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- Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
- Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
- Sprache: Englisch
You and your trusty TI-84+ can ace math, together Graphing calculators are an essential tool in many high school and college math courses. TI-84 Plus CE Graphing Calculator For Dummies teaches you how to use these handy little machines with confidence, for basic math and far, far beyond. Packed with insider tips, common mistakes to avoid, and updates on the newest products available, this is the must-have reference to get the most out of your graphing calculator. You'll learn how to navigate the home screen, menus, and mode settings. And we'll teach you how to use your calculator to, uh, do math--starting with basic arithmetic functions and stepping up through matrices, complex numbers, and beyond. You can even learn about probability and how to conduct statistical data analysis with your TI-84+. Get graphing! * Grasp the basics of using your TI-84+ graphing calculator * Learn how to use shortcut menus to enter fractions, matrices and logarithms (with a change of base!) * Figure out how to make charts, scatter plots, and more * Get started programming in Python on the new TI-84 Plus CE Python Edition * If you have the older TI-84+, look for tips that point out keystroke and functionality differences This edition of TI-84 Plus CE Graphing Calculator For Dummies lets you do everything there is to do with the very latest TI-84+ models. Whatever kind of math you're doing, you'll get some quality screen time in, thanks to Dummies.
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TI-84 Plus CE Graphing Calculator For Dummies®, 3rd Edition
Published by: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, www.wiley.com
Copyright © 2022 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey
Published simultaneously in Canada
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Library of Congress Control Number: 2022942903
ISBN 978-1-119-88760-7 (pbk); ISBN 978-1-119-88761-4 (ebk); ISBN 978-1-119-88762-1 (ebk)
TI-84 Plus CE Graphing Calculator For Dummies®
To view this book's Cheat Sheet, simply go to www.dummies.com and search for “TI-84 Plus CE Graphing Calculator For Dummies Cheat Sheet” in the Search box.
Table of Contents
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Introduction
About This Book
Foolish Assumptions
Icons Used in This Book
Beyond the Book
Where to Go from Here
Part 1: Making Friends with the Calculator
Chapter 1: Starting with the Basics
Why Didn’t I Think of That?
Charging the Battery
Turning the Calculator On and Off
Using the Keyboard
What Is the Home Screen?
The Busy Indicator
Editing Entries
Copying and Pasting
Using Menus
Setting the Mode
Using the Catalog
Chapter 2: Doing Basic Arithmetic
Entering and Evaluating Expressions
Using Exponents and Roots
Working in Scientific Notation
Getting Familiar with Important Keys
Following the Order of Operations
Using the Previous Answer
Storing Variables
Combining Expressions
Chapter 3: Dealing with Fractions
Setting the Mode
Converting Fractions and Decimals
Accessing Shortcut Menus
Entering Fractions and Mixed Numbers
Entering Complex Numbers in Fractions
Entering Complex Fractions
Chapter 4: Solving Equations
Using the Numeric Solver
Assigning Values to Variables
Finding Multiple Solutions
Using the Solve Function
Discovering the PlySmlt2 App
Part 2: Taking Your Calculator Relationship to the Next Level
Chapter 5: Working with Complex Numbers
Setting the Mode
Entering Complex Numbers
Interpreting Strange-looking Results
Using the CMPLX menu
Chapter 6: Understanding the Math Menu and Submenus
Getting to Know the Math Menu and Submenus
Accessing Catalog Help from the Math Menu
The Math MATH Submenu
The Math NUM Submenu
Chapter 7: The Angle and Test Menus
The Angle Menu
The Test Menu
Using Logic Commands
Using Conditions
Chapter 8: Creating and Editing Matrices
Entering Matrices
Storing a Matrix
Matrix Arithmetic
Evaluating the Determinant and Other Matrix Operations
Solving a System of Equations
Part 3: Graphing and Analyzing Functions
Chapter 9: Graphing Functions
Entering Functions
Formatting Your Graph
Graphing Functions
Adjusting Your Color/Line Settings
Graphing Families of Functions
Graphing Piecewise Functions Using the Template
Graphing Trig Functions
Viewing the Function and Graph on the Same Screen
Chapter 10: Exploring Functions
Tracing a Graph
Using Zoom Commands
Displaying Functions in a Table
Clearing a Table
Viewing the Table and the Graph on the Same Screen
Chapter 11: Evaluating Functions
Finding the Value of a Function
Composing Functions
Finding the Zeros of a Function
Finding Min and Max
Finding Points of Intersection
Finding the Slope of a Curve
Evaluating a Definite Integral
Graphing Derivatives to Find Critical Points
Solving Equations by Graphing
Drawing the Inverse of a Function
Drawing the Tangent of a Function
Chapter 12: Graphing Inequalities
Graphing One-Variable Inequalities
Starting Inequality Graphing
Entering Functions and Inequalities
Exploring a Graph
Storing Data Points
Quitting Inequality Graphing
Chapter 13: Graphing Parametric Equations
Changing the Mode
Selecting the Graph Style
Entering Parametric Equations
Setting the Window
Graphing Parametric Equations
Using Zoom to Change the Window
Using Trace to Evaluate a Parametric Equation
Viewing the Table of a Parametric Graph
Taking the Derivative of Parametric Equations
Chapter 14: Graphing Polar Equations
Changing the Mode
Selecting the Graph Style
Entering Polar Equations
Setting the Window
Graphing Polar Equations
Using Zoom to Change the Window
Using Trace to Evaluate a Polar Equation
Viewing the Table of a Polar Graph
Taking the Derivative of Polar Equations
Part 4: Working with Probability and Statistics
Chapter 15: Probability
Evaluating Factorials
Permutations and Combinations
Using the Binomial Theorem
Generating Random Numbers
Chapter 16: Dealing with Statistical Data
Entering Data
Deleting and Editing Data
Inserting Data Lists
Using Formulas to Enter Data
Copying and Recalling Data Lists
Sorting Data Lists
Chapter 17: Analyzing Statistical Data
Plotting One-Variable Data
Plotting Two-Variable Data
Tracing Statistical Data Plots
Analyzing Statistical Data
Part 5: Doing More with Your Calculator
Chapter 18: Communicating with a PC Using TI Connect CE Software
Downloading TI Connect
Installing and Running TI Connect
Connecting Calculator and PC
Transferring Files
Using the Calculator Explorer Workspace to Transfer Files from Calculator to Computer
Upgrading the OS using a TI CE Bundle file
Chapter 19: Communicating Between Calculators
Linking Calculators
Transferring Files
Using Resend to Multiply Your Efforts
Chapter 20: Fun with Images
Inserting Photo Images as a Background of a Graph
Using TI Connect CE Software to Transfer Images
Using Quick Plot & Fit Equation
Chapter 21: Managing Memory
Checking Available Memory
Deleting and Archiving to Preserve Memory
Resetting the Calculator
Grouping and Ungrouping Programs
Garbage Collecting
Part 6: The Part of Tens
Chapter 22: Ten Essential Skills
Copying and Pasting
Converting a Decimal to a Fraction
Changing the Mode
Accessing Hidden Menus
Entering Imaginary Numbers
Storing a variable
Graphing a Function
Finding the Intersection Point
Graphing a Scatter Plot
Performing a Linear Regression
Chapter 23: Ten Common Errors
Using
¹
Instead of
Ì
to Indicate That a Number Is Negative
Indicating the Order of Operations Incorrectly by Using Parentheses
Improperly Entering the Argument for Menu Functions
Accidentally Deleting a List
Entering an Angle in Degrees in Radian Mode
Graphing Trigonometric Functions in Degree Mode
Graphing Functions When Stat Plots Are Active
Inadequately Setting the Display Contrast
Setting the Window Inappropriately for Graphing
Accidentally Deactivating a Function
Chapter 24: Ten Common Error Messages
ARGUMENT
BAD GUESS
DIMENSION MISMATCH
DIVIDE BY ZERO
INVALID
INVALID DIMENSION
NO SIGN CHANGE
SINGULAR MATRIX
SYNTAX
WINDOW RANGE
Part 7: Appendices
Appendix A: Creating Calculator Programs
Creating and Saving a Program on the Calculator
Editing a Program on the Calculator
Executing a Calculator Program
Deleting a Program from the Calculator
Appendix B: Controlling Program Input and Output
Using Input Commands
Using Output Commands
Using a Program to Display a Graph
Changing the Color and Graph Style of a Function
Changing the Color of Text on a Graph
Housekeeping Issues
Appendix C: Controlling Program Flow
Entering Control Commands in a Program
Using Decision Commands
Using Looping Commands
Using Branching Commands
Stopping a Program
Pausing a Program
Executing an External Program as a Subroutine
Appendix D: Introducing Python Programming
Getting to Know the Workspaces
Managing a Python Program in your Calculator
Appendix E: Mastering the Basics of Python Programming
Using Input Commands in a Python Program
Index
About the Authors
Supplemental Images
Connect with Dummies
End User License Agreement
List of Tables
Chapter 17
TABLE 17-1 One- and Two-Variable Data Analysis
TABLE 17-2 Types of Regression Models
List of Illustrations
Chapter 1
FIGURE 1-1: Improvements to the TI-84 Plus.
FIGURE 1-2: Battery status icon battery levels.
FIGURE 1-3: Battery level warning screen.
FIGURE 1-4: Information screen.
FIGURE 1-5: Copying and pasting.
FIGURE 1-6: Submenus of the Math menu.
FIGURE 1-7: Mode, MathPrint, and Classic screens.
FIGURE 1-8: Normal, scientific, and engineering notations.
FIGURE 1-9: Linear regression wizard and setting the clock.
FIGURE 1-10: Steps for using the Catalog.
Chapter 2
FIGURE 2-1: Evaluating arithmetic expressions.
FIGURE 2-2: Scientific calculator keys.
FIGURE 2-3: Entering calculations.
FIGURE 2-4: Powers and roots.
FIGURE 2-5: Scientific notation.
FIGURE 2-6: Examples of arithmetic expressions.
FIGURE 2-7: Order of operations.
FIGURE 2-8: Using the previous answer.
FIGURE 2-9: Storing steps.
FIGURE 2-10: Combining expressions.
Chapter 3
FIGURE 3-1: Modes of the calculated answer.
FIGURE 3-2: Converting fractions and decimals.
FIGURE 3-3: Accessing the FRAC menu.
FIGURE 3-4: Fraction templates and conversions tools.
FIGURE 3-5: Entering complex numbers in fractions.
FIGURE 3-6: Entering complex fractions.
Chapter 4
FIGURE 4-1: The Numeric Solver.
FIGURE 4-2: Steps for solving an equation in the Numeric Solver.
FIGURE 4-3: Assigning values to variables.
FIGURE 4-4: Making strategic guesses to find multiple solutions.
FIGURE 4-5: Defining the bound variable.
FIGURE 4-6: Using the Numeric Solver on the TI-84 Plus.
FIGURE 4-7: Using the Solve function.
FIGURE 4-8: Using the Polynomial Root Finder.
FIGURE 4-9: Using the Polynomial Root Finder on the TI-84 Plus.
FIGURE 4-10: Using the Simultaneous Equation Solver.
FIGURE 4-11: Using the Simultaneous Equation Solver on the TI-84 Plus.
Chapter 5
FIGURE 5-1: Setting the mode.
FIGURE 5-2: Entering complex numbers.
FIGURE 5-3: Interpreting strange-looking results.
FIGURE 5-4: CMPLX menu functions.
FIGURE 5-5: More CMPLX menu functions.
Chapter 6
FIGURE 6-1: MATH submenu and NUM submenu.
FIGURE 6-2: Accessing Catalog Help from the Math menu.
FIGURE 6-3: Converting fractions and decimals.
FIGURE 6-4: Cubes, roots, and function maximums and minimums.
FIGURE 6-5: Numerical differentiation and integration and other templates.
FIGURE 6-6: The Math NUM functions.
FIGURE 6-7: Additional Math NUM functions.
Chapter 7
FIGURE 7-1: Converting between degrees and radians.
FIGURE 7-2: Converting from radian to degrees and from degrees to DMS.
FIGURE 7-3: Entering DMS and overriding the mode.
FIGURE 7-4: Converting rectangular and polar coordinates.
FIGURE 7-5: Comparing numbers.
FIGURE 7-6: Equivalent expressions.
FIGURE 7-7: Logic commands.
FIGURE 7-8: Using conditions.
Chapter 8
FIGURE 8-1: Entering a matrix.
FIGURE 8-2: Storing a matrix.
FIGURE 8-3: Matrix arithmetic.
FIGURE 8-4: The powers and inverses of matrices.
FIGURE 8-5: The determinant of a matrix and other matrix operations.
FIGURE 8-6: MATRX MATH menu operations.
FIGURE 8-7: The coefficient and constant matrices.
FIGURE 8-8: The A
–1
*B method.
FIGURE 8-9: Augmenting two matrices and storing the result.
FIGURE 8-10: Finding the reduced row-echelon form.
Chapter 9
FIGURE 9-1: Setting the mode and entering functions.
FIGURE 9-2: Referencing another function in the Y= editor.
FIGURE 9-3: Grid options in the Format menu.
FIGURE 9-4: Format menu options.
FIGURE 9-5: Border color and background in the Format menu.
FIGURE 9-6: Detect Asymptotes in the Format menu.
FIGURE 9-7: Turning Stat Plot off and on.
FIGURE 9-8: Select (turn on) and deselect (turn off) a function.
FIGURE 9-9: Graphing window.
FIGURE 9-10: Stopping or pausing your graph.
FIGURE 9-11: Color and graph line style.
FIGURE 9-12: Shading above and below curve styles.
FIGURE 9-13: Path and animated styles.
FIGURE 9-14: Families of functions.
FIGURE 9-15: Starting the Transformation app.
FIGURE 9-16: Using the Transformations app.
FIGURE 9-17: Using preset functions in the Transformation app.
FIGURE 9-18: Quitting the Transformation app.
FIGURE 9-19: Entering piecewise functions.
FIGURE 9-20: Graphing piecewise functions.
FIGURE 9-21: Graphing trig functions.
FIGURE 9-22: Horizontal mode.
Chapter 10
FIGURE 10-1: Using Trace.
FIGURE 10-2: Moving the Trace cursor to a specific
x
-value.
FIGURE 10-3: Zoom commands with preset windows.
FIGURE 10-4: Zoom commands that help you find the appropriate window.
FIGURE 10-5: Zoom commands that help you readjust the graphing window.
FIGURE 10-6: Zoom commands that help you zoom in or out.
FIGURE 10-7: Storing and recalling your favorite graphing window.
FIGURE 10-8: Automatically generating a table.
FIGURE 10-9: A user-generated table.
FIGURE 10-10: Editing a function in a table.
FIGURE 10-11: Clearing a table.
FIGURE 10-12: A Graph-Table split screen.
FIGURE 10-13: Moving the cursor between the table and graph.
Chapter 11
FIGURE 11-1: Using a graph to find a specific
x
-value of a function.
FIGURE 11-2: Using your calculator to find a specific
x
-value of a function.
FIGURE 11-3: Graphing composed functions.
FIGURE 11-4: Function composition at a specific
x
-value.
FIGURE 11-5: Steps in finding the zero of a function.
FIGURE 11-6: Steps in finding the maximum value of a function.
FIGURE 11-7: Steps in finding a point of intersection.
FIGURE 11-8: Steps in finding the slope at a specified value of
x
.
FIGURE 11-9: Steps in evaluating a definite integral.
FIGURE 11-10: Graphing the derivative to find the critical points.
FIGURE 11-11: Solving equations by graphing.
FIGURE 11-12: Draw the inverse of a function.
FIGURE 11-13: Graphing and storing tangent functions.
Chapter 12
FIGURE 12-1: Graphing a one-variable inequality.
FIGURE 12-2: Graphing compound inequalities.
FIGURE 12-3: Starting the Inequality app.
FIGURE 12-4: The Y= editor when Inequality Graphing is running.
FIGURE 12-5: Defining inequalities in the Y= editor and changing colors.
FIGURE 12-6: Defining inequalities in the X= editor.
FIGURE 12-7: Graphing the intersection or union.
FIGURE 12-8: Finding points of intersection.
FIGURE 12-9: Storing points.
FIGURE 12-10: Viewing lists INEQX and INEQY.
FIGURE 12-11: Quitting the Inequality app.
Chapter 13
FIGURE 13-1: Changing the mode to Parametric.
FIGURE 13-2: Selecting the Graph Style.
FIGURE 13-3: Entering parametric equations.
FIGURE 13-4: Setting the window.
FIGURE 13-5: Graphing parametric equations.
FIGURE 13-6: Using Zoom.
FIGURE 13-7: Using Trace to evaluate a parametric equation.
FIGURE 13-8: Viewing the table of a parametric graph.
FIGURE 13-9: Finding the derivative of parametric equations.
Chapter 14
FIGURE 14-1: Polar coordinates.
FIGURE 14-2: Changing the mode to Polar.
FIGURE 14-3: Selecting the Graph Style.
FIGURE 14-4: Entering polar equations.
FIGURE 14-5: Setting the window.
FIGURE 14-6: Graphing polar equations.
FIGURE 14-7: Using Zoom.
FIGURE 14-8: Using Trace to evaluate a polar equation.
FIGURE 14-9: Viewing the table of a polar graph.
FIGURE 14-10: Finding the derivative of polar equations.
Chapter 15
FIGURE 15-1: Evaluating factorials.
FIGURE 15-2: Permutations and combinations.
FIGURE 15-3: Using the Binomial theorem.
FIGURE 15-4: Generating random integers.
FIGURE 15-5: Generating random integers with no repeats.
FIGURE 15-6: Generating random numbers (between 0 and 1).
FIGURE 15-7: Days between dates and seeding your calculator.
Chapter 16
FIGURE 16-1: The Stat List editor.
FIGURE 16-2: Clearing lists.
FIGURE 16-3: Deleting lists.
FIGURE 16-4: Steps for inserting a data list.
FIGURE 16-5: Steps for using a formula to enter data.
FIGURE 16-6: Steps for copying data from one list to another.
FIGURE 16-7: Recalling data lists.
FIGURE 16-8: Sorting data.
FIGURE 16-9: Sorting data lists while keeping rows intact.
Chapter 17
FIGURE 17-1: One-variable statistical plots.
FIGURE 17-2: Constructing a histogram.
FIGURE 17-3: Constructing a histogram.
FIGURE 17-4: Steps for defining the class size in a histogram.
FIGURE 17-5: A box plot with a histogram and with a modified box plot.
FIGURE 17-6: Two-variable statistical plots.
FIGURE 17-7: Tracing statistical data plots.
FIGURE 17-8: Steps for one-variable data analysis.
FIGURE 17-9: Steps for two-variable data analysis.
FIGURE 17-10: Performing regression.
FIGURE 17-11: Graphing a regression model.
FIGURE 17-12: Graphing a residual plot.
FIGURE 17-13: Using Manual-Fit.
FIGURE 17-14: Using statistics commands on the Home screen.
Chapter 18
FIGURE 18-1: TI Connect CE software.
FIGURE 18-2: The Calculator List panel.
FIGURE 18-3: Transferring files from your calculator to a computer.
FIGURE 18-4: Transferring files from a computer to your calculator.
FIGURE 18-5: Download TI CE bundle.
FIGURE 18-6: Send the TI CE bundle.
Chapter 19
FIGURE 19-1: Selecting files for transmission between calculators.
FIGURE 19-2: Selecting and receiving calculator screens.
FIGURE 19-3: Dealing with duplicate file names.
FIGURE 19-4: Using RESEND.
Chapter 20
FIGURE 20-1: Inserting images.
FIGURE 20-2: Using TI Connect CE software to transfer images.
FIGURE 20-3: Using Quick Plot & Fit Equation.
FIGURE 20-4: Storing the regression equations and data.
Chapter 21
FIGURE 21-1: Checking available RAM and archive memory.
FIGURE 21-2: Archiving, unarchiving, and deleting programs.
FIGURE 21-3: Resetting your calculator.
FIGURE 21-4: Creating a group.
FIGURE 21-5: Creating a group and then ungrouping.
FIGURE 21-6: Garbage collecting.
Chapter 23
FIGURE 23-1: Accessing the built-in Catalog Help feature.
FIGURE 23-2: Restoring a list using the SetUpEditor Command.
FIGURE 23-3: Turning off stat plots.
FIGURE 23-4: Activating a deactivated function.
Appendix A
FIGURE A-1: The steps for creating a program.
FIGURE A-2: Executing a program.
Appendix B
FIGURE B-1: The Program I/O menu.
FIGURE B-2: Using the Input command.
FIGURE B-3: Using the Prompt command.
FIGURE B-4: Limiting text items to 26 characters.
FIGURE B-5: Using the Disp command.
FIGURE B-6: Using the Output command.
FIGURE B-7: Using the ZStandard command to display a graph.
FIGURE B-8: Changing the color and graph style of a graph.
FIGURE B-9: Changing the color of text and the result.
FIGURE B-10: The consequence of not clearing the Home screen.
FIGURE B-11: Using the CLRHOME program to clear the Home screen.
Appendix C
FIGURE C-1: The Program Control menu.
FIGURE C-2: Using the If command.
FIGURE C-3: Using the If … Then … End command.
FIGURE C-4: Using the If … Then … Else … End command.
FIGURE C-5: Using the While … End and Repeat … End commands.
FIGURE C-6: Using the For … End command.
FIGURE C-7: Using the Goto command to execute a subroutine.
FIGURE C-8: Using the Goto command to terminate a program.
FIGURE C-9: A terminating menu-driven program.
FIGURE C-10: A menu-driven program that returns the user to the menu.
FIGURE C-11: A paused program.
FIGURE C-12: Using the Return command in a called program.
Appendix D
FIGURE D-1: The three workspaces.
FIGURE D-2: The PRINT program
.
FIGURE D-3: The Shell workspace.
FIGURE D-4: Managing a Python program
.
Appendix E
FIGURE E-1: The On-screen Text Selector.
FIGURE E-2: Inputting a string.
FIGURE E-3: Mathematical operations on a string.
FIGURE E-4: Using the integer data type.
FIGURE E-5: Using the float data type.
FIGURE E-6: Using If statements.
FIGURE E-7: Conditional commands.
FIGURE E-8: The Tools menu.
Guide
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Table of Contents
Begin Reading
Index
About the Authors
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Introduction
Do you know how to use the TI-84 Plus or TI-84 Plus CE family of calculators to do each of the following?
Access hidden shortcut menus
Graph functions, inequalities, or transformations of functions
Copy and paste expressions
Insert an image as the background of a graph (TI-84 Plus CE only)
Write calculator programs (including Python for the TI-84 Plus CE)
Transfer files between two or more calculators
Create stat plots and analyze statistical data
Graph scatter plots, parametric equations, polar equations, and even piecewise functions
If not, then this is the book for you. Contained within these pages are straightforward, easy-to-follow directions that show you how to do everything listed here — and much, much more.
About This Book
The TI-84 Plus CE calculator is capable of doing a lot of things, and this book shows you how to utilize its full potential.
It covers more than just the basics of using the calculator, paying special attention to warn you of the problems that you could encounter if you know only the basics of using the calculator.
This is a reference book. It’s process-driven, not application-driven. You won’t be given a problem to solve and then be told how to use the calculator to solve that particular problem. Instead, you’re given the steps needed to get the calculator to perform a particular task, such as constructing a histogram or graphing a scatter plot.
When I refer to “your calculator,” I am referring to any calculator from the TI-84 Plus and TI-84 Plus CE family of calculators because the keystrokes on these calculators are almost the same. When I want you to press a key on the calculator, I use an icon for that key. For example, if I want you to press the ENTER key, I say press Í. If I want you to press a series of keys, such as the Stat key and then the right-arrow key, I say (for example) press …~. All keys on the calculator are pressed one at a time — there is no such thing as holding down one key while you press another key.
It’s tricky enough to get familiar with the location of the keys on the calculator, and even more of a challenge to remember the location of the secondary functions, such as the blue functions that appear above the key. So when I want you to access one of those functions, I give you the actual keystrokes. For example, if I want you to access the Angle menu, I tell you to press yŒ. This is a simpler method than that of the manual that came with your calculator — which would say press y; and then make you hunt for the location of the secondary function ANGLE. The same principle holds for using key combinations to enter specific characters; for example, I tell you to press ƒÊ to enter a space.
When I want you to use the arrow keys, but not in any specific order, I say press the ~|}† keys or use the arrow keys. If I want you to use only the up- and down-arrow keys, I say press }†.
All of the screenshots in this book were taken using the TI-84 Plus CE calculator. Of course, you will only be able to see color screenshots in the color insert pages.
Foolish Assumptions
My nonfoolish assumption is that you know (in effect) nothing about using the calculator, or you wouldn’t be reading this book. My foolish assumptions are as follows:
You own, or have access to, a calculator from the TI-84 Plus or TI-84 Plus CE family of calculators.
If you want to transfer files between your calculator and your computer, I assume that you have a computer and know the basics of how to operate it.
Icons Used in This Book
This book uses four icons to help you along the way. Here’s what they are and what they mean:
The text following this icon tells you about shortcuts and other ways of enhancing your use of the calculator.
The icon alerts you to keystroke and functionality differences between the TI-84 Plus and the newer TI-84 Plus CE calculators.
The text following this icon tells you something you should remember because if you don’t, it may cause you problems later. Usually the Remember icon highlights a reminder to enter the appropriate type of number so you can avoid an error message.
There is no such thing as crashing the calculator. But this icon warns you of those few times when you can do something wrong on the calculator and be totally baffled because the calculator is giving you confusing feedback — either no error message or a cryptic error message that doesn’t really tell you the true location of the problem.
This is the stuff you don’t need to read unless you’re really curious.
Beyond the Book
In addition to what you’re reading right now, this product also comes with a free access-anywhere Cheat Sheet that lists some important TI-84 Plus keystrokes and explains the basics of graphing, among other things. To get this Cheat Sheet, simply go to https://www.dummies.com/ and enter TI-84 Plus CE Graphing Calculator For Dummies Cheat Sheet in the Search box.
Where to Go from Here
This book is designed so you do not have to read it from cover to cover. You don’t even have to start reading at the beginning of a chapter. When you want to know how to get the calculator to do something, just start reading at the beginning of the appropriate section. The Index and Table of Contents should help you find whatever you’re looking for.
Part 1
Making Friends with the Calculator
IN THIS PART …
Get up and running with your TI-84 Plus CE.
Figure out how to access the fraction tools using the shortcut menu.
Find out how to evaluate expressions and store variables.
See how to use Numeric Solver to solve equations.
Discover how you can use the PlySmlt2 app to find the roots of a polynomial and solve a system of equations.
Chapter 1
Starting with the Basics
IN THIS CHAPTER
Turning the calculator on and off
Using the keyboard
Utilizing the menus
Setting the mode of the calculator
Using the Catalog
The most popular calculator in the world just got a makeover! In this book, you find out how to take advantage of the improvements that have been made to the TI-84 Plus, as well as all of the built-in functionality that has not changed. The best way to use your calculator to the fullest is to read this book and start playing with the device.
The TI-84 Plus CE graphing calculator is loaded with many useful features. With it, you can solve equations of all types. You can graph and investigate functions, parametric equations, polar equations, and sequences. You can use it to analyze statistical data and to manipulate matrices.
What if you own the TI-84 Plus and not the TI-84 Plus CE? No worries! The vast majority of the steps will be exactly the same for both calculators. You’ll see a difference in the appearance of the graph screen — the TI-84 Plus CE has a higher resolution color screen. If you own the TI-84 Plus, ignore any steps referencing color and skip Chapter 22 (about inserting color images) altogether.
Look for this TI-84 Plus Tip icon to point out differences between the TI-84 Plus and the TI-84 Plus CE.
If you’ve never used a graphing calculator before, you may at first find it a bit intimidating. After all, it contains about two dozen menus, many of which contain three or four submenus. But it’s really not that hard to get used to using the calculator. After you get familiar with what the calculator is capable of doing, finding the menu that houses the command you need is quite easy. And you have this book to help you along the way.
Why Didn’t I Think of That?
You may have the same reaction that I did to some of the changes that have been made to the calculator: “Why didn’t I think of that?” It’s possible that you did actually! Many of the changes to the TI-84 Plus are a direct result of feedback received from teachers and students. After all, Texas Instruments is committed to providing the best tools for the teaching and learning of mathematics and science.
CE is short for color enhancement. Having a color screen is a game-changer! Say goodbye to having trouble distinguishing functions when you’re graphing more than one function on the same screen. Although some of the improvements are subtle, you’ll notice others the first time you pick up your new calculator. Here’s a small sampling of the changes:
New menu options:
I love that all additional menu options have been strategically placed at the end of menus. For example, a new option in the Stat CALC menu, QuickPlot & Fit–EQ, as illustrated in the first screen in
Figure 1-1
. Have you memorized keystrokes, like
q
for ZStandard? No problem! The functionality you know hasn’t changed.
Status Bar:
A quick glance at the top of your screen informs you of the mode settings (like Radian or Degree) as well as a battery status icon. See the top of any of the screens in
Figure 1-1
. The Status Bar is always there whether you’re working on the current line of the Home screen, graph, or table!
FIGURE 1-1: Improvements to the TI-84 Plus.
Higher resolution LCD backlit screen:
Not quite HD quality, but the new screen has more than twelve times as many graph area pixels as the original (320 × 244 versus 96 × 64)! Plus, you can work on problems at night on a screen that’s backlit.
Sleek design:
30 percent thinner and lighter than the TI-84 Plus. It measures 7.59 × 3.42 inches; similar dimensions to an oversized cell phone, which makes it easy to fit in your pocket. Is it ever a bad idea to have your calculator with you?
More memory:
Gone are the days of worrying about whether you have enough memory to store your programs! TI-84 Plus CE has three times as much RAM and about six times as much ROM.
Border on graph screen:
Helpful info like function names and coordinates of intersection points are kept separate from the graph, as shown in the second screen in
Figure 1-1
. Whoever thought of this is brilliant!
Table enhancements:
Separator lines and color-coded lists (matching the functions) are more pleasing to the eye. Built-in tips called Context Help are located at the top of the screen, including hints like Press + for ∆Tbl. Check out the new table look in the third screen in
Figure 1-1
.
Think you’ve seen it all? Not even close. I explain these improvements and much more — just keep reading.
Charging the Battery
The TI-84 Plus CE uses a Li–ion battery, similar to the one in your cellphone, which holds a charge for up to two weeks. Texas Instruments (TI) recommends charging your battery for at least four hours for peak performance. On the right side of your calculator, an LED light lights up during the recharging process. An amber color indicates your calculator is charging, and a green color indicates your calculator is fully charged. There are three ways to recharge your calculator battery:
The TI-84 Plus does not have a rechargeable battery. You must open the back panel and insert four new AAA batteries.
TI Wall Adapter:
Simply plug in the adapter that came bundled with your calculator.
USB computer cable: Use the USB computer cable that came with your calculator and a computer to charge your calculator. Plug the USB hub into the computer and plug the mini-USB hub into your calculator.
Your computer may not recognize the USB computer cable you are using to charge your calculator. If this happens, download TI-Connect software from http://education.ti.com. For more details on downloading and installing TI-Connect, see Chapter 18.
TI-84 CE Charging Station:
If your classroom has one of these, simply place your calculator in one of the slots of the charging station.
In the top-right part of the screen, a battery status icon indicates the battery level. There are four different battery levels plus a charging icon, as shown in Figure 1-2.
FIGURE 1-2: Battery status icon battery levels.
If your battery loses its charge, the RAM memory on your calculator may be cleared. If you have programs or data that you don’t want to lose, back up your calculator (see Chapter 21 for more details). Your calculator gives you a warning message, as shown in Figure 1-3.
FIGURE 1-3: Battery level warning screen.
Turning the Calculator On and Off
Press É to turn the calculator on. To turn the calculator off, press y and then press É. These keys are in the left column of the keyboard. The É key is at the bottom of the column, and the y key is the second key from the top of this column.
To prolong the life of the batteries, the calculator automatically turns itself off after five minutes of inactivity. But don’t worry — when you press É, all your work will appear on the calculator just as you left it before the calculator turned itself off.
The first time you turn on your calculator, you’re greeted by an information screen, as shown in Figure 1-4. A few helpful reminders are displayed on the information screen. If you want to see this screen the next time you turn on your calculator, press Á. Otherwise, press À or Í.
FIGURE 1-4: Information screen.
In some types of light, the screen can be hard to see. To increase the contrast, press and release y and then hold down } until you have the desired contrast. To decrease the contrast, press y and hold †.
Using the Keyboard
The row of keys under the calculator screen contains the keys you use when graphing. The next three rows, for the most part, contain editing keys, menu keys, and arrow keys. The arrow keys (~|}†) control the movement of the cursor. The remaining rows contain, among other things, the keys you typically find on a scientific calculator.
Keys on the calculator are always pressed one at a time; they are never pressed simultaneously. In this book, an instruction such as yÉ indicates that you should first press y and then press É.
Accessing the functions in blue
Above and to the left of most keys is a secondary key function written in blue. To access that function, first press y and then press the key. For example, π is in blue above the › key, so to use π in an expression, press y and then press ›.
Because hunting for the function in blue can be tedious, in this book I use only the actual keystrokes. For example, I make statements like, “π is entered into the calculator by pressing y›.” Most other books would state, “π is entered into the calculator by pressing yB.
When the y key is active and the calculator is waiting for you to press the next key, the blinking $ cursor symbol is replaced with the Þ symbol.
Using theƒkey to write words
Above and to the right of most keys is a letter written in green. To access these letters, first press ƒ and then press the key. For example, because the letter O is in green above the ¬ key, to enter this letter, press ƒ and then press ¬.
Because hunting for letters on the calculator can be tedious, I tell you the exact keystrokes needed to create them. For example, if I want you to enter the letter O, I say, “Press ƒ¬ to enter the letter O.” Most other books would say “Press ƒ [O]” and leave it up to you to figure out where that letter is on the calculator.
You must press ƒ before entering each letter. However, if you want to enter many letters, first press yƒ to lock the calculator in Alpha mode. Then all you have to do is press the keys for the various letters. When you’re finished, press ƒ to take the calculator out of Alpha mode. For example, to enter the word TEST into the calculator, press yƒ¶˜μ¶ and then press ƒ to tell the calculator that you’re no longer entering letters.
When the calculator is in Alpha mode, the blinking $ cursor symbol is replaced with the Ø symbol. This symbol indicates that the next key you press will insert the green letter above that key. To take the calculator out of Alpha mode, press ƒ.
Using theÍkey
The Í key is used to evaluate expressions and to execute commands. After you have, for example, entered an arithmetic expression (such as 5 + 4), press Í to evaluate that expression. In this context, the Í key functions as the equal sign. Entering arithmetic expressions is explained in Chapter 2.
Using the„key
„ is the key you use to enter the variable in the definition of a function, a parametric equation, a polar equation, or a sequence. In Function mode, this key produces the variable „. In Parametric mode, it produces the variable T; and in Polar and Sequence modes, it produces the variables θ and n, respectively. For more information, see the “Setting the Mode” section later in this chapter.
Using the arrow keys
The arrow keys (~, |, }, and †) control the movement of the cursor. These keys are in a circular pattern in the upper-right corner of the keyboard. As expected, ~ moves the cursor to the right, | moves it to the left, and so on. When I want you to use the arrow keys — but not in any specific order — I refer to them all together, as in “Use the ~|}† keys to place the cursor on the entry.”
Keys to remember
The following keystroke and keys are invaluable:
yz
:
This is the equivalent of the Escape key on a computer. It gets you out of whatever you’re doing (or have finished doing) and returns you to the Home screen. See the next section for more about the Home screen.
Í
:
This key is used to execute commands and to evaluate expressions. When evaluating expressions, it’s the equivalent of the equal sign.
‘
:
This is the “erase” key. If you enter something into the calculator and then change your mind, press this key. If you want to erase the contents of the Home screen, repeatedly press this key until the Home screen is blank.
{
: If you only want to erase one character at a time and not the whole line, use this key.
What Is the Home Screen?
The Home screen is the screen that appears on the calculator when you first turn it on. This is the screen where most of the action takes place as you use the calculator — it’s where you evaluate expressions and execute commands. This is also the screen you usually return to after you’ve completed a task such as entering a matrix in the Matrix editor or entering data in the Stat List editor.
Press yz to return to the Home screen from any other screen. This combination of keystrokes, yz, is the equivalent of the Escape key on a computer. It always takes you back to the Home screen.
If you want to clear the contents of the Home screen, repeatedly press ‘ until the Home screen is blank.
The Busy Indicator
If you see a moving dotted ellipse in the upper-right corner of the screen, this indicates that the calculator is busy graphing a function, evaluating an expression, or executing a command.
If it’s taking too long for the calculator to graph a function, evaluate an expression, or execute a command, and you want to abort the process, press É. If you’re then confronted with a menu that asks you to select either Quit or Goto, select Quit to abort the process.
Editing Entries
The calculator offers four ways to edit an entry:
Deleting the entire entry:
Use the ~|}† keys to place the cursor anywhere in the entry and then press ‘ to delete the entry.
Erasing part of an entry:
To erase a single character, use the ~|}† keys to place the cursor on the character you want to delete and then press { to delete that character.
Inserting characters:
Because “typing over” is the default mode, to insert characters you must first press y{ to enter Insert mode. When you insert characters, the inserted characters are placed to the left of the cursor. For example, if you want to insert CD between B and E in the word ABEF, you would place the cursor on E to make the insertion.
To insert characters, use the ~|}† keys to place the cursor at the location of the desired insertion, press y{, and then key in the characters you want to insert. Notice, the cursor does not blink with the typical $ you’re used to seeing; instead, it blinks with an underscore. When you’re finished inserting characters, press one of the arrow keys to take the calculator out of Insert mode.
Keying over existing characters:
“Type over” is the default mode of the calculator. So if you want to overtype existing characters, just use the ~|}† keys to put the cursor where you want to start, and then use the keyboard to enter new characters.
Copying and Pasting
Save time by not retyping similar expressions from scratch! Press yz to access the Home screen.
Press the } key to scroll through your previous calculations. When a previous entry or answer is highlighted, press Í to paste it into your current entry line. See the first two screens in Figure 1-5.
FIGURE 1-5: Copying and pasting.
After you have pasted the expression into the current entry line, you can edit the expression as much as you like. See the third screen in Figure 1-5.
Press y{ to insert characters into a copied expression. The cursor changes to an underscore, and you can add characters in the middle of an expression instead of typing over the top of other characters.
