Wave and Tidal Energy E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 1368

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2018

Beschreibung

A comprehensive text covering all aspects of wave and tidal energy

Wave and Tidal Energy provides a comprehensive and self-contained review of the developing marine renewable energy sector, drawing from the latest research and from the experience of device testing. The book has a twofold objective: to provide an overview of wave and tidal energy suitable for newcomers to the field and to serve as a reference text for advanced study and practice.

Including detail on key issues such as resource characterisation, wave and tidal technology, power systems, numerical and physical modelling, environmental impact and policy. The book also includes an up-to-date review of developments worldwide and case studies of selected projects.

Key features:

• A comprehensive and self-contained text covering all aspects of the multidisciplinary fields of wave and tidal energy.
• Draws upon the latest research in wave and tidal energy and the experience of leading practitioners in numerical and laboratory modelling.
• Regional developments worldwide are reviewed and representative projects are presented as case studies.

Wave and Tidal Energy is an invaluable resource to a wide range of readers, from engineering students to technical managers and policymakers to postgraduate students and researchers.

Leseprobe

Wave and Tidal Energy

Edited by

Deborah Greaves

Professor of Ocean Engineering, School of Engineering,University of Plymouth, UK

and

Gregorio Iglesias

Professor of Coastal Engineering, School of Engineering,University of Plymouth, UK

This edition first published 2018© 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.

The right of Deborah Greaves and Gregorio Iglesias to be identified as the authors of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with law.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Greaves, Deborah, editor. | Iglesias, Gregorio, 1969– editor.Title: Wave and tidal energy / edited by Deborah Greaves (University of Plymouth), Gregorio Iglesias (University of Plymouth).Description: Hoboken, NJ : Wiley, 2018. | Includes bibliographical references and index. |Identifiers: LCCN 2017042798 (print) | LCCN 2017051143 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119014454 (pdf) | ISBN 9781119014478 (epub) | ISBN 9781119014447 (cloth)Subjects: LCSH: Ocean wave power. | Tidal power. | Water-power. | Renewable energy sources.Classification: LCC TC147 (ebook) | LCC TC147 .W37 2018 (print) | DDC 621.31/2134–dc23LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017042798

Cover design by WileyCover images: (Waves) © kateafter/Gettyimages;(Rays) barbol88/Gettyimages

List of Contributors

Javier Abanades TerceroOffshore Renewable Energy Consultant, TYPSA, SpainAssociate Researcher, School of Engineering, University of Plymouth, UK

Francisco AcuñaChief Executive Officer, InTrust Global Investments LLC, Washington, D.C. USA

Sharay AstarizAssociate Researcher, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain

Bradley BuckhamDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, BC, Canada

ChenyuResearcher, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China

Curran CrawfordDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, BC, Canada

Erica CruzSenior Researcher, WavEC – Offshore Renewables, Lisboa, Portugal

Boel EkergardSeabased Industry AB, Sweden

Deborah GreavesProfessor of Ocean Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Plymouth, UK

John GriffithsAssociate, EMEC Ltd, Chair of UK National Committee on Wave & Tidal Standards

Martyn HannLecturer in Coastal Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Plymouth, UK

Andrew J. HillisSenior Lecturer in Mechanical Engineering, Centre for Power Transmission and Motion Control, University of Bath, UK

Brian HolmesMaREI Centre, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Ringaskiddy, Ireland

Gregorio IglesiasProfessor of Coastal Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Plymouth, UK

Lars JohanningProfessor of Ocean Technology, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, UK

Kwangsoo LeePrincipal Research Scientist, Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Korea

Mats LeijonProfessor, Uppsala University, Sweden

Inês MachadoSenior Researcher, WavEC – Offshore Renewables, Lisboa, Portugal

Vanesa MagarCentro de Investigación Científica y Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), México

Dorleta MarinaBIMEP, Lemoiz, Spain

Allan Mason-JonesSchool of Engineering, Cardiff University, Wales, UK

Daphne M. O’DohertySchool of Engineering, Cardiff University, Wales, UK

Tim O’DohertySchool of Engineering, Cardiff University, Wales, UK

Anne Marie O’HaganSenior Research Fellow, MaREI Centre, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Ringaskiddy, Ireland

Carlos Perez-CollazoPRIMaRE Research Fellow, School of Engineering, University of Plymouth, UK

Andrew R. PlummerProfessor of Machine Systems, Centre for Power Transmission and Motion Control, University of Bath, UK

Hongda ShiProfessor, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China

Sungwon ShinResearch Professor, Kangwon National University, Korea

Teresa SimasSenior Researcher, WavEC – Offshore Renewables, Lisboa, Portugal

Phillip R. ThiesSenior Lecturer Renewable Energy, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, UK

Yago Torre-EncisoBIMEP, Lemoiz, Spain

Angela VazquezAssociate Researcher, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain

Paul VigarsDirector of Teobi Engineering Associates Ltd, UK (formerly Research & Technology Manager at Alstom Ocean Energy, UK)

Thomas VyzikasAssociate Researcher, School of Engineering, University of Plymouth, UK

Sam D. WellerSenior Research Fellow, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, UK

Foreword

Since the 1990s the importance of developing renewable energies has been well recognised worldwide. At the time of writing, onshore wind, solar and hydropower are mature and making relevant contributions to the energy mix. However, the untapped potential of these land-based forms of renewable energy is not unlimited; therefore, new renewable energies, including wave, tidal and offshore wind, must be developed if carbon-based energy production is to be further reduced, in the spirit of the recent Treaty of Paris and previous agreements on climate change.

Offshore wind is technologically more mature than wave and tidal energy, arguably thanks to its similarities with its onshore counterpart. Indeed, as offshore wind moves into deeper waters, those facets that are not shared with onshore wind turbines, such as floating systems or hybrid (wave–wind or tidal–wind) systems warrant the greatest research effort at present.

Wave and tidal energy, the focus of this book, are technologically more challenging, not least because of the aggressive marine environment. Because of this, and the fact that their development began more recently, they are further away from full market commercialisation. Their trajectory has been similar to that of any nascent technology, with initial successes and failures.

Arguably the harsh marine environment has hindered the technological development of both wave and tidal energy, not least in relation to wind energy, the main elements of which were developed for a less aggressive environment. This also made possible the application of wind energy at different scales, from the domestic to the industrial, and its stepwise progression towards the large wind turbines that we see today. Nevertheless, the faster development of wind energy that we have witnessed does not detract in the least from the potential of wave and tidal energy. Given the intensive research efforts and the level of international interest in the field, there can be little doubt that the vast, so far untapped, wave and tidal resource in the ocean will be exploited within the next decades.

This new book aims to provide a reference text for students and practitioners in the wave and tidal energy industry. It presents a holistic view of the sector, the state of the art and the perspectives for future development. The main tools of physical and numerical modelling are explained, together with the technical aspects of device design and development, the environmental effects and the consent and legal processes. These are then illustrated with a series of case studies and a review of regional project developments.

Wave and tidal energy is a fascinating field with many exciting research challenges. Driven by the passion of the researchers and practitioners involved, the momentum in the sector is poised to transform wave and tidal energy from its present research and development status into a fully fledged renewable contributing substantially to the energy mix.

Acknowledgements

This book would not have been possible without the collaboration and wholehearted support of the many authors of the individual chapters. Their expertise in the many facets of wave and tidal energy has been central to the project, and we are greatly indebted to them.

We are grateful to Wiley for suggesting the idea of the book and their consistent support throughout the processes of writing and editing the chapters and producing the book in its final form.

We also acknowledge the contributions and support for this project from the members of the COAST Engineering Research Group and the COAST Laboratory at the University of Plymouth. The Laboratory has been essential to the development of marine renewable energy research at Plymouth. The experience in physical and numerical modelling gained through the activity of the Laboratory and Research Group, working together with industry and academic partners on numerous European and national research and development projects, has resulted in the scientific environment that has ultimately crystallised in this book.

1Introduction

Deborah Greavesa and Gregorio Iglesiasb

a Professor of Ocean Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Plymouth, UK

b Professor of Coastal Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Plymouth, UK

1.1 Background

More than 83% of the energy conversion in the world is today based on fossil fuels; meanwhile scientists all over the world are debating the topic of peak oil [1] and the secondary effects of the emissions from the fossil fuels [2, 3]. Fossil fuels are a finite resource; burning them generates significant carbon dioxide emissions that are changing the world’s climate. The impact of climate change is thought to be changing habitats at a rate faster than many species can adapt, and the level of pollution in many of the world’s cities is today causing concern. As a future worldwide shortage of useful energy supply can have devastating consequences on the political stability and economy of the world, there is a growing consensus that the world needs to switch to a more sustainable energy system. The focus and requirement for clean and cheap renewable energy conversion techniques has therefore increased.