The Sustainable Laboratory Handbook E-Book

Egbert Dittrich

• Herausgeber: Wiley-VCH
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 815

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2015

Beschreibung

The first comprehensive guide to modern laboratory planning in ten years to address both construction and operating aspects.
Many of the 30 authors are affiliated with the European Association for Sustainable Laboratory Technologies (EGNATON), which has also endorsed this ready reference. This expert team covers the entire lifecycle of a laboratory facility, starting with the site layout and the planning of the building, followed by the planning of such areas as housing for laboratory animals, clean rooms and production facilities. The next section of the book deals with the installation of laboratory equipment, including storage and emergency facilities, while the final parts address safety and sustainability standards applicable to laboratories, as well as facility management and optimization during normal laboratory operation.
The relevant norms and standards are cited throughout, and examples from recent construction sites are also presented. Hundreds of photographs and drawings, many in full color, provide visual examples of the design and building concepts. As a result, readers will learn how to construct and maintain efficient and long-serving laboratory spaces with a minimum of maintenance costs and a maximum of safety.
An invaluable, practical guide for planners, builders and managers of chemical, biological and medical research laboratories of any size.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Cover

Related Titles

Title Page

Copyright

List of Contributors

Preface

Part I

Chapter 1: Introduction: Laboratory Typologies

1.1 Purpose

1.2 Science Direction

1.3 Fields of Activities

1.4 Working Methods

1.5 Physical Structure

1.6 Conclusion

Chapter 2: Requirements and Determination of Requirements

2.1 Area Misuse through Wrong Grids

Chapter 3: Laboratory Concept and Workstations

Chapter 4: Determination of User Needs – Goal-Oriented Communication between Planners and Users as a Basis for Sustainable Building

4.1 Work Areas

4.2 Work Flows and Room Groups

Chapter 5: Corporate Architecture – Architecture of Knowledge

5.1 Image–The Laboratory as a Brand

5.2 Innovation–The Laboratory as the Origin of Knowledge

5.3 Excellence–The Laboratory as a Magnet for High Potentials

Chapter 6: Scheduler Tasks in the Planning Process

6.1 Project Preparation

6.2 Integral Planning Teams

6.3 User Participation

6.4 Planning Process

6.5 Execution Phase

6.6 Commissioning

6.7 Conclusion

6.8 Best Practice

Chapter 7: Space for Communication in the Laboratory Building

7.1 Definition of Terms

7.2 Historical Development

7.3 Development in the Modern Age–Why and When Were These Ideal Conceptions Lost?

7.4 Conclusion for Future Concepts

Chapter 8: Fire Precautions

8.1 Preventive Fire Protection

8.2 Fire Protection Solution for Laboratory Buildings

8.3 Fire Protection Solutions for Laboratory Buildings – Examples

Part II

Chapter 9: Development in Terms of Building Technology and Requirements of Technical Building Equipment

9.1 Field of Research

9.2 Required Flexibility of Laboratory Areas

9.3 Number of Floors, Height of the Floor, and Development Extent of the Laboratory Area (Laboratory Landscape)

9.4 Plumbing Services

9.5 Electrical Installation

9.6 Ventilation

9.7 Determination and Optimization of the Air Changes Quantities and Definition of Air Systems Required

9.8 Creation of an Energy-Optimized Duct System

Chapter 10: Ventilation and Air Conditioning Technology

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Air Supply of Laboratory Rooms

10.3 Air-Flow Routing in the Room

10.4 Numerical Flow Simulation (Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD))

10.5 Energy-Efficient Systems Engineering

10.6 Installation Concepts for Laboratory Buildings from the Point of View of Ventilation and Air-Conditioning Planning

Chapter 11: Electrical Installations

11.1 Power Supply

11.2 Lightings

11.3 Data Networks

11.4 Central Building Control System

Chapter 12: Service Systems via Ceiling

12.1 General Discussion

12.2 Flexible Laboratory Room Sizes/Configuration

12.3 Major Differentiating Components

Chapter 13: Laboratory Logistics

13.1 Classic Systems

13.2 Centralization and Implementation of Logistics Systems in the Building

13.3 Consignment and Automatic Storage Facilities

13.4 Solvents – Supply and Disposal Systems

13.5 Laboratory Work 2030 – Objective?

13.6 From Small Areas to the Big Picture

13.7 Local Transport Systems

13.8 Supply and Disposal of Chemicals at the Workplace

13.9 Perspective

Chapter 14: Animal Housing

14.1 General Points

14.2 Planning of an Animal Facility

14.3 SPF Management of Animals

14.4 Animal Management under SPF Status

14.5 Decentralized Connection of IVC

14.6 Central Connection

14.7 Extract Air

14.8 Supply through the Barrier

14.9 Quarantine

14.10 Open Animal Management without Hygiene Requirements

14.11 Experimental Animal Facility

14.12 Sustainability – An Issue in an Animal Facility?

Chapter 15: Technical Research Centers – Examples of Highly Sophisticated Laboratory Planning Which Cannot be Schematized

Chapter 16: Clean Rooms

16.1 Wall materials

16.2 Ceilings

16.3 Fixtures and fittings

Chapter 17: Safety Laboratories

17.1 General Remark

17.2 Types of Safety Laboratories

17.3 Building Structures

Part III

Chapter 18: Laboratory Casework

18.1 Design

18.2 Functionality and Flexibility

18.3 Trends

Chapter 19: Work Benches, Sinks, Storage, Supply- and Disposal Systems

19.1 Benches

19.2 Sinks

19.3 Under Bench Units, Cabinets, Storage Cabinets

19.4 Supply and Disposal Systems

19.5 Service Carrying Frames

Chapter 20: Fume Cupboards and Ventilated Units

20.1 Technical Data and Selection Criteria

20.2 Fume Cupboards and Sustainability

20.3 Ventilation Control and Monitoring

20.4 Fume Cupboard Monitoring, -Control and Room Control

20.5 Laboratory Control

20.6 Sash Controller

Chapter 21: Laboratory Furniture Made from Stainless Steel – for Clean-Rooms, Labs, Medical-, and Industry Applications

21.1 Areas for Stainless Steel Equipment

21.2 Hygienic Requirements of Surfaces

21.3 How to Clean and Disinfect Stainless Steel Surfaces

21.4 Cleanliness Classes for Sterile Areas

21.5 Microorganisms

21.6 Summary

Chapter 22: Clean Benches and Microbiological Safety Cabinets

22.1 Laboratory Clean Air Instrument, in General and Definition(s)

22.2 Possible Joint Possession of “Clean Benches” and “Microbiological Safety Cabinets”

22.3 Laboratory Clean Air Instruments Intended to Protect the Samples – “Clean Benches”

22.4 Microbiological Safety Cabinets

22.5 Microbiological Safety Cabinet Class 1

22.6 Microbiological Safety Cabinets Class 2

22.7 Enhanced Microbiological Safety Cabinets Class 2

22.8 Enhanced Safety of Safety Cabinet Class 2 by Means of Redundant HEPA Filter(s)

22.9 Microbiological Safety Cabinet Class 3

22.10 Inactivation of Cabinet and Filters

Chapter 23: Safety Cabinets

23.1 History – the Development of the Safety Cabinet

23.2 Safety Cabinets for Flammable Liquids

23.3 Safety Cabinets for Pressurized Gas Cylinders

23.4 Safety Cabinets for Acids and Lyes

23.5 Test Markings for Safety Cabinets

23.6 Special Solutions for the Storage of Flammable Liquids

Chapter 24: Laboratory Service Fittings for Water, Fuel Gases, and Technical Gases

24.1 Medium

24.2 Temperature

24.3 Dosing Task

24.4 Safety

24.5 Place of Installation

24.6 Ease of Installation

24.7 Materials

24.8 Headwork

24.9 Seals

24.10 According to Standard

24.11 Water

24.12 Conclusion

24.13 Burning Gas

24.14 Technical Gases up to 4.5 Purity Grade

24.15 Vacuum

Chapter 25: Gases and Gas Supply Systems for Ultra-Pure Gases up to Purity 6.0

25.1 Gases and Status Types

25.2 Material Compatibility

25.3 Connection Points

25.4 Impurities

25.5 Supply Systems: Central Building Supply/Local Supply and Laboratory Supply

25.6 Central Building Supply (CBS)

25.7 Pipe Networks and Zone Shut-Off Valves with Filter

25.8 Fitting Supports and Tapping Spots

25.9 Local Laboratory Gas Supply

25.10 Surfaces – Coatings

25.11 Inspections

25.12 Operation Start-Up and Instruction of the Operating Staff

Chapter 26: Emergency Devices

26.1 General

26.2 Body Showers

26.3 Eye-Washer

26.4 Emergency Shower Combinations

26.5 Hygiene

26.6 Testing and Maintenance

26.7 Complementary Products

Part III

Chapter 27: Sustainability Certification – Assessment Criteria and Suggestions

27.1 Certification Systems

27.2 Individual Strategies to Implement Sustainability

Chapter 28: Reducing Laboratory Energy Use with Demand-Based Control

28.1 Reducing Fume Cupboard Flows

28.2 Reduce Thermal Load Flow Drivers

28.3 Vary and Reduce Average ACH Rate Using Demand-Based Control

28.4 A New Sensing Approach Provides a Cost-Effective Solution

28.5 Demand-Based Control (DBC) Improves Beam Use

28.6 A Few Comments on New Lab Ventilation Standards and Guidelines

28.7 Case Studies

28.8 Capital Cost Reduction Impacts of Demand-Based Control

28.9 Conclusions on Lab Energy Efficient Control Approaches

Chapter 29: Lab Ventilation and Energy Consumption

29.1 Introduction

29.2 Step 1: Minimize Demand!

29.3 Step 2: Design Energy Friendly Systems

29.4 Step 3: Install and Proper Commission the Installation

29.5 Step 4: Maintain the Installation and Monitor

29.6 Step 5: Use of Alternative Energy

29.7 Conclusion

Chapter 30: Consequences of the 2009 Energy-Saving Ordinance for Laboratories

30.1 The Task Force

30.2 Energy Certificates for Laboratory Buildings

30.3 Special Energy Characteristics of Laboratory Buildings

30.4 Reference Values for the Energy Consumption of Laboratory Buildings

30.5 Energy Consumption Values

30.6 Reference Quantities

30.7 Groups with Homogeneous Characteristics

30.8 Conclusions from the Results of the Investigations

30.9 Example for the Issue of a Consumption-Based Energy Certificate for a Laboratory Building

30.10 Summary

Part VI

Chapter 31: Legislation and Standards

31.1 Introduction

31.2 Laboratory Planning and Building

31.3 Regulations for Labor Safety and Occupational Health

Chapter 32: Examination, Requirements, and Handling of Fume Cupboards

32.1 Introduction

32.2 Principle of Operation

32.3 Types of Fume Cupboards

32.4 Standards

32.5 Safety Criterion

32.6 Fume Cupboard Testing

32.7 Influences of Real Conditions

Part VI

Chapter 33: Health and Safety – An Inherent Part of Sustainability

33.1 Scope

33.2 Legal Foundations

33.3 Laboratory Guidelines

33.4 Hazardous Substances

33.5 Biological Agents

33.6 Other Hazards

33.7 Occurrence of Accidents and Illnesses

33.8 Risk Assessment and Measures

Chapter 34: Operational Safety in Laboratories

34.1 Safety Principles

34.2 Safety Management

34.3 Regulation of Internal Processes

34.4 Functional Efficiency of Systems and Equipment

34.5 Occupational Medical Care

34.6 Employment Restrictions

34.7 Access Regulations and Protection against Theft

34.8 Cleanliness and Hygiene

34.9 Operation of Safety Systems According to Regulations

34.10 Operational Safety in Laboratories – Conclusion

34.11 Laboratory Rules and Regulations (Sample)

34.14 Skin Protection Plan (Sample)

Part VII

Chapter 35: Facility Management in the Life Cycle of Laboratory Buildings

35.1 Self-Understanding and Background

35.2 Process Optimization

35.3 FM in the Life Cycle of a Laboratory Building

35.4 Concept Phase Laboratory Building

35.5 Construction Phase

35.6 Use Phase

35.7 Revitalization Phase

35.8 Deconstructing Phase

35.9 Benefits of FM

Chapter 36: Laboratory Optimization

36.1 The Procedure

36.2 The Actual Recording

36.3 Determination of the Optimization Potential

36.4 Planning and Implementation

36.5 Permanent Need for Optimization

36.6 An Example

36.7 Utilization of Staff

36.8 Utilization of Equipment

36.9 Employee Retention, Employee Retention Time, Device Runtime

36.10 An Example

36.11 Cost

36.12 Logistics

36.13 Quality

36.14 Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty

36.15 Laboratory Indicators

Chapter 37: Quality Management

37.1 Quality Control

37.2 Quality Assurance

37.3 Quality Management

37.4 Creation and Maintenance of a Quality Management System

37.5 The Purpose of Systematic Quality Management

37.6 Integrated Management Systems

37.7 Certification or Accreditation

37.8 International Recognition of Accreditation

37.9 Central Functions of Quality Management

37.10 Responsibilities of the Quality Manager in Practice

37.11 Implementation of a Quality Management System in the Laboratory

37.12 Documents

37.13 Expiration of Accreditation Project

Chapter 38: Data

38.1 Data Systems

38.2 Data Systems at the Corporate Management Level

38.3 LIMS

38.4 LIMS Selection and Procurement

38.5 Requirements for a Specification

38.6 Selection of Suitable Suppliers

38.7 Data Privacy and Data Security

38.8 Risk Assessment

38.9 Safety Management

38.10 System Documentation

38.11 Emergency Plan

Index

End User License Agreement

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Guide

Cover

Table of Contents

Preface

Part I

Begin Reading

List of Illustrations

Figure 1.1

Figure 1.2

Figure 1.6

Figure 1.7

Figure 1.8

Figure 1.9

Figure 1.10

Figure 2.1

Figure 2.2

Figure 2.3

Figure 2.4

Figure 2.5

Figure 3.1

Figure 3.2

Figure 3.3

Figure 3.7

Figure 3.8

Figure 3.9

Figure 3.10

Figure 3.11

Figure 3.12

Figure 4.1

Figure 4.2

Figure 4.3

Figure 4.4

Figure 5.1

Figure 6.1

Figure 6.2

Figure 6.3

Figure 6.4

Figure 6.8

Figure 6.9

Figure 6.10

Figure 6.11

Figure 7.1

Figure 7.2

Figure 7.3

Figure 8.1

Figure 8.2

Figure 8.3

Figure 8.4

Figure 9.1

Figure 9.2

Figure 9.3

Figure 9.4

Figure 9.5

Figure 9.6

Figure 9.7

Figure 9.8

Figure 9.9

Figure 9.10

Figure 9.11

Figure 9.12

Figure 9.13

Figure 9.14

Figure 9.15

Figure 10.1

Figure 10.2

Figure 10.3

Figure 10.4

Figure 10.5

Figure 10.6

Figure 10.7

Figure 10.8

Figure 10.9

Figure 10.10

Figure 10.11

Figure 10.12

Figure 12.1

Figure 12.2

Figure 12.3

Figure 12.4

Figure 12.5

Figure 12.6

Figure 12.7

Figure 12.8

Figure 12.9

Figure 13.1

Figure 13.2

Figure 13.3

Figure 13.4

Figure 13.5

Figure 13.6

Figure 13.7

Figure 13.8

Figure 13.9

Figure 14.1

Figure 14.2

Figure 14.3

Figure 14.4

Figure 14.5

Figure 14.6

Figure 14.7

Figure 14.8

Figure 16.1

Figure 16.2

Figure 16.3

Figure 17.1

Figure 17.2

Figure 17.3

Figure 17.4

Figure 17.5

Figure 17.6

Figure 17.7

Figure 17.8

Figure 17.9

Figure 17.10

Figure 17.11

Figure 17.12

Figure 17.13

Figure 17.14

Figure 18.1

Figure 18.4

Figure 19.1

Figure 19.3

Figure 19.4

Figure 19.5

Figure 19.7

Figure 19.8

Figure 19.9

Figure 19.10

Figure 19.11

Figure 19.12

Figure 19.13

Figure 20.1

Figure 20.2

Figure 20.5

Figure 20.6

Figure 20.7

Figure 20.8

Figure 20.9

Figure 20.11

Figure 22.1

Figure 22.2

Figure 22.3

Figure 22.4

Figure 22.5

Figure 22.6

Figure 22.7

Figure 23.1

Figure 23.2

Figure 23.3

Figure 23.4

Figure 23.5

Figure 23.6

Figure 23.7

Figure 23.8

Figure 23.9

Figure 23.10

Figure 23.11

Figure 23.12

Figure 23.13

Figure 23.14

Figure 23.15

Figure 23.16

Figure 24.1

Figure 24.3

Figure 24.4

Figure 24.7

Figure 24.8

Figure 24.10

Figure 24.11

Figure 24.12

Figure 25.1

Figure 25.2

Figure 25.3

Figure 25.4

Figure 25.5

Figure 25.11

Figure 26.1

Figure 26.2

Figure 26.3

Figure 26.4

Figure 26.5

Figure 26.6

Figure 28.1

Figure 28.2

Figure 28.3

Figure 28.5

Figure 28.6

Figure 28.7

Figure 29.1

Figure 29.2

Figure 29.3

Figure 29.4

Figure 29.5

Figure 29.6

Figure 29.7

Figure 29.8

Figure 29.9

Figure 29.10

Figure 29.11

Figure 29.12

Figure 30.1

Figure 30.2

Figure 30.3

Figure 30.4

Figure 30.5

Figure 32.1

Figure 32.2

Figure 32.3

Figure 32.4

Figure 32.5

Figure 35.1

Figure 35.2

Figure 35.3

Figure 35.4

Figure 35.5

Figure 35.6

Figure 36.1

Figure 36.2

Figure 37.1

Figure 37.2

Figure 37.3

Figure 37.4

List of Tables

Table 2.1

Table 2.2

Table 2.3

Table 2.4

Table 11.1

Table 18.1

Table 19.1

Table 19.2

Table 20.1

Table 21.1

Table 21.2

Table 22.1

Table 24.1

Table 25.1

Table 25.2

Table 25.3

Table 31.1

Table 31.2

Table 31.3

Table 35.1

Related Titles

DiBerardinis, L.J., Baum, J.S., First, M.W., Gatwood, G.T., Seth, A.K.

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4th Edition

2013

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Wolfensohn, S., Lloyd, M.

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2012

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Zhou, M. (ed.)

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Edited by Egbert Dittrich

The Sustainable Laboratory Handbook

Design, Equipment, Operation

Editor

Egbert Dittrich

EGNATON e. V.

MÜhltalstr. 61

Germany

Cover

The background image was kindly provided by WALDNER Laboreinrichtungen GmbH & Co. KG

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List of Contributors

Markus Bauch

Industriepark Höchst

65926 Frankfurt

Germany

Thomas Brock

BGRCI

Kurfürstenanlage 62

69115 Heidelberg

Germany

Egbert Dittrich

Labdicon-Dittrich Consulting

Mühltalstr. 61

64625 Bensheim

Germany

Peter Dockx

Van Looy

Nordersingle 19

B2140 Antwerp

Belgium

Eberhard Dürr

Bindergasse 6

72131 Ofterdingen

Germany

Tobias Ell

Carpus+Partner AG

Wilhelmstraße 22

89073 Ulm

Germany

Oliver Engel

Industriepark Höchst

Siemens AG