Tools in Fluvial Geomorphology E-Book

G. Mathias Kondolf

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Serie: Advancing River Restoration and Management
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 1976

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2016

Beschreibung

Fluvial Geomorphology studies the biophysical processes acting in rivers, and the sediment patterns and landforms resulting from them. It is a discipline of synthesis, with roots in geology, geography, and river engineering, and with strong interactions with allied fields such as ecology, engineering and landscape architecture.  This book comprehensively reviews tools used in fluvial geomorphology, at a level suitable to guide the selection of research methods for a given question. Presenting an integrated approach to the interdisciplinary nature of the subject, it provides guidance for researchers and professionals on the tools available to answer questions on river restoration and management.  

Thoroughly updated since the first edition in 2003 by experts in their subfields, the book presents state-of-the-art tools that have revolutionized fluvial geomorphology in recent decades, such as physical and numerical modelling, remote sensing and GIS, new field techniques, advances in dating, tracking and sourcing, statistical approaches as well as more traditional methods such as the systems framework, stratigraphic analysis, form and flow characterisation and historical analysis.   

This book:

• Covers five main types of geomorphological questions and their associated tools: historical framework; spatial framework; chemical, physical and biological methods; analysis of processes and forms; and future understanding framework.
• Provides guidance on advantages and limitations of different tools for different applications, data sources, equipment and supplies needed, and case studies illustrating their application in an integrated perspective.

It is an essential resource for researchers and professional geomorphologists, hydrologists, geologists, engineers, planners, and ecologists concerned with river management, conservation and restoration. It is a useful supplementary textbook for upper level undergraduate and graduate courses in Geography, Geology, Environmental Science, Civil and Environmental Engineering, and interdisciplinary courses in river management and restoration.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Cover

Title Page

Copyright

List of contributors

Series Foreword

Advancing River Restoration and Management

Preface to the Second Edition

Section I: Background

Chapter 1: Tools in fluvial geomorphology: problem statement and recent practice

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Tools and fluvial geomorphology: the terms

1.3 What is a tool in fluvial geomorphology?

1.4 Overview and trends of tools used in the field

1.5 Scope and organization of this book

Acknowledgements

References

Section II: The Temporal Framework: Dating and Assessing Geomorphological Trends

Chapter 2: Surficial geological tools in fluvial geomorphology

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Overview of surficial geological approaches

2.3 Applications of surficial geological approaches to geomorphic interpretation

2.4 Summary and conclusions

References

Chapter 3: Archaeology and human artefacts

3.1 Introduction

3.2 General considerations in using archaeological evidence in geomorphology

3.3 Archaeological tools

3.4 Legacy sediment

3.5 Using archaeological data: case studies

3.6 Conclusions

References

Chapter 4: Using historical data in fluvial geomorphology

4.1 Introduction

4.2 The documentary record

4.3 The cartographic record

4.4 The topographic record

4.5 The modern historical record: remote-sensing

4.6 Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

Section III: The Spatial Framework: Emphasizing Spatial Structure and Nested Character of Fluvial Forms

Chapter 5: System approaches in fluvial geomorphology

5.1 System, fluvial system, hydrosystem

5.2 Components of the fluvial system

5.3 Fluvial system, a conceptual tool for geomorphologists

5.4 Examples of applications

5.5 Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter 6: Analysis of remotely sensed data for fluvial geomorphology and river science

6.1 Introduction

6.2 The physical basis

6.3 River geomorphology and in-channel processes

6.4 Floodplain geomorphology and fluvial processes

6.5 Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter 7: Geomorphic classification of rivers and streams

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Classifications for fluvial understanding

7.3 Interactions between geomorphic classifications and ecology

7.4 Geomorphic classification and quality of river environments

7.5 Applying geomorphic classification schemes to fluvial systems

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter 8: Modelling catchment processes

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Approaches to catchment processes modelling

8.3 Conceptual models

8.4 Problem-centred interpretative models

8.5 Data-driven empirical models

8.6 Numerical models

8.7 Tools for developing a catchment process model: representation and accuracy considerations

8.8 Prospect

Acknowledgements

References

Section IV: Chemical, Physical and Biological Evidence: Dating, Emphasizing Spatial Structure and Fluvial Processes

Chapter 9: Using environmental radionuclides, mineral magnetism and sediment geochemistry for tracing and dating fine fluvial sediments

9.1 Introduction

9.2 The tools

9.3 Applications

9.4 Case study

9.5 The prospect

References

Chapter 10: Vegetation as a tool in the interpretation of fluvial geomorphic processes and landforms

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Scientific background: plant ecological–fluvial geomorphic relations

10.3 Vegetation as a tool: an overview

10.4 Dendrogeomorphology in fluvial systems

10.5 Description of fluvial landforms through vegetation

10.6 Communities as an indicator of disturbance regime

10.7 Conclusions

References

Section V: Analysis of Processes and Forms: Water and Sediment Interactions

Chapter 11: Channel form and adjustment: characterization, measurement, interpretation and analysis

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Characterization and measurement

11.3 Interpretation and analysis

11.4 Conclusions

References

Chapter 12: Flow measurement and characterization

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Velocity measurement

12.3 Discharge measurements

12.4 Indirect methods of discharge estimation

12.5 Flow hydrographs and analysis of flow records

12.6 Issues in selecting methods

12.7 Conclusion

References

Chapter 13: Measuring bed sediment

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Attributes and reporting of sediment size distributions

13.3 Particle shape and roundness

13.4 Surface versus subsurface layers in gravel bed rivers

13.5 Sampling sand and finer grained sediment

13.6 Sampling and describing the surface of gravel beds

13.7 Subsurface sampling methods

13.8 Sample size requirements

13.9 Comparability of pebble counts and bulk samples

13.10 Sampling strategy

13.11 Applications of bed sediment sampling related to aquatic habitat

13.12 Case study: determining changes in fine sediment content during flushing flows, Trinity River, California

13.13 Case study: application of

V*

to French and Bear Creeks, California

13.14 Conclusion: selecting an appropriate sampling method

Acknowledgement

References

Chapter 14: Coarse particle tracing in fluvial geomorphology

14.1 Introduction

14.3 Tracing methods

14.5 Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter 15: Sediment transport

15.1 Introduction

15.2 Basic concepts

15.3 Suspended load sampling and monitoring

15.4 Bedload sampling, measurement and prediction

15.5 Total load

15.6 Estimating sediment yields from reservoir sedimentation

15.7 Key points for designing a sediment measurement programme – a summary

15.8 Case example: sediment budget for Upper Clutha River, New Zealand

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter 16: Sediment budgets as an organizing framework in fluvial geomorphology

16.1 Introduction

16.3 Designing a sediment budget

16.4 Examples

16.5 Conclusions

References

Section VI: Discriminating, Simulating and Modelling Processes and Trends

Chapter 17: Models in fluvial geomorphology

17.1 Introduction

17.2 Conceptual models

17.3 Statistical models

17.4 Analytical models

17.5 Numerical models

17.6 Use of remote sensing and GIS in fluvial geomorphological modelling

17.7 Physical models

17.8 Overview of the modelling process

17.9 Modelling applications in fluvial geomorphology

17.10 Generic framework for fluvial geomorphological modelling applications

17.11 Case study: meander dynamics

17.12 Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter 18: Modelling flow, sediment transport and morphodynamics in rivers

18.1 Introduction

18.2 Flow conservation laws

18.3 Sediment-transport relations

18.4 Numerical methods

18.5 One-dimensional models

18.6 Two-dimensional models

18.7 Three-dimensional models

18.8 Bank evolution models

18.9 Bedform models

18.10 Practical considerations

18.11 Conclusions and future directions

References

Chapter 19: Modelling fluvial morphodynamics

19.1 Introduction

19.2 Modelling longitudinal profiles

19.3 Modelling hydraulic geometry of rivers

19.4 Modelling channel planforms

19.5 Modelling floodplain sedimentation and erosion

19.7 Conclusion

References

Chapter 20: Experimental studies and practical challenges in fluvial geomorphology

20.1 Introduction

20.2 Experimental methods and facilities

20.3 Example experimental studies

20.4 Scaling issues and application of experimental results

20.5 Additional areas for experimentation

20.6 Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter 21: Statistics and fluvial geomorphology

21.1 Introduction

21.2 Bivariate statistics to explore patterns of forms and their drivers

21.3 Exploration of datasets using multivariate statistics

21.4 Describing, explaining and predicting through probabilities and distributions

21.5 Describing, explaining and predicting variables in space and time

21.6 Relevance and limitations of statistical tools

21.7 Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

Section VII: Conclusion: Applying the Tools

Chapter 22: Integrating geomorphological tools to address practical problems in river management and restoration

22.1 Introduction

22.2 Motivations for applying fluvial geomorphology

22.3 Meeting the demand: geomorphological training and application

22.4 The role of geomorphology in planning and management

22.5 Current geomorphological practices

22.6 Case study: preventing erosion risks, from top-down to bottom-up approaches

22.7 Case study: pre-appraisal approach for sediment reintroduction in the Rhine: evaluating risks of restoring processes

22.8 Case study: the River Wylye: a post-project monitoring framework to establish the performance of a range of rehabilitation schemes

22.9 Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

Index

End User License Agreement

Pages

xi

xii

xiii

xv

xvii

1

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33