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- Herausgeber: Packt Publishing
- Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
- Sprache: Englisch
As one of the more versatile programming languages, Python is well-known for its batteries-included philosophy, which includes a rich set of modules in its standard library; Tkinter is the library included for building desktop applications. Due to this, Tkinter is a common choice for rapid GUI development, and more complex applications can benefit from the full capabilities of this library. This book covers all of your Tkinter and Python GUI development problems and solutions.
Tkinter GUI Application Development Cookbook starts with an overview of Tkinter classes and at the same time provides recipes for basic topics, such as layout patterns and event handling. Next, we cover how to develop common GUI patterns, such as entering and saving data, navigating through menus and dialogs, and performing long-running actions in the background.You can then make your apps leverage network resources effectively and perform graphical operations on a canvas and related tasks such as detecting collisions between items. Finally, this book covers using themed widgets, an extension of Tk widgets that have a more native look and feel. Finally, this book covers using the canvas and themed widgets.
By the end of the book, you will have an in-depth knowledge of Tkinter classes, and will know how to use them to build efficient and rich GUI applications.
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Seitenzahl: 202
Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2018
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Tkinter GUI Application Development Cookbook
Copyright © 2018 Packt Publishing
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews.
Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the author, nor Packt Publishing or its dealers and distributors, will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to have been caused directly or indirectly by this book.
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Commissioning Editor: Amarabha BanerjeeAcquisition Editor:Reshma RamanContent Development Editor: Jason PereiraTechnical Editor: Prajakta MhatreCopy Editor: Dhanya BaburajProject Coordinator:Sheejal ShahProofreader: Safis EditingIndexer: Rekha NairProduction Coordinator: Deepika Naik
First published: March 2018 Production reference: 1270318
Published by Packt Publishing Ltd. Livery Place 35 Livery Street Birmingham B3 2PB, UK.
ISBN 978-1-78862-230-1
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I dedicate my work to my aunt, Elena, and my cousins, Julia and Laura. This book would not have been possible without their love and support.
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Contributors
About the author
Alejandro Rodas de Paz is a computer engineer from Seville, Spain. He has developed several projects with Python, from web crawlers to artificial intelligence algorithms. He has also used Tkinter for building an application for the lighting system of the city of Almere (Netherlands).
Prior to this publication, Alejandro co-wrote Packt's title Python Game Development by Example, and collaborated as a technical reviewer on the book Tkinter GUI Application Development Hotshot.
About the reviewers
Javier Becerra Elcintoreceived his PhD in image processing from theUniversité de Bordeaux in 2006. In 2010 he started working as a self-employed developer working with Python and C++, and in 2014 he cofounded Panoimagen S.L. There, he has continued to develop software for industrial and precision agriculture applications. Javier lectures regularly on scientific programming in private companies and several Spanish research institutions.
Marcos Perez Gonzalez works in the treatment of multimedia document databases with Python. Previously, he had been using it as glue between projects and technologies for more than 10 years. At the beginning of his career, he used Python for embedding purposes and multiplatform GUI programming.
He is a member of the Python Spain association and the Python Madrid meetup. Moreover, he has been a member of the board of directors of the Spanish Association of Computer Engineering.
He holds a master's degree in computer engineering from the University of Valladolid.
Bryson Tyrrell is a systems development engineer at Jamf in Minneapolis, Minnesota. In addition to the responsibilities of his role, Bryson has spoken at various IT conferences (including the Jamf Nation User Conference, Penn State MacAdmins, Mac Admins and Developers UK, and Atlassian Summit) and maintains a number of open source tools for the Mac admin community on his GitHub account.
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Table of Contents
Title Page
Copyright and Credits
Tkinter GUI Application Development Cookbook
Dedication
Packt Upsell
Why subscribe?
PacktPub.com
Contributors
About the author
About the reviewers
Packt is searching for authors like you
Preface
Who this book is for
What this book covers
To get the most out of this book
Download the example code files
Download the color images
Conventions used
Get in touch
Reviews
Getting Started with Tkinter
Introduction
Structuring a Tkinter application
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
Working with buttons
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
Creating text entries
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
See also
Tracing text changes
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
See also
Validating a text entry
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
See also
Selecting numerical values
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
See also
Creating selections with radio buttons
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
Implementing switches with checkboxes
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
See also
Displaying a list of items
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
See also
Handling mouse and keyboard events
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
See also
Setting the main window's icon, title, and size
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
Window Layout
Introduction
Grouping widgets with frames
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
See also
Using the Pack geometry manager
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
See also
Using the Grid geometry manager
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
See also
Using the Place geometry manager
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
See also
Grouping inputs with the LabelFrame widget
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
Dynamically laying out widgets
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
Creating horizontal and vertical scrollbars
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
See also
Customizing Widgets
Introduction
Working with colors
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
Setting widget fonts
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
See also
Using the options database
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
See also
Changing the cursor icon
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
Introducing the Text widget
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
Adding tags to the Text widget
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
See also
Dialogs and Menus
Introduction
Showing alert dialogs
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
Asking for user confirmation
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
Choosing files and directories
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
Saving data into a file
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
See also
Creating a menu bar
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
Using variables in menus
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
Displaying context menus
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
Opening a secondary window
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
Handling window deletion
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
Passing variables between windows
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
Object-Oriented Programming and MVC
Introduction
Structuring our data with a class
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
Composing widgets to display information
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
Reading records from a CSV file
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
Persisting data into a SQLite database
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
See also
Refactoring using the MVC pattern
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
Asynchronous Programming
Introduction
Scheduling actions
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
See also
Running methods on threads
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
Thread methods - start, run, and join
Parameterizing the target method
Performing HTTP requests
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
See also
Connecting threads with a progress bar
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
See also
Canceling scheduled actions
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
Handling idle tasks
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
Spawning separate processes
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
Canvas and Graphics
Introduction
Understanding the coordinate system
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
Drawing lines and arrows
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
Writing text on a canvas
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
Placing the text by its upper-left corner
Setting line wrapping
Adding shapes to the canvas
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
See also
Finding items by their position
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
Moving canvas items
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
See also
Detecting collisions between items
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
Deleting items from a canvas
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
Binding events to canvas items
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
See also
Rendering a canvas into a PostScript file
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
Themed Widgets
Introduction
Replacing basic widget classes
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
See also
Creating an editable drop-down with Combobox
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
Using the Treeview widget
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
Using tags in Treeview items
See also
Populating nested items in a Treeview
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
Displaying tabbable panes with Notebook
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
There's more...
Applying Ttk styling
How to do it...
How it works...
Creating a datepicker widget
Getting ready
How to do it...
How it works...
See also
Other Books You May Enjoy
Leave a review - let other readers know what you think
Preface
As one of the more versatile programming languages, Python is well known for its batteries-included philosophy, which includes a rich set of modules in its standard library; Tkinter is the library used to build desktop applications. Built over the Tk GUI toolkit, Tkinter is a common choice for rapid GUI development, and complex applications can benefit from the full capabilities of this library. This book covers all of your Tkinter and Python GUI development problems and solutions.Tkinter GUI Application Development Cookbook starts with an overview of Tkinter classes and at the same time provides recipes for basic topics, such as layout patterns and event handling. Next, this book covers how to develop common GUI patterns, such as entering and saving data, navigating through menus and dialogs, and performing long-running actions in the background. You can then make your apps leverage network resources effectively and perform graphical operations on a canvas and related tasks such as detecting collisions between items. Finally, this book covers using themed widgets, an extension of Tk widgets that have a more native look and feel. By the end of the book, you will have an in-depth knowledge of Tkinter classes and know how to use them to build efficient and rich GUI applications.
Who this book is for
This book targets Python developers who are familiar with the basics of the language—syntax, data structures, and OOP—wants to learn effective solutions to the common challenges of GUI development, and desires to discover interesting capabilities that Tkinter can offer to build complex applications.
You do not need previous experience with Tkinter or other GUI development libraries since the first part of the book will teach the basics of the library through the introductory use cases.
What this book covers
Chapter 1, Getting Started with Tkinter, introduces the structure of a Tkinter program and shows you how to perform the most common tasks, such as creating widgets and handling user events.
Chapter 2, Window Layout, demonstrates how to place widgets using geometry managers and improve the layout of large applications.
Chapter 3, Customizing Widgets, dives deeper into Tkinter's widget configuration and appearance customization.
Chapter 4, Dialogs and Menus, teaches you how to improve the navigation of Tkinter apps with menus and dialogs.
Chapter 5, Object-Oriented Programming and MVC, teaches you how to effectively apply design patterns in your Tkinter applications.
Chapter 6, Asynchronous Programming, covers several recipes to execute long-running actions without freezing the application—a recurring problem in GUI development.
Chapter 7, Canvas and Graphics, explores the Canvas widget and the types of items you can add to the canvas and how to manipulate them.
Chapter 8, Themed Widgets, teaches you how to extend Tkinter applications with the Tk-themed widget set.
To get the most out of this book
To get up and running, users will need to have the following technologies installed:
Python 3.x
Any operating system
Download the example code files
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Download the color images
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Getting Started with Tkinter
In this chapter, we will cover the following recipes:
Structuring a Tkinter application
Working with buttons
Creating text entries
Tracing text changes
Validating a text entry
Selecting numerical values
Creating selections with radio buttons
Implementing switches with checkboxes
Displaying a list of items
Handling mouse and keyboard events
Setting the main window's icon, title, and size
Introduction
Thanks to its clear syntax and the wide ecosystem of libraries and tools, Python has become a popular and general-purpose programming language. From web development to Natural Language Processing (NLP), you can easily find an open source library that fits the need of your application domain, and in the last instance, you can always use any of the modules included in the Python standard library.
The standard library follows the "batteries-included" philosophy, which means that it contains a large collection of utilities: regular expressions, mathematical functions, networking, and so on. The standard Graphical User Interface (GUI) package of this library is Tkinter, a thin object-oriented layer on top of Tcl/Tk.
Starting from Python 3, the Tkinter module was renamed to tkinter (with a lowercase t). It also affects to the tkinter.ttk and tkinter.tix extensions. We will dive into the tkinter.ttk module in the last chapter of this book, since the tkinter.tix module is officially deprecated.
In this chapter, we will explore several patterns for some basic classes of the tkinter module and some methods that are common to all widget subclasses.
Structuring a Tkinter application
One of the main advantages of making applications with Tkinter is that it is very easy to set up a basic GUI with a script of a few lines. As the programs get more complex, it becomes more difficult to separate logically each part, so an organized structure will help us to keep our code clean.
How it works...
First, we replaced the wildcard import with the import ... as syntax to have better control over our global namespace.
Then, we defined our App
