Ti-84 Plus Graphing Calculator For Dummies E-Book

Jeff McCalla

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 436

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2013

Beschreibung

Get up-to-speed on the functionality of your TI-84 Plus calculator Completely revised to cover the latest updates to the TI-84 Plus calculators, this bestselling guide will help you become the most savvy TI-84 Plus user in the classroom! Exploring the standard device, the updated device with USB plug and upgraded memory (the TI-84 Plus Silver Edition), and the upcoming color screen device, this book provides you with clear, understandable coverage of the TI-84's updated operating system. * Details the new apps that are available for download to the calculator via the USB cable * Walks you through menus and basic arithmetic * Addresses graphing and analyzing functions as well as probability and statistics functions * Explains how to use the calculator for geometry * Reviews communicating with PCs and other calculators TI-84 Plus Graphic Calculator For Dummies, 2nd Edition is the perfect solution for getting comfortable with the new line of TI-84 calculators!

Leseprobe

TI-84 Plus Graphing Calculator For Dummies, 2nd Edition ®

Visit www.dummies.com/cheatsheet/ti84plus to view this book's cheat sheet.

Table of Contents

Cover

Introduction

About This Book

Conventions Used in This Book

What You’re Not to Read

Foolish Assumptions

How This Book Is Organized

Part I: Making Friends with the Calculator

Part II: Taking Your Calculator Relationship to the Next Level

Part III: Graphing and Analyzing Functions

Part IV: Working with Probability and Statistics

Part V: Doing More with Your Calculator

Part VI: The Part of Tens

Icons Used in This Book

Where to Go from Here

Part I: Making Friends with the Calculator

Chapter 1: Starting with the Basics

Why Didn’t I Think of That?

Charging the Battery

Turning the Calculator On and Off

Using the Keyboard

Accessing the functions in blue

Using the key to write words

Using the key

Using the key

Using the arrow keys

Keys to remember

What Is the Home Screen?

The Busy Indicator

Editing Entries

Copying and Pasting

Using Menus

Accessing a menu

Scrolling a menu

Selecting menu items

Setting the Mode

MathPrint mode versus Classic mode

Using the Catalog

Chapter 2: Doing Basic Arithmetic

Entering and Evaluating Expressions

Using Exponents and Roots

Working in Scientific Notation

Getting Familiar with Important Keys

Following the Order of Operations

Using the Previous Answer

Storing Variables

Combining Expressions

Chapter 3: Dealing with Fractions

Setting the Mode

Converting Fractions and Decimals

Accessing Shortcut Menus

Entering Fractions and Mixed Numbers

Entering Complex Numbers in Fractions

Entering Complex Fractions

Chapter 4: Solving Equations

Using the Equation Solver

Step 1: Enter or edit the equation to be solved

Step 2: Guess a solution

Step 3: Solve the equation

Assigning Values to Variables

Finding Multiple Solutions

Making strategic guesses

Defining the solution bounds

Using the Solve Function

Discovering the PlySmlt2 App

Finding the roots of a polynomial

Solving systems of equations

Part II: Taking Your Calculator Relationship to the Next Level

Chapter 5: Working with Complex Numbers

Setting the Mode

Entering Complex Numbers

Interpreting Strange-looking Results

Using the CMPLX menu

Finding the conjugate of a complex number

Finding the real and imaginary parts of a complex number

Finding the polar angle of a complex number

Finding the magnitude (modulus) of a complex number

Displaying a complex result in polar or rectangular form

Chapter 6: Understanding the Math Menu and Submenus

Getting to Know the Math Menu and Submenus

Accessing Catalog Help from the Math Menu

The Math MATH Submenu

Converting between decimals and fractions

Cubing and taking cube roots

Taking the xth root

Finding the location of maximum and minimum values

Using numerical differentiation and integration templates

Using summation and logarithm templates

The Math NUM Submenu

Finding the absolute value

Rounding numbers

Finding the integer and fractional parts of a value

Using the greatest-integer function

Finding minimum and maximum values in a list of numbers

Finding the least common multiple and greatest common divisor

Finding the remainder

Chapter 7: The Angle and Test Menus

The Angle Menu

Converting degrees to radians

Converting radians to degrees

Converting between degrees and DMS

Entering angles in DMS measure

Overriding the mode of the angle

Converting rectangular and polar coordinates

The Test Menu

Understanding Boolean logic

Comparing numbers

Testing equivalent expressions

Using Logic commands

Chapter 8: Creating and Editing Matrices

Entering Matrices

Storing a Matrix

Matrix Arithmetic

Evaluating the Determinant and Other Matrix Operations

Solving a System of Equations

A

–1

*B method

Augmenting matrices method

Part III: Graphing and Analyzing Functions

Chapter 9: Graphing Functions

Entering Functions

Formatting Your Graph

Graphing Functions

Turning off Stat Plots (if necessary)

Selecting and deselecting a function

Adjusting the graph window

Stopping or pausing your graph

Adjusting Your Color/Line Settings

Graphing Families of Functions

Graphing Piecewise Functions

Graphing Trig Functions

Viewing the Function and Graph on the Same Screen

Saving and Recalling a Graph

Chapter 10: Exploring Functions

Tracing a Graph

Changing the TraceStep

Moving the Trace cursor to any x-value in the graphing window

Using Zoom Commands

Storing and recalling your favorite graphing window

Displaying Functions in a Table

Automatically generated table

User-generated table

Editing a function in a table

Clearing a Table

Viewing the Table and the Graph on the Same Screen

Chapter 11: Evaluating Functions

Finding the Value of a Function

Using your graph to find the value of a function

Using your calculator to find the value of a function

Composing Functions

Using your graph to compose functions

Using your calculator to compose functions

Finding the Zeros of a Function

Finding Min and Max

Finding Points of Intersection

Finding the Slope of a Curve

Evaluating a Definite Integral

Graphing Derivative to Find Critical Points

Solving Equations by Graphing

Drawing the Inverse of a Function

Chapter 12: Graphing Inequalities

Graphing One-Variable Inequalities

Starting Inequality Graphing

Entering Functions and Inequalities

Entering inequalities in the Y= editor

Changing the color of inequalities

Entering inequalities in the X= editor

Graphing Inequalities

Exploring a Graph

Shading unions and intersections

Finding the points of intersection

Other ways to explore a graph

Storing Data Points

Clearing the INEQX and INEQY lists

Storing points in INEQX and INEQY

Viewing stored data

Solving Linear Programming Problems

Quitting Inequality Graphing

Chapter 13: Graphing Parametric Equations

Changing the Mode

Selecting the Graph Style

Entering Parametric Equations

Setting the Window

Graphing Parametric Equations

Using Zoom to Change the Window

Using Trace to Evaluate a Parametric Equation

Viewing the Table of a Parametric Graph

Taking the Derivative of Parametric Equations

Chapter 14: Graphing Polar Equations

Changing the Mode

Selecting the Graph Style

Entering Polar Equations

Setting the Window

Graphing Polar Equations

Using Zoom to Change the Window

Using Trace to Evaluate a Polar Equation

Viewing the Table of a Polar Graph

Taking the Derivative of Polar Equations

Chapter 15: Graphing Sequences

Changing the Mode

Selecting the Color

Entering Sequences

Setting the Window

Graphing Sequences

Using Trace to Evaluate a Sequence Equation

Viewing the Table of a Sequence Graph

Graphing a Recursive Sequence

Graphing the Fibonacci sequence

Graphing a Web Plot

Graphing a Phase Plot

Graphing Partial Sums of an Infinite Series

Part IV: Working with Probability and Statistics

Chapter 16: Probability

Evaluating Factorials

Permutations and Combinations

Using the Binomial theorem

Generating Random Numbers

Generating random integers

Generating random integers with no repetition

Generating random decimals

Seeding the random number generator

Chapter 17: Dealing with Statistical Data

Entering Data

Deleting and Editing Data

Inserting Data Lists

Using Formulas to Enter Data

Copying and Recalling Data Lists

Sorting Data Lists

Sorting data lists while keeping the rows intact

Chapter 18: Analyzing Statistical Data

Plotting One-Variable Data

Constructing a histogram

Adjusting the class size of a histogram

Constructing a box plot

Plotting Two-Variable Data

Tracing Statistical Data Plots

Analyzing Statistical Data

One-variable data analysis

Two-variable data analysis

Performing regressions

Graphing a regression model

Graphing a residual plot

Using Manual-Fit

Using statistics commands on the Home screen

Part V: Doing More with Your Calculator

Chapter 19: Using the TVM Solver

Calculating Mortgages and Loans

Step 1. Access the TVM Solver

Step 2. Enter values for five of the six TVM variables

Step 3. Solve for the missing TVM variable

Making Compound Interest Work for You

Step 1. Access the TVM Solver

Step 2. Enter values for five of the six TVM variables

Step 3. Solve for the missing TVM variable

Chapter 20: Communicating with a PC Using TI Connect Software

Downloading TI Connect

Installing and Running TI Connect

Connecting Calculator and PC

Transferring Files

Using Device Explorer to transfer files from calculator to computer

Using Send to TI Device to transfer files from computer to calculator

Using the Backup and Restore Tools

Upgrading the OS

Chapter 21: Communicating Between Calculators

Linking Calculators

Transferring Files

Transferring Files to Several Calculators

Chapter 22: Fun with Images

Inserting Photo Images as a Background of a Graph

Using TI Connect Software to Transfer Images

Unit-to-Unit Image Transfer

Using Quick Plot & Fit Equation

Chapter 23: Managing Memory

Checking Available Memory

Deleting and Archiving to Preserve Memory

Resetting the Calculator

Grouping and Ungrouping Programs

Garbage Collecting

Part VI: The Part of Tens

Chapter 24: Ten Essential Skills

Copying and Pasting

Converting a Decimal to a Fraction

Changing the Mode

Accessing Hidden Menus

Entering Imaginary Numbers

Storing a variable

Graphing a Function

Finding the Intersection Point

Graphing a Scatter Plot

Performing a Linear Regression

Chapter 25: Ten Common Errors

Using Instead of to Indicate That a Number Is Negative

Indicating the Order of Operations Incorrectly by Using Parentheses

Improperly Entering the Argument for Menu Functions

Accidentally Deleting a List

Entering an Angle in Degrees in Radian Mode

Graphing Trigonometric Functions in Degree Mode

Graphing Functions When Stat Plots Are Active

Inadequately Setting the Display Contrast

Setting the Window Inappropriately for Graphing

Accidentally Deactivating a Function

Chapter 26: Ten Common Error Messages

ARGUMENT

BAD GUESS

DIMENSION MISMATCH

DOMAIN

INVALID

INVALID DIMENSION

NO SIGN CHANGE

SINGULAR MATRIX

SYNTAX

WINDOW RANGE

Troubleshooting a Calculator that is Not Functioning Properly

Appendix A: Creating Calculator Programs

Creating and saving a program on the calculator

Editing a program on the calculator

Executing a Calculator Program

Deleting a Program from the Calculator

Appendix B: Controlling Program Input and Output

Using Input Commands

Using the Input command

Using the Prompt command

Using Output Commands

Using a program to write text

Using the Disp command

Using the Output command

Using a Program to Display a Graph

Changing the Color and Graph Style of a Function

Changing the Color of Text on a Graph

Housekeeping Issues

Appendix C: Controlling Program Flow

Entering Control Commands in a Program

Using Decision Commands

The If command

The If … Then … End Command

The If … Then … Else … End Command

Using Looping Commands

The While … End command

The Repeat … End Command

The For … End Command

Using Looping Commands

Using the Goto command

Creating a menu

Stopping a Program

Pausing a Program

Executing an External Program as a Subroutine

Index

Cheat Sheet

End User License Agreement

List of Illustrations

Chapter 1

Figure 1-1: Improve­ments to the TI-84 Plus.

Figure 1-2: Battery status icon battery levels.

Figure 1-3: Battery level warning screen.

Figure 1-4: Information screen.

Figure 1-5: Copying and pasting.

Figure 1-6: Submenus of the Math menu.

Figure 1-7: Mode, MathPrint, and Classic screens.

Figure 1-8: Normal, scientific, and engineering notations.

Figure 1-9: Linear regression wizard and Setting the clock.

Figure 1-10: Steps for using the Catalog.

Chapter 2

Figure 2-1: Evaluating arithmetic expressions.

Figure 2-2: Scientific calculator keys.

Figure 2-3: Entering calculations.

Figure 2-4: Powers and roots.

Figure 2-5: Scientific notation.

Figure 2-6: Examples of arithmetic expressions.

Figure 2-7: Order of operations.

Figure 2-8: Using the previous answer.

Figure 2-9: Storing steps.

Figure 2-10: Combining expressions.

Chapter 3

Figure 3-1: Modes of the calculated answer.

Figure 3-2: Converting fractions and decimals.

Figure 3-3: Accessing the FRAC menu.

Figure 3-4: Fraction templates and conversions tools.

Figure 3-5: Entering complex numbers in fractions.

Figure 3-6: Entering complex fractions.

Chapter 4

Figure 4-1: The Equation Solver.

Figure 4-2: Steps for solving an equation in the Equation Solver.

Figure 4-3: Assigning values to variables.

Figure 4-4: Making strategic guesses to find multiple solutions.

Figure 4-5: Defining the bound variable.

Figure 4-6: Using the Solve function.

Figure 4-7: Using the Polynomial Root Finder.

Figure 4-8: Using the Simulta-neous Equation Solver.

Chapter 5

Figure 5-1: Setting the mode.

Figure 5-2: Entering complex numbers.

Figure 5-3: Interpreting strange-looking results.

Figure 5-4: CMPLX menu functions.

Figure 5-5: More CMPLX menu functions.

Chapter 6

Figure 6-1: MATH menu and NUM menu.

Figure 6-2: Accessing Catalog Help from the Math menu.

Figure 6-3: Converting fractions and decimals.

Figure 6-4: Cubes, roots, and function maximums and minimums.

Figure 6-5: Numerical differentiation and integration and other templates.

Figure 6-6: The Math NUM functions.

Figure 6-7: Additional Math NUM functions.

Chapter 7

Figure 7-1: Converting between degrees and radians.

Figure 7-2: Converting from radian to degrees and from degrees to DMS.

Figure 7-3: Entering DMS and overriding the mode.

Figure 7-4: Converting rectangular and polar coordinates.

Figure 7-5: Comparing numbers.

Figure 7-6: Equivalent expressions.

Figure 7-7: Logic commands.

Chapter 8

Figure 8-1: Entering a matrix.

Figure 8-2: Storing a matrix.

Figure 8-3: Matrix arithmetic.

Figure 8-4: The powers and inverses of matrices.

Figure 8-5: The determinant of a matrix and other matrix operations.

Figure 8-6: MATRX MATH menu operations.

Figure 8-7: The coefficient and constant matrices.

Figure 8-8: The A–1 *B method.

Figure 8-9: Augmenting two matrices and storing the result.

Figure 8-10: Finding the reduced row-echelon form.

Figure 8-11: Solving systems of equations that don’t have unique solutions.

Chapter 9

Figure 9-1: Setting the mode and entering functions.

Figure 9-2: Referencing another function in the Y= editor.

Figure 9-3: Grid options in the Format menu.

Figure 9-4: Format menu options.

Figure 9-5: Border color and background in the Format menu.

Figure 9-6: Detect asymptotes in the Format menu.

Figure 9-7: Turning Stat Plot off and on.

Figure 9-8: Select (turn on) and Deselect (turn off) a function.

Figure 9-9: Graphing window.

Figure 9-10: Stopping or pausing your graph.

Figure 9-11: Color and graph line style.

Figure 9-12: Shading above and below curve styles.

Figure 9-13: Path and animated styles.

Figure 9-14: Families of functions.

Figure 9-15: Graphing piecewise functions.

Figure 9-16: Graphing trig functions.

Figure 9-17: Horizontal mode.

Figure 9-18: Saving in Graph Database.

Chapter 10

Figure 10-1: Using Trace.

Figure 10-2: Moving the Trace cursor to a specific x-value.

Figure 10-3: Zoom commands with preset windows.

Figure 10-4: Zoom commands that help you find the appropriate window.

Figure 10-5: Zoom commands that help you readjust the graphing window.

Figure 10-6: Zoom commands that help you zoom in or out.

Figure 10-7: Storing and recalling your favorite graphing window.

Figure 10-8: Automat-ically generating a table.

Figure 10-9: A user-generated table.

Figure 10-10: Editing a function in a table.

Figure 10-11: Clearing a table.

Figure 10-12: A Graph-Table split screen.

Figure 10-13: Moving the cursor between the table and graph.

Chapter 11

Figure 11-1: Using a graph to find a specific x-value of a function.

Figure 11-2: Using your calculator to find a specific x-value of a function.

Figure 11-3: Graphing composed functions.

Figure 11-4: Function composition at a specific x-value.

Figure 11-5: Steps in finding the zero of a function.

Figure 11-6: Steps in finding the maximum value of a function.

Figure 11-7: Steps in finding a point of intersection.

Figure 11-8: Steps in finding the slope at a specified value of x.

Figure 11-9: Steps in evaluating a definite integral.

Figure 11-10: Graphing the derivative to find the critical points.

Figure 11-11: Solving equations by graphing.

Figure 11-12: Draw the inverse of a function.

Chapter 12

Figure 12-1: Graphing a one-variable inequality.

Figure 12-2: Graphing compound inequalities.

Figure 12-3: Starting the Inequality app.

Figure 12-4: The Y= editor when Inequality Graphing is running.

Figure 12-5: Defining inequalities in the Y= editor and changing colors.

Figure 12-6: Defining inequalities in the X= editor.

Figure 12-7: Graphing inequalities.

Figure 12-8: The Inequality Graphing Help screen.

Figure 12-9: Graphing the intersection or regions.

Figure 12-10: Finding points of intersection.

Figure 12-11: Storing points.

Figure 12-12: Viewing lists INEQX and INEQY.

Figure 12-13: Solution to a linear programming problem.

Figure 12-14: Quitting the Inequality app.

Chapter 13

Figure 13-1: Changing the mode to Parametric.

Figure 13-2: Selecting the Graph Style.

Figure 13-3: Entering parametric equations.

Figure 13-4: Setting the window.

Figure 13-5: Graphing parametric equations.

Figure 13-6: Using Zoom.

Figure 13-7: Using Trace to evaluate a parametric equation.

Figure 13-8: Viewing the table of a parametric graph.

Figure 13-9: Finding the derivative of parametric equations.

Chapter 14

Figure 14-1: Polar coordinates.

Figure 14-2: Changing the mode to Polar.

Figure 14-3: Selecting the Graph Style.

Figure 14-4: Entering polar equations.

Figure 14-5: Setting the window.

Figure 14-6: Graphing polar equations.

Figure 14-7: Using Zoom.

Figure 14-8: Using Trace to evaluate a polar equation.

Figure 14-9: Viewing the table of a polar graph.

Figure 14-10: Finding the derivative of polar equations.

Chapter 15

Figure 15-1: Changing the mode to Sequence and Time plot.

Figure 15-2: Selecting the color and line style.

Figure 15-3: Entering sequences.

Figure 15-4: Setting the window.

Figure 15-5: Graphing sequences.

Figure 15-6: Using Trace to evaluate a sequence equation.

Figure 15-7: Viewing the table of a sequence graph.

Figure 15-8: Graphing a recursive sequence.

Figure 15-9: Graphing the Fibonacci sequence.

Figure 15-10: Graphing a web plot.

Figure 15-11: Graphing a phase plot.

Figure 15-12: Graphing partial sums of an infinite series.

Chapter 16

Figure 16-1: Evaluating factorials.

Figure 16-2: Permutations and combinations.

Figure 16-3: Using the Binomial theorem.

Figure 16-4: Generating random integers.

Figure 16-5: Generating random integers with no repeats.

Figure 16-6: Generating random numbers (between 0 and 1).

Figure 16-7: Days between dates and seeding your calculator.

Chapter 17

Figure 17-1: The Stat List editor.

Figure 17-2: Clearing lists.

Figure 17-3: Deleting lists.

Figure 17-4: Steps for inserting a data list.

Figure 17-5: Steps for using a formula to enter data.

Figure 17-6: Steps for copying data from one list to another.

Figure 17-7: Recalling data lists.

Figure 17-8: Sorting data.

Figure 17-9: Sorting data lists while keeping rows intact.

Chapter 18

Figure 18-1: One-variable statistical plots.

Figure 18-2: Constructing a histogram.

Figure 18-3: Constructing a histogram.

Figure 18-4: Steps for defining the class size in a histogram.

Figure 18-5: A box plot with a histogram and with a modified box plot.

Figure 18-6: Two-variable statistical plots.

Figure 18-7: Tracing statistical data plots.

Figure 18-8: Steps for one-variable data analysis.

Figure 18-9: Steps for two-variable data analysis.

Figure 18-10: Performing regression.

Figure 18-11: Graphing a regression model.

Figure 18-12: Graphing a residual plot.

Figure 18-13: Using Manual-Fit.

Figure 18-14: Using statistics commands on the Home screen.

Chapter 19

Figure 19-1: Accessing the TVM Solver.

Figure 19-2: Using the TVM Solver.

Figure 19-3: Using the TVM Solver.

Chapter 20

Figure 20-1: The TI Connect Home screen.

Figure 20-2: The Select TI Device dialog box.

Figure 20-3: Transferring files from your calculator to a computer.

Figure 20-4: Transferring files from a computer to your calculator.

Figure 20-5: Backing up data.

Figure 20-6: The TI Updates dialog box.

Chapter 21

Figure 21-1: Selecting files for transmission between calculators.

Figure 21-2: Selecting and receiving calculator screens.

Figure 21-3: Dealing with duplicate file names.

Figure 21-4: Transferring files to a third calculator.

Chapter 22

Figure 22-1: Inserting images.

Figure 22-2: Using TI Connect software to transfer images.

Figure 22-3: Sending images from unit to unit.

Figure 22-4: Using Quick Plot & Fit Equation.

Figure 22-5: Storing the regression equations and data.

Chapter 23

Figure 23-1: Checking available RAM and archive memory.

Figure 23-2: Archiving, unarchiving, and deleting programs.

Figure 23-3: Resetting your calculator.

Figure 23-4: Creating a group.

Figure 23-5: Creating a group and then ungrouping.

Figure 23-6: Garbage collecting.

Chapter 25

Figure 25-1: Accessing the built-in Catalog Help feature.

Figure 25-2: Restoring a list using the SetUpEditor Command.

Figure 25-3: Turning off stat plots.

Figure 25-4: Activating a deactivated function.

Appendix A

Figure A-1: The steps for creating a program.

Figure A-2: Executing a program.

Appendix B

Figure B-1: The Program I/O menu.

Figure B-2: Using the Input command.

Figure B-3: Using the Prompt command.

Figure B-4: Limiting text items to 26 characters.

Figure B-5: Using the Disp command.

Figure B-6: Using the Output command.

Figure B-7: Using the ZStandard command to display a graph.

Figure B-8: Changing the color and graph style of a graph.

Figure B-9: Changing the color of text and the result.

Figure B-10: The consequence of not clearing the Home screen.

Figure B-11: Using the CLRHOME program to clear the Home screen.

Appendix C

Figure C-1: The Program Control menu.

Figure C-2: Using the If command.

Figure C-3: Using the If … Then … End command.

Figure C-4: Using the If … Then … Else … End command.

Figure C-5: Using the While … End and Repeat … End commands.

Figure C-6: Using the For … End command.

Figure C-7: Using the Goto command to execute a subroutine.

Figure C-8: Using the Goto command to terminate a program.

Figure C-9: A terminating menu-driven program.

Figure C-10: A menu-driven program that returns the user to the menu.

Figure C-11: A paused program.

Figure C-12: Using the Return command in a called program.

Guide

Cover

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TI-84 Plus Graphing Calculator For Dummies®, 2nd Edition

Published byJohn Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774

www.wiley.com

Copyright © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey

Published simultaneously in Canada

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ISBN 978-1-118-59215-1 (pbk); ISBN 978-1-118-59288-5 (ebk); ISBN 978-1-118-59289-2 (ebk); ISBN 978-1-118-59280-9 (ebk)

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About the Authors

Jeff McCalla is currently teaching mathematics and coaching the golf team at St. Mary’s Episcopal School in Memphis, TN. Jeff holds a Bachelor’s Degree in Christian Education with a minor in mathematics from Wheaton College and a Master of Arts in Teaching degree from the University of Memphis. Jeff is the co-founder of the TI-Nspire SuperUser group, dedicated to providing advanced training from the world’s foremost experts. In addition, he enjoys traveling the country, training teachers as an instructor for Texas Instruments T3 Program. Jeff also wrote TI-Nspire For Dummies. A highlight for Jeff was receiving the Presidential Award for Excellence in Science & Mathematics Teaching and with it, the opportunity to meet both President Obama and Secretary of Education, Arne Duncan. When he is not meeting important dignitaries, Jeff enjoys going to ballgames with his boys, playing golf and tennis, eating Chick-fil-A, reading Malcolm Gladwell and John Wooden, getting free stuff, teaching Sunday school, and making his wife smile.

C. C. Edwards has a Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, and is currently teaching mathematics on the undergraduate and graduate levels. She has been using technology in the classroom since before Texas Instruments came out with their first graphing calculator, and she frequently gives workshops at national and international conferences on using technology in the classroom. She has written forty activities for Texas Instrument’s Explorations web site, and she was an editor of Eightysomething, a newsletter formerly published by Texas Instruments. She is also the author of TI-83 Plus Graphing Calculator For Dummies.

Just barely five feet tall, CC, as her friends call her, has three goals in life: to be six inches taller, to have naturally curly hair, and to be independently wealthy. As yet, she is nowhere close to meeting any of these goals. When she retires, she plans to become an old lady carpenter.

Dedication

This book is dedicated to my parents, Bud & Elaine McCalla, whose passion for mathematics rubbed off on me. I am most thankful for them not tossing me to the curb when I went through my annoying middle school years.

Author’s Acknowledgments

I could not have written this book without the help and support of the people at Wiley. First and foremost, I want to thank my project editor, Blair Pottenger, whose expertise was indispensable in the writing process. I also want to thank my acquisitions editor, Amy Fandrei, for keeping me to a tight schedule and helping me with the content and outline of the book. It is my pleasure to thank Debbye Butler for her thoroughness and copy edit. Additionally, I want to thank Fred Decovsky, Ed. D., for verifying the mathematical and technical accuracy of this book.

I certainly want to thank my friends at Texas Instruments for their ongoing support. The leadership of Gayle Mujica, Charlyne Young, and Kevin Spry has helped make this project possible. In particular, Margo Mankus has come through for me every time I had questions about the new features on the TI-84 C. And, Lydia Neher for always keeping me up to date on the most recent OS changes. Of course, I want to thank Tonya Hancock for her role in fueling my calculator addiction.

Fellow T3 instructors have assisted me with their help when called upon. Jennifer Wilson’s help has been instrumental in the writing of this book. Her eye for detail and general grammar mastery continue to amaze me. I want to thank Jill Gough, who constantly challenges my thinking about teaching. Bryson Perry’s technical expertise has been an invaluable resource.

On the home front, I wish to thank my teaching colleagues, Orion Miller, Sandra Halfacre, and Chrystal Hogan, who were nice resources when I had questions. I need to thank the administration at my school, Albert Throckmorton and Patti Ray, for their leadership and for allowing me to pursue my writing. I also want to thank my wife Shannon and my three boys, Matt, Josh, and Caleb, for putting up with me during the writing process. Finally, I want to thank the students I teach at St. Mary’s Episcopal School, who are the inspiration for much of what I do.

Publisher’s Acknowledgments

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Some of the people who helped bring this book to market include the following:

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Debbie Stailey, Director of Composition Services

Introduction

Do you know how to use the TI-84 Plus or TI-84 Plus C family of calculators to do each of the following?

Access hidden shortcut menus

Graph functions, inequalities, or transformations of functions

Copy and paste expressions

Insert an image as the background of a graph (TI-84 Plus C)

Write calculator programs

Transfer files between two or more calculators

Create stat plots and analyze statistical data

Graph scatter plots, parametric equations, polar equations, and sequences

If not, then this is the book for you. Contained within these pages are straightforward, easy-to-follow directions that show you how to do everything listed here — and much, much more.

About This Book

The TI-84 Plus calculator is capable of doing a lot of things, and this book shows you how to utilize its full potential.

It covers more than just the basics of using the calculator, paying special attention to warn you of the problems that you could encounter if you know only the basics of using the calculator.

This is a reference book. It’s process-driven, not application-driven. You won’t be given a problem to solve and then be told how to use the calculator to solve that particular problem. Instead, you’re given the steps needed to get the calculator to perform a particular task, such as constructing a histogram or graphing a scatter plot.

Conventions Used in This Book

When I refer to “your calculator,” I am referring to the TI-84 Plus and TI-84 Plus C family of calculators because the keystrokes on these calculators are almost the same. When I want you to press a key on the calculator, I use an icon for that key. For example, if I want you to press the ENTER key, I say press . If I want you to press a series of keys, such as the Stat key and then the right-arrow key, I say (for example) press . All keys on the calculator are pressed one at a time — there is no such thing as holding down one key while you press another key.

It’s tricky enough to get familiar with the location of the keys on the calculator, and even more of a challenge to remember the location of the secondary functions, such as the blue functions that appear above the key. So when I want you to access one of those functions, I give you the actual keystrokes. For example, if I want you to access the Angle menu, I tell you to press . This is a simpler method than that of the manual that came with your calculator — which would say press and then make you hunt for the location of the secondary function ANGLE. The same principle holds for using key combinations to enter specific characters; for example, I tell you to press to enter a space.

When I want you to use the arrow keys, but not in any specific order, I say press the keys or use the arrow keys. If I want you to use only the up- and down-arrow keys, I say press .

All of the screenshots in this book were taken using the TI-84 Plus C calculator. Of course, you will only be able to see color screenshots in the color insert pages.

What You’re Not to Read

The items that follow a Technical Stuff icon are designed for the curious reader who wants to know — but doesn’t really need to know — why something happens.

Sidebars provide optional reading that you may find interesting. Feel free to skip reading the sidebars if you want since they will not contain crucial information related to your understanding of the topic. The sidebars are strategically placed, ‘extras’ that could only enhance your learning.

Foolish Assumptions

My nonfoolish assumption is that you know (in effect) nothing about using the calculator, or you wouldn’t be reading this book. My foolish assumptions are as follows:

You own, or have access to, one of the TI-84 Plus or TI-84 Plus C family of calculators.

If you want to transfer files between your calculator and your computer, I assume that you have a computer and know the basics of how to operate it.

How This Book Is Organized

The parts of this book are organized by tasks that you would like to have the calculator perform.

Part I: Making Friends with the Calculator

This part describes the basics of using the calculator. It addresses such tasks as adjusting the contrast and getting the calculator to perform basic arithmetic operations. It also explains how to deal with fractions and how to solve equations.

Part II: Taking Your Calculator Relationship to the Next Level

This part shows you how to enter and evaluate complex numbers. It also introduces you to some of the most useful menus for solving problems. Everything from the basics of converting fractions and decimals to entering and storing matrices is covered in this part.

Part III: Graphing and Analyzing Functions

In this part, think visual. Part III shows you how to graph and analyze functions, inequalities, and transformations of functions. It even explains how to create a table for the graph, inequality, or transformation. In addition, you learn to graph parametric equations, polar equations, and sequences.

Part IV: Working with Probability and Statistics

It’s highly probable that Part IV will show you not only how to deal with probability and statistics, but also how to enter data in lists and perform regressions. Learn to seed a random number in your calculator so you can amaze your friends by predicting randomly generated numbers. As a bonus, you learn to use the binomial theorem to expand expressions.

Part V: Doing More with Your Calculator

Part V describes how you can save calculator files on a computer and how you can transfer files from one calculator to another. Find out how to use TI-Connect software to transfer a color photo image from the computer to a graph on your calculator. This part also shows you how to use the Finance app to make the power of compound interest work for you. You also learn to archive and group files in order to manage the memory on your calculator and avoid common errors.

Part VI: The Part of Tens

Part VI contains a ton of useful information packaged nicely in groups of ten. Learn to use the essential skills that you need to succeed in the classroom. This part also describes the most common errors and error messages that you may encounter.

Icons Used in This Book

This book uses four icons to help you along the way. Here’s what they are and what they mean:

The text following this icon tells you about shortcuts and other ways of enhancing your use of the calculator.

The text following this icon tells you something you should remember because if you don’t, it may cause you problems later. Usually the Remember icon highlights a reminder to enter the appropriate type of number so you can avoid an error message.

There is no such thing as crashing the calculator. But this icon warns you of those few times when you can do something wrong on the calculator and be totally baffled because the calculator is giving you confusing feedback — either no error message or a cryptic error message that doesn’t really tell you the true location of the problem.

This is the stuff you don’t need to read unless you’re really curious.

Where to Go from Here

This book is designed so you do not have to read it from cover to cover. You don’t even have to start reading at the beginning of a chapter. When you want to know how to get the calculator to do something, just start reading at the beginning of the appropriate section. The Index and Table of Contents should help you find whatever you’re looking for. And for your first tip on where to find other information:

You can find an additional topic — doing geometry using Cabri Jr. — on the official Dummies website. To check it out, visit www.dummies.com/go/ti84 and then click on the Downloads tab.

Part I

Making Friends with the Calculator

Visit www.dummies.com for great Dummies content online.

In this part …

Get familiar with the basics of your calculator — from turning it on and using menus to changing the mode and accessing the catalog.

Find out how to enter and evaluate expressions, store variables, and work in scientific notation.

Learn to access the fraction templates in the shortcut menu as well as how to convert decimals to fractions.

See how to use the equation solver to make strategic guesses in order to solve equations.

Discover how you can use the PlySmlt2 app to find the roots of a polynomial and solve a system of equations.

Chapter 1

Starting with the Basics

In This Chapter

Turning the calculator on and off

Using the keyboard

Utilizing the menus

Setting the mode of the calculator

Using the Catalog

The most popular calculator in the world just got a makeover! In this book, you find out how to take advantage of the improvements that have been made to the TI-84 Plus, as well as all of the built-in functionality that has not changed. The best way to use your calculator to the fullest is to read this book and start playing with the device.

The TI-84 Plus C Silver Edition graphing calculator is loaded with many useful features. With it, you can solve equations of all types. You can graph and investigate functions, parametric equations, polar equations, and sequences. You can use it to analyze statistical data and to manipulate matrices. You can even use it to calculate mortgage payments.

What if you own the TI-84 Plus and not the TI-84 Plus C? No worries! The vast majority of the steps will be exactly the same for both calculators. You’ll see a difference in the appearance of the graph screen — the TI-84 Plus C has a higher resolution color screen. If you own the TI-84 Plus, ignore any steps referencing color and skip Chapter 22 (about inserting color images) altogether.

If you’ve never used a graphing calculator before, you may at first find it a bit intimidating. After all, it contains about two dozen menus, many of which contain three or four submenus. But it’s really not that hard to get used to using the calculator. After you get familiar with what the calculator is capable of doing, finding the menu that houses the command you need is quite easy. And you have this book to help you along the way.

Why Didn’t I Think of That?

You may have the same reaction that I did to some of the changes that have been made to the calculator: “Why didn’t I think of that?” It’s possible that you did actually! Many of the changes to the TI-84 Plus are a direct result of feedback received from teachers and students. After all, Texas Instruments is committed to providing the best tools for the teaching and learning of mathematics and science.

What does the C stand for in TI-84 Plus C? Color! Say goodbye to having trouble distinguishing functions when you’re graphing more than one function on the same screen. Although some of the improvements are subtle, you’ll notice others the first time you pick up your new calculator. Here’s a small sampling of the changes:

New menu options:

I love that all additional menu options have been strategically placed at the end of menus. For example, a new option in the Stat CALC menu, QuickPlot & Fit–EQ as illustrated in the first screen in

Figure 1-1

. Have you memorized keystrokes, like for ZStandard? No problem! The functionality you know hasn’t changed.

Status Bar:

A quick glance at the top of your screen informs you of the mode settings (like Radian or Degree) as well as a battery status icon. See the top of any of the screens in

Figure 1-1

. The Status Bar is always there whether you’re working on the current line of the Home screen, graph, or table!

Higher resolution LCD backlit screen:

Not quite HD quality, but the new screen has more than seven times as many graph area pixels as the original (266

×

166 versus 96

×

64)! Plus, you can work on problems at night on a screen that’s backlit.

Border on graph screen:

Helpful info like function names and coordinates of intersection points are kept separate from the graph, as shown in the second screen in

Figure 1-1

. Whoever thought of this is brilliant!

Table enhancements:

Separator lines and color-coded lists (matching the functions) are more pleasing to the eye. Built-in tips called Context Help are located at the top of the screen, including hints like Press + for ∆Tbl. Check out the new table look in the third screen in

Figure 1-1

.

Think you’ve seen it all? Not even close. I explain these improvements and much more — just keep reading.

Figure 1-1: Improve­ments to the TI-84 Plus.

Charging the Battery

The TI-84 Plus C uses a Li–ion battery, similar to the one in your cellphone, that holds a charge for up to two weeks. Texas Instruments (TI) recommends charging your battery for at least four hours for peak performance. On the right side of your calculator, an LED light lights up during the recharging process. An amber color indicates your calculator is charging, and a green color indicates your calculator is fully charged. There are three ways to recharge your calculator battery:

The TI-84 Plus does not have a rechargeable battery. You must open the back panel and insert four new AAA batteries.

TI Wall Adapter:

Simply plug in the adapter that came bundled with your calculator.

USB computer cable:

Use the USB computer cable that came with your calculator and a computer to charge your calculator. Plug the USB hub into the computer and plug the mini-USB hub into your calculator.

Your computer may not recognize the USB computer cable you are using to charge your calculator. If this happens, download TI-Connect software from http://education.ti.com. For more details on downloading and installing TI-Connect, see Chapter 20.

TI-84 C Charging Station:

If your classroom has one of these, simply place your calculator in one of the slots of the charging station.

In the top-right part of the screen, a battery status icon indicates the battery level. There are four different battery levels plus a charging icon, as shown in Figure 1-2.

Figure 1-2: Battery status icon battery levels.

If your battery loses its charge, the RAM memory on your calculator may be cleared. If you have programs or data that you don’t want to lose, back up your calculator (see Chapter 23 for more details). Your calculator gives you a warning message, as shown in Figure 1-3.

Figure 1-3: Battery level warning screen.

Turning the Calculator On and Off

Press to turn the calculator on. To turn the calculator off, press and then press . These keys are in the left column of the keyboard. The key is at the bottom of the column, and the key is the second key from the top of this column.

To prolong the life of the batteries, the calculator automatically turns itself off after five minutes of inactivity. But don’t worry — when you press , all your work will appear on the calculator just as you left it before the calculator turned itself off.

The first time you turn on your calculator, you’re greeted by an information screen, as shown in Figure 1-4. A few helpful reminders are displayed on the information screen. If you want to see this screen the next time you turn on your calculator, press . Otherwise, press or .

Figure 1-4: Information screen.

In some types of light, the screen can be hard to see. To increase the contrast, press and release and then hold down