Middletown, NJ, USA

Alberto Gil-Solla

Department of Telematics Engineering, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain

Dan Grois

Communication Systems Engineering Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel

William I. Grosky

Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, USA

Ofer Hadar

Communication Systems Engineering Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel

Hermann Hellwagner

Institute of Information Technology, Klagenfurt University, Klagenfurt, Austria

Luis Herranz

Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

Razib Iqbal

Distributed and Collaborative Virtual Environments Research Laboratory (DISCOVER Lab), School of Information Technology and Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Evgeny Kaminsky

Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel

Benjamin Köhncke

L3S Research Center, Hannover, Germany

Harald Kosch

Department of Informatics and Mathematics, University of Passau, Passau, Germany

Bai-Ying Lei

Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong

Xiaomin Liu

School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore

Zhu Liu

Video and Multimedia Technologies and Services Research Department, AT&T Labs—Research, Middletown, NJ, USA

Kwok-Tung Lo

Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong

Martín López-Nores

Department of Telematics Engineering, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain

Jianhua Ma

Faculty of Computer and Information Sciences, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan

Jean Martinet

Laboratoire d'Informatique Fondamentale de Lille,

University Lille1, Télécom Lille1,

IRCICA—Parc de la Haute Borne, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France

José M. Martínez

Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

Andreas U. Mauthe

School of Computing and Communications, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK

Anush K. Moorthy

Laboratory for Image and Video Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA

José J. Pazos-Arias

Department of Telematics Engineering, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain

Chris Poppe

Ghent University—IBBT,

Department of Electronics and Information Systems—Multimedia Lab, Belgium

Manuel Ramos-Cabrer

Department of Telematics Engineering, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain

Florian Schreiner

Institute of Data Processing, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany

Beomjoo Seo

School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore

Behzad Shahraray

Video and Multimedia Technologies and Services Research Department, AT&T Labs—Research, Middletown, NJ, USA

Nicholas Paul Sheppard

Library eServices, Queensland University of Technology, Australia

Shervin Shirmohammadi

School of Information Technology and Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Anastasis A. Sofokleous

Electronic and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering and Design, Brunel University, UK

Florian Stegmaier

Department of Informatics and Mathematics, University of Passau, Passau, Germany

Peter Thomas

AVID Development GmbH, Kaiserslautern, Germany

Christian Timmerer

Institute of Information Technology, Klagenfurt University, Klagenfurt, Austria

Chrisa Tsinaraki

Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science (DISI), University of Trento, Povo (TN), Italy

Thierry Urruty

Laboratoire d'Informatique Fondamentale de Lille,

University Lille1, Télécom Lille1,

IRCICA—Parc de la Haute Borne, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France

Rik Van de Walle

Ghent University—IBBT,

Department of Electronics and Information Systems—Multimedia Lab, Belgium

Davy Van Deursen

Ghent University—IBBT,

Department of Electronics and Information Systems—Multimedia Lab,

Belgium

MPEG Standards in Practice

Marios C. Angelides

Harry Agius, Editors

Electronic and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering and Design, Brunel University, UK

The need for compressed and coded representation and transmission of multimedia data has not rescinded as computer processing power, storage, and network bandwidth have increased. They have merely served to increase the demand for greater quality and increased functionality from all elements in the multimedia delivery and consumption chain, from content creators through to end users. For example, whereas we once had VHS-like resolution of digital video, we now have high-definition 1080p, and whereas a user once had just a few digital media files, they now have hundreds or thousands, which require some kind of metadata just for the required file to be found on the user's storage medium in a reasonable amount of time, let alone for any other functionality such as creating playlists. Consequently, the number of multimedia applications and services penetrating home, education, and work has increased exponentially in recent years, and the emergence of multimedia standards has similarly proliferated.

MPEG, the Moving Picture Coding Experts Group, formally Working Group 11 (WG11) of Subcommittee 29 (SC29) of the Joint Technical Committee (JTC 1) of ISO/IEC, was established in January 1988 with the mandate to develop standards for digital audio-visual media. Since then, MPEG has been seminal in enabling widespread penetration of multimedia, bringing new terms to our everyday vernacular such as ‘MP3’, and it continues to be important to the development of existing and new multimedia applications. For example, even though MPEG-1 has been largely superseded by MPEG-2 for similar video applications, MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3 (MP3) is still the digital music format of choice for a large number of users; when we watch a DVD or digital TV, we most probably use MPEG-2; when we use an iPod, we engage with MPEG-4 (advanced audio coding (AAC) audio); when watching HDTV or a Blu-ray Disc, we most probably use MPEG-4 Part 10 and ITU-T H.264/advanced video coding (AVC); when we tag web content, we probably use MPEG-7; and when we obtain permission to browse content that is only available to subscribers, we probably achieve this through MPEG-21 Digital Rights Management (DRM). Applications have also begun to emerge that make integrated use of several MPEG standards, and MPEG-A has recently been developed to cater to application formats through the combination of multiple MPEG standards.

The details of the MPEG standards and how they prescribe encoding, decoding, representation formats, and so forth, have been published widely, and anyone may purchase the full standards documents themselves through the ISO website [http://www.iso.org/]. Consequently, it is not the objective of this handbook to provide in-depth coverage of the details of these standards. Instead, the aim of this handbook is to concentrate on the application of the MPEG standards; that is, how they may be used, the context of their use, and how supporting and complementary technologies and the standards interact and add value to each other. Hence, the chapters cover application domains as diverse as multimedia collaboration, personalized multimedia such as advertising and news, video summarization, digital home systems, research applications, broadcasting media, media production, enterprise multimedia, domain knowledge representation and reasoning, quality assessment, encryption, digital rights management, optimized video encoding, image retrieval, multimedia metadata, the multimedia life cycle and resource adaptation, allocation and delivery. The handbook is aimed at researchers and professionals who are working with MPEG standards and should also prove suitable for use on specialist postgraduate/research-based university courses.

In the subsequent sections, we provide an overview of the key MPEG standards that form the focus of the chapters in the handbook, namely: MPEG-2, MPEG-4, H.264/AVC (MPEG-4 Part 10), MPEG-7, MPEG-21 and MPEG-A. We then introduce each of the 21 chapters by summarizing their contribution.

MPEG-2

MPEG-1 was the first MPEG standard, providing simple audio-visual synchronization that is robust enough to cope with errors occurring from digital storage devices, such as CD-ROMs, but is less suited to network transmission. MPEG-2 is very similar to MPEG-1 in terms of compression and is thus effectively an extension of MPEG-1 that also provides support for higher resolutions, frame rates and bit rates, and efficient compression of and support for interlaced video. Consequently, MPEG-2 streams are used for DVD-Video and are better suited to network transmission making them suitable for digital TV.