The Wiley Handbook of Obsessive Compulsive Disorders E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Serie: Wiley Clinical Psychology Handbooks
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 3117

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2017

Beschreibung

The Wiley Handbook of Obsessive Compulsive Disorders, 2 volume set, provides a comprehensive reference on the phenomenology, epidemiology, assessment, and treatment of OCD and OCD-related conditions throughout the lifespan and across cultures.

• Provides the most complete and up-to-date information on the highly diverse spectrum of OCD-related issues experienced by individuals through the lifespan and cross-culturally
• Covers OCD-related conditions including Tourette’s syndrome, excoriation disorder, trichotillomania, hoarding disorder, body dysmorphic disorder and many others
• OCD and related conditions present formidable challenges for both research and practice, with few studies having moved beyond the most typical contexts and presentations
• Includes important material on OCD and related conditions in young people and older adults, and across a range of cultures with diverse social and religious norms

Leseprobe

Volume I

The Wiley Handbook of Obsessive Compulsive Disorders

Volume I

Edited by

Jonathan S. Abramowitz, Dean McKay, and Eric A. Storch

This edition first published 2017© 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.

The right of Jonathan S. Abramowitz, Dean McKay, and Eric A. Storch to be identified as the authors of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with law.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Abramowitz, Jonathan S., editor. | McKay, Dean, 1966– editor. | Storch, Eric A., editor.Title: The Wiley handbook of obsessive compulsive disorders / edited by Jonathan S. Abramowitz, Dean McKay, Eric A. Storch.Description: Chichester, UK; Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons, 2017. | Includes bibliographical references and index.Identifiers: LCCN 2016055381 (print) | LCCN 2017001685 (ebook) | ISBN 9781118889640 (cloth : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781118890257 (Adobe PDF) | ISBN 9781118890264 (ePub)Subjects: LCSH: Obsessive-compulsive disorder–Handbooks, manuals, etc.Classification: LCC RC533 .W47 2017 (print) | LCC RC533 (ebook) | DDC 616.85/227–dc23LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016055381

Cover Image: © shotsstudio/GettyimagesCover Design: Wiley

List of Contributors

Jonathan S. Abramowitz, Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States

Gillian M. Alcolado, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Quebec, Canada

Pino Alonso, Department of Psychiatry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Erik Andersson, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden

Elysse A. Arnold, Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida

Catherine R. Ayers, VA San Diego Healthcare System, University of California, San Diego, United States

Amanda M. Balki, Division of Medical Psychology, Department of Psychiatry and Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Florida, United States

Kristen Benito, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island, United States

Sophie Bennett, Institute of Child Health, University College London, United Kingdom

Noah C. Berman, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States

Jennifer M. Birnkrant, Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States

Shannon M. Blakey, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States

Ellen J. Bluett, Utah State University, Logan, United States

Sean Carp, Department of Psychology, Fordham University, New York, United States

L. K. Chapman, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, United States

Tommy Chou, Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States

David A. Clark, Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, New Brunswick, Canada

Ann Clawson, Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah

Jonathan S. Comer, Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States

Anna E. Coughtrey, School of Psychology and Clinical Languages Sciences, University of Reading, Berkshire, United Kingdom

Lorena Fernández de la Cruz, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Danny Derby, Cognetica – The Israeli Center for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Boston, MA, United States

Mariah DeSerisy, Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States

Jessie Destro, School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia

Guy Doron, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel

Mary E. Dozier, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego State University/University of California

Lara J. Farrell, School of Applied Psychology and Behavioural Basis of Health, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia

Sarah M. Fayad, Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Florida, United States

Peter Fisher, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Cindi Flores, Division of Medical Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Florida, United States

Hannah Frank, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island, United States

Jennifer B. Freeman, Department of Psychiatry and Human Development, Brown University, Rhode Island, United States

Miquel A. Fullana, Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Addictions, Department of Psychiatry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Abbe M. Garcia, Department of Psychiatry and Human Development, Brown University, Rhode Island, United States

Gary R. Geffken, Division of Medical Psychology, Department of Psychiatry and Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Archer Rd Gainesville, United States

Jon E. Grant, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States

Andrew G. Guzick, Division of Medical Psychology, Department of Psychiatry and Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Archer Rd Gainesville, United States

Anyaliese D. Hancock-Smith, Division of Medical Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Florida, United States

Jennifer Herren, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island, United States

Catherine A. Hilchey, University of New Brunswick, New Brunswick, Canada

Jonathan D. Huppert, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel

Tord Ivarsson, Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Eastern and Southern Norway, Oslo, Norway

Amy M. Jacobsen, Kansas City Center for Anxiety Treatment, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas, United States

Ryan J. Jacoby, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States

Sophie C. James, School of Applied Psychology and Behavioural Basis of Health, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia

Carly Johnco, Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, Florida, United States

Georgina Krebs, Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

Caleb W. Lack, University of Central Oklahoma, Oklahoma, United States

Michael J. Larson, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah

Eric B. Lee, Utah State University, Logan, United States

Eric W. Leppink, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States

Adam B. Lewin, Department of Pediatrics, Rothman Center for Neuropsychiatry, University of South Florida, United States

Adrian S. Loh, Singapore Armed Forces Medical Corps, National University of Singapore, and Institute of Mental Health, Singapore

Clara López-Sola, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Department of Psychiatry, Barcelona, Spain

David Mataix-Cols, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden

Dean McKay, Department of Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, New York, United States

Joseph P. H. McNamara, Division of Medical Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Florida, United States

Greg Muller, Division of Medical Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Florida, United States

Samuel Myers, Israel Center for the Treatment of Psychotrauma, Jerusalem, Israel

Rachael L. Neal, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Quebec, Canada

Brian Olsen, Division of Medical Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Florida, United States

Jennifer Park, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Tara S. Peris, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States

Amy Przeworski, Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States

Adam. S. Radomsky, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Quebec, Canada

Adam M. Reid, Division of Medical Psychology, Department of Psychiatry and Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Florida, United States

Lillian Reuman, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States

Brittany M. Riggin, University of Central Oklahoma, Oklahoma, United States

Michelle Rozenman, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States

Christian Rück, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden

Rachel Schwartz, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Robert R. Selles, Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States

Roz Shafran, Institute of Child Health, University College London, United Kingdom

Jedidiah Siev, Nova Southeastern University, Florida, United States

J. V. Simms, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, United States

Michael Simons, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany

Gudmundur Skarphedinsson, Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Eastern and Southern Norway, Oslo, Norway

Ashley J. Smith, Kansas City Center for Anxiety Treatment, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas, United States

Brooke M. Smith, Utah State University, Logan, United States

Stian Solem, Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway

Elyse Stewart, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island, United States

S. Evelyn Stewart, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Eric A. Storch, Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States

Steven Taylor, Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada

G. Tellawi, Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky

Cynthia Turner, School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia

Michael P. Twohig, Utah State University, Logan, United States

Robert Valderhaug, Regional Center for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway

Patrick A. Vogel, Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway

Allison Vreeland, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States

Herbert E. Ward, Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Florida, United States

Bernhard Weidle, Regional Center for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway

Adrian Wells, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Maureen L. Whittal, Vancouver CBT Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

M. T. Williams, Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States

Kevin D. Wu, Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, United States

Monica S. Wu, Department of Pediatrics, Rothman Center for Neuropsychiatry, University of South Florida, United States

Morag Yule, Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Melanie J. Zimmer-Gembeck, School of Applied Psychology and Behavioural Basis of Health, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia

Shelby E. Zuckerman, Nova Southeastern University, Florida, United States

Obsessive-Compulsive and Related DisordersWhere Have We Been?

Dean McKay, Jonathan S. Abramowitz, and Eric A. Storch

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) was once considered a very rare and untreatable condition (Kringlen, 1965). However, in the past fifty years changes in how the condition is defined and understood has led to the identification of a broad swath of symptoms and associated features that suggest the disorder is fairly common, afflicting up to approximately 1.2%–3% of the population (i.e., Ruscio, Stein, Chiu, & Kessler, 2010; Yuki, Meinlschmidt, Gloster, & Lieb, 2012). Further, research has shown that those with OCD have high rates of disability and occupational and social role dysfunction (Markarian et al., 2010). When the prevalence and functional impairment are considered together with the anxiety and distress that individuals with this condition experience, one recognizes that OCD represents a significant public health concern.

Given the frequency of OCD in the general population, the need to develop effective interventions became clear. At the present time, practice guidelines for OCD treatment emphasize two broad approaches: cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT), particularly exposure with response prevention (ERP); and/or cognitive interventions aimed at specific obsessional belief structures, or serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) medications. Treatment employing CBT is presently associated with large effect sizes (McKay et al., 2015) for both ERP and cognitive therapy tailored to the condition. Relative to psychotherapeutic interventions, SRI medications have somewhat lower effect sizes for symptom relief (Fineberg et al., 2015). These two treatment approaches, broadly speaking, have improved the lives of countless OCD sufferers.

Unfortunately, however, the outlook is not necessarily so rosy for all people with OCD. First, a significant minority fail to respond to the available treatments, with estimates of non-response as high as 30%. Research has suggested that factors that contribute to non-response include high levels of scrupulosity; overvalued ideas regarding the accuracy of obsessions and/or necessity of compulsions; comorbid psychopathology, such as depression or trauma; emotional states other than anxiety as motivator of avoidance; and noncompliance with the demands of treatment. Second, there are additional factors that can contribute to poor outcome that include poor delivery or implementation of CBT, erroneous functional assessment of primary symptoms, and inadequate attention to cultural factors (reviewed in McKay, Arocho, & Brand, 2014). Third, it has also been shown that some specific symptoms of the condition respond better to treatment than others (i.e., checking versus symmetry/ordering; Abramowitz, Franklin, Schwartz, & Furr, 2003). These are significant issues to reckon with in the delivery of care for OCD.

The aim of Volume 1 of this two-volume set is to provide practitioners and researchers with a comprehensive resource for conceptualizing, assessing, and treating the full range of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. While the DSM-5 definition of OCD captures a broad array of symptoms, clinicians and researchers have observed that patients with specific types of symptoms are differentially responsive to available treatments. This differential treatment response has led researchers and clinicians to propose that clinically important subtypes of OCD exist. In turn, these proposals have prompted the development of theoretical mini-models for various presentations of the condition (e.g., contamination, scrupulosity), each with their own assessment and treatment implications. Given the impressive heterogeneity of the disorder, and the need to understand specific symptom subtypes in the unique manner of their manifestation, it is our expectation that the chapters in Volume 1 will be an invaluable resource for providing effective care to the full range of OCD sufferers.

Once it is appreciated how obsessional experiences manifest, it is tempting to examine other forms of psychopathology to determine what, if any, characteristics might resemble OCD. For more than two decades, efforts to conceptualize a range of psychopathology as part of a putative obsessive-compulsive spectrum have been underway (i.e., Hollander, 1993). The list of candidate disorders for this spectrum has varied, with some writing suggesting a large proportion of DSM-defined disorders fitting in the category, to narrower conceptualizations with a much more conservative set of so-called “spectrum” conditions (Hollander, Braun, & Simeon, 2008; Storch, Abramowitz, & Goodman, 2008).

The theoretical, conceptual, and clinical justifications for including or excluding certain conditions from the obsessive-compulsive spectrum has varied, with some taking a pragmatic model approach via commonalities in phenomenology and response to comparable treatments (i.e., Fineberg, Saxena, Zohar, & Craig, 2011) to a more theory-driven model premised on a breakdown in behavioral inhibition (Hollander & Rosen, 2000). The former approach derives from several sources. First, individuals with a range of other psychopathology report intrusive images and seemingly “compulsive” behavior germane to their diagnosis. Therefore, an individual with hoarding could be said to have “obsessions” regarding opportunities to gather new material goods that would interfere with her or his cognitive processing of other information. Similarly, someone with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) “compulsively” checks their appearance to reduce distress. Second, individuals with some other forms of psychopathology respond to treatments that are effective for OCD. Research suggests that SRI medication can be helpful in alleviating body image concerns associated with BDD (Phillips, 2004). Third, it has been suggested that putative obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders share clinical and demographic characteristics, such as family history, comorbidity, and course of illness. The impetus from this pragmatic perspective provides an intuitive rationale for a spectrum of obsessive-compulsive disorders, since this conceptualization could serve to streamline the way in which clinicians develop treatments for a much larger range of clientele. Notably, others have questioned this approach on the basis of its conceptual foundation and lack of definitive data (e.g., Abramowitz & Jacoby, 2015; Storch et al., 2008).

The latter approach, a breakdown in behavioral inhibition, derives from a brain-based model of executive functioning related to control over actions. A theory-derived model would also have wide appeal, since it would permit researchers and clinicians to conceptualize a wide range of conditions within a single theoretical model, and again have the net effect of streamlining treatment. Advocates for this approach, now referred to as the obsessive-compulsive related disorders (OCRDs), cite these factors in support of the recent addition of this category to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Given the degree that there are disorders conceptualized in this manner, a journal has been launched devoted entirely to this category of disorders (Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders). While the research on shared and unique features that other psychopathology may have with OCD continues, the conditions that are formally part of this category in the DSM-5 are as follows: OCD, Hoarding, Excoriation Disorder, Trichotillomania, and Body Dysmorphic Disorder. While there have been a number of virtues raised regarding this model, there have also been a number of critiques that range from limited support for the conceptualization in the empirical research (Abramowitz et al., 2009; McKay, Abramowitz, & Taylor, 2008) to faulty conceptualization of the research itself (McKay & Neziroglu, 2009).

In light of the heterogeneity of OCD, it should not come as a surprise that the disorders that form the OCRD are likewise complex and varied. In conceptualizing and developing this two-volume set, we determined that readers would be best served by chapters that cover not only the disorders that form the newly developed OCRD class of conditions in DSM-5, but a wider range of conditions that have, at one point or another, been characterized in the research as a possible member of this category. Accordingly, this includes health anxiety (and formerly Hypochondriasis) as well as Tourette Syndrome. It also led to the identification of problems commonly associated with OCD that may also play a role in putative related disorders. To cite one example, sensory intolerance is a problem that has been gaining increased recognition among practitioners and researchers. It is also a problem observed in some conditions associated with OCD, such as Tourette Syndrome.

As a result of this broad-reaching categorization for the OCRD, the chapters in Volume 2 cover a diverse array of conditions, associated treatments, and interventions for ancillary problems observed in OCD as well as the OCRD, such as the aforementioned sensory intolerance, problems in incompleteness and harm avoidance, and remote treatment delivery. It is hoped that readers will come away with a sense of optimism that the treatment needs of a very large segment of sufferers can be addressed with the range of material available in these two volumes. It is likewise the wish of the editors that these texts will further stimulate discussion and scholarship about the nature and treatment of these conditions.

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