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- Herausgeber: Packt Publishing
- Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
- Sprache: Englisch
Automating server tasks allows administrators to repeatedly perform the same, or similar, tasks over and over again. With PowerShell scripts, you can automate server tasks and reduce manual input, allowing you to focus on more important tasks. Windows Server 2012 Automation with PowerShell Cookbook will show several ways for a Windows administrator to automate and streamline his/her job. Learn how to automate server tasks to ease your day-to-day operations, generate performance and configuration reports, and troubleshoot and resolve critical problems. Windows Server 2012 Automation with PowerShell Cookbook will introduce you to the advantages of using Windows Server 2012 and PowerShell. Each recipe is a building block that can easily be combined to provide larger and more useful scripts to automate your systems. The recipes are packed with examples and real world experience to make the job of managing and administrating Windows servers easier. The book begins with automation of common Windows Networking components such as AD, DHCP, DNS, and PKI, managing Hyper-V, and backing up the server environment. By the end of the book you will be able to use PowerShell scripts to automate tasks such as performance monitoring, reporting, analyzing the environment to match best practices, and troubleshooting.
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Seitenzahl: 393
Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2013
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Table of Contents
Windows Server 2012 Automation with PowerShell Cookbook
Windows Server 2012 Automation with PowerShell Cookbook
Copyright © 2013 Packt Publishing
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews.
Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the author, nor Packt Publishing, and its dealers and distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this book.
Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.
First published: March 2013
Production Reference: 1150313
Published by Packt Publishing Ltd.
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Birmingham B3 2PB, UK.
ISBN 978-1-84968-946-5
www.packtpub.com
Cover Image by Abhishek Pandey (<[email protected]>)
Credits
Author
Ed Goad
Reviewers
Anderson Patricio
Donabel Santos
Acquisition Editor
Kevin Colaco
Commissioning Editor
Shreerang Deshpande
Lead Technical Editor
Azharuddin Sheikh
Technical Editors
Ankita Meshram
Kirti Pujari
Varun Pius Rodrigues
Project Coordinator
Anugya Khurana
Proofreaders
Mario Cecere
Dirk Manuel
Indexer
Hemangini Bari
Graphics
Valentina D'silva
Production Coordinator
Conidon Miranda
Cover Work
Conidon Miranda
About the Author
Ed Goad is a Systems Architect who has been working in various roles in the IT field for 16 years. He first became interested in scripting and automation when presented with the task to uninstall software from over 1,000 systems with limited time and resources. He has worked with scripting and automation on multiple platforms and languages including PowerShell, VBscript, C#, and BASH scripting.
Ed currently holds multiple Microsoft certifications, most recently including the Microsoft Certified IT Professional—Enterprise Administrator. Additional non-Microsoft certifications include VMware Certified Professional (VCP), Red Hat Certified System Administrator (RHCSA), EMC Proven Professional, Brocade Certified Network Engineer (BCNE), and Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA).
Ed is currently on sabbatical, and is volunteering full time at the Amor Fe y Esperanza school in Honduras (http://www.afehonduras.org). There he is teaching computer and math classes to children who live and work in the garbage dump outside of the capital city of Tegucigalpa.
I would like to thank my parents for always encouraging me when I was younger by telling me that I could be anything that I wanted, as long as I had good math skills. They bought our first computer before I even started school, and then let me break it and repair it over and over, driving my interest in computers.
I want to thank my wife for loving me and encouraging me to grow and be more than I was. Without her love and encouragement my life wouldn't be nearly as full as it is now.
And lastly, I would like to thank God for his blessings and the opportunities he has given me. As much as I have learned and accomplished, it is nothing compared to knowing his love.
About the Reviewers
Anderson Patricio is an Exchange Server MVP and a Messaging consultant based in Toronto, Canada, designing and deploying solutions in clients located in North and South America. He has been working with Exchange since Version 5 and has had the opportunity to use PowerShell since its beta release (code name Monad at that time).
Anderson contributes to the Microsoft communities in several ways. In English, his blog www.andersonpatricio.ca is updated regularly with content for Exchange, PowerShell, and Microsoft in general. In Portuguese, he has an Exchange resource site (www.andersonpatricio.org). He is also a TechEd presenter in South America and also the creator of a couple of Exchange trainings in the Brazilian Microsoft Virtual Academy (MVA).
You can follow him on Twitter at http://twitter.com/apatricio.
He is the reviewer of several books such as Windows Powershell in Action by Bruce Payette, PowerShell in Practice by Richard Siddaway, and Microsoft Exchange 2010 PowerShell Cookbook by Mike Pfeiffer.
Donabel Santos is a SQL Server MVP and is the senior SQL Server Developer/DBA/Trainer at QueryWorks Solutions, a consulting and training company in Vancouver, BC. She has worked with SQL Server since Version 2000 on numerous development, tuning, reporting, and integration projects with ERPs, CRMs, SharePoint, and other custom applications. She holds MCITP certifications for SQL Server 2005/2008, and an MCTS for SharePoint. She is a Microsoft Certified Trainer (MCT), and is also the lead instructor for SQL Server Administration, Development, Tableau, and SSIS courses at the British Columbia Institute of Technology (BCIT). Donabel is a proud member of PASS (Professional Association of SQL Server), and a proud BCIT alumna (CST diploma and degree).
Donabel blogs (www.sqlmusings.com), tweets (@sqlbelle), speaks and presents (SQLSaturday, VANPASS, Vancouver TechFest, and many more), trains (BCIT, QueryWorks Solutions), and writes (Packt, Idera, SSWUG, and so on). She is the author of Packt's SQL Server 2012 with PowerShell V3 Cookbook, and a contributing author of Manning's PowerShell Deep Dives.
Thank you Eric, for all the support and love. Thank you for cooking the delicious dinners that invigorate me after a long day's work. You are my home.
Thank you to my family—Papa, Mama, JR, RR, Lisa—you all give me strength and I am very blessed to have you in my life. Special shout out to my Tito Boy, who proudly told people in his network about my first book – thank you Tito Boy.
Thank you to my BCIT family—Kevin Cudihee, Elsie Au, Joanne Atha, Charlie Blattler, Paul Mills, Bob Langelaan, Benjamin Yu, Brian Pidcock, Albert Wei and so many others—to all of my mentors, colleagues, and students, who never fail to inspire me to do better, be better. It's been a great ten years teaching at BCIT—and I look forward to a lot more wonderful years of learning, inspiring, and sharing.
Special thanks to the Microsoft team and Microsoft communities, especially #sqlfamily. You guys are awesome and so many of you continuously and selflessly share your knowledge and expertise to a lot of people. I've been on the receiving end so many times, and I hope I can continue to pay it forward. I am so proud to be part of this community.
Thank you to the PowerShell community, for the awesome blogs, books, and tweets, which immensely helped folks to learn, understand, and get excited about PowerShell.
Most importantly, thank you Lord, for all the miracles and blessings in my life.
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Preface
Automating server tasks allows administrators to repeatedly perform the same, or similar, tasks over and over again. With PowerShell scripts, you can automate server tasks and reduce manual input, allowing you to focus on more important tasks.
Windows Server 2012 Automation with PowerShell will show several ways for a Windows administrator to automate and streamline his/her job. Learn how to automate server tasks to ease your day-to-day operations, generate performance and configuration reports, and troubleshoot and resolve critical problems.
Windows Server 2012 Automation with PowerShell will introduce you to the advantages of using Windows Server 2012 and PowerShell. Each recipe is a building block that can easily be combined to provide larger and more useful scripts to automate your systems. The recipes are packed with examples and real world experience to make the job of managing and administrating Windows servers easier.
The book begins with automation of common Windows Networking components such as AD, DHCP, DNS, and PKI, managing Hyper-V, and backing up the server environment. By the end of the book you will be able to use PowerShell scripts to automate tasks such as performance monitoring, reporting, analyzing the environment to match best practices, and troubleshooting.
What this book covers
Chapter 1, Understanding PowerShell Scripting, explains how to use basic PowerShell features such as functions, cmdlets, modules, and loops. These are the basic building blocks of PowerShell that are used repeatedly and in various forms.
Chapter 2, Managing Windows Network Services with PowerShell, covers the installation and configuration of Active Directory, DNS, DHCP, and Certificate Services. This chapter should cover everything necessary to prepare an environment as a fully functioning Active Directory domain for use in labs or new domain build-outs.
Chapter 3, Managing IIS with PowerShell, covers how to install, configure, manage, and maintain IIS websites on Windows Server 8. In addition to basic management of IIS, this will also cover monitoring and reporting of IIS, using NLB for load balancing, and utilizing a dev/staging/prod configuration/promotion scheme. This chapter should cover everything necessary to set up and configure a load-balanced dev/test/prod web environment and automate code promotion.
Chapter 4, Managing Hyper-V with PowerShell, covers installing, configuring, and managing Hyper-V servers and guest OSs. In addition to basic management of Hyper-V, this chapter also covers how to automate the deployment and management of guest VMs, managing VM snapshots, migrate VMs between hosts and prepare a host for maintenance, and how to utilize clustering to make highly-available VMs. This chapter should cover everything necessary to set up and manage an enterprise Hyper-V farm, including reporting, performing maintenance, and monitoring performance.
Chapter 5, Managing Storage with PowerShell, covers how to configure and manage storage using traditional disk, storage pools, reduplication, and SANs.
Chapter 6, Managing Network Shares with PowerShell, covers creating, managing, securing, and using CIFS, NFS, and iSCSI shares. This chapter will also cover how to use server clustering to create highly available network shares, managing replication, and configuring BranchCache.
Chapter 7, Managing Windows Updates with PowerShell, This chapter details the installation and configuration of WSUS as well as the Windows Update client. Additionally, this chapter will include methods to report on installed updates and to automate update installation.
Chapter 8, Managing Printers with PowerShell, covers creation, managing, and updating of printers on print servers. This will also include using PowerShell to map clients to printers and using Windows Clustering to make highly available print servers.
Chapter 9, Troubleshooting Servers with PowerShell, covers utilization of PowerShell troubleshooting packs, Windows Best Practice Analyzers, and using Windows Event Logs. This will also include basic monitoring and configuration of services as well as creating a central Event Log server.
Chapter 10, Managing Performance with PowerShell, shows how to use PowerShell to track and report on historical performance and identify bottlenecks. This chapter will also show how to integrate PowerShell objects with Excel to create usable performance reports and graphs.
Chapter 11, Inventorying Servers with PowerShell, explains how to inventory the hardware and software configurations of Windows 8 servers and create a detailed inventory and configuration report. Additionally, this chapter will cover methods to track configuration changes over time and export the configuration report via Word. This chapter should cover everything necessary to create a centralized hardware and software inventory of all servers in the enterprise.
Chapter 12, Server Backup, covers setting up and scheduling backups on a Windows server. This will include on-demand backups, restoring files, and Windows components, and standardizing the configuration amongst systems.
What you need for this book
To make efficient use of this book, you will need Windows Server 2012 and Microsoft Office to perform code testing and practically implement the recipes mentioned in the book.
Who this book is for
This book is written to assist the daily tasks for systems administrators, engineers, and architects working with Windows Server 2012.
Conventions
In this book, you will find a number of styles of text that distinguish between different kinds of information. Here are some examples of these styles, and an explanation of their meaning.
Code words in text are shown as follows: "The installer is a fairly simple class, similar to the cmdlet class, which inherits the PSSnapin class and contains overrides that return information about the cmdlet."
A block of code is set as follows:
When we wish to draw your attention to a particular part of a code block, the relevant lines or items are set in bold:
Any command-line input or output is written as follows:
New terms and important words are shown in bold. Words that you see on the screen, in menus or dialog boxes for example, appear in the text like this: "clicking the Next button moves you to the next screen".
Note
Warnings or important notes appear in a box like this.
Tip
Tips and tricks appear like this.
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Questions
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Chapter 1. Understanding PowerShell Scripting
In this chapter we will cover the following recipes:
Introduction
This chapter covers the basics related to scripting with PowerShell. PowerShell was released in 2006 and is installed by default starting with Windows 7 and Server 2008R2. PowerShell is also available as a download for Windows XP, Windows Vista, and Server 2003. One of the main differences between PowerShell and VBScript/JScript, the other primary scripting languages for Windows, is that PowerShell provides an interactive runtime. This runtime allows a user to execute commands in real time, and then save these commands as scripts, functions, or modules to be used later.
Since its introduction, support for PowerShell has increased dramatically. In addition to managing Windows environments, Microsoft quickly created snap-ins for additional applications such as Exchange Server, the System Center suite, and clustering. Additional vendors have also created snap-ins for PowerShell, with some of the most popular being VMware and NetApp.
Many of the recipes presented here are the building blocks commonly used in PowerShell such as signing scripts, using parameters, and sorting/filtering data.
Managing security on PowerShell scripts
Due to the powerful capabilities of PowerShell, maintaining a secure environment is important. Executing scripts from untrustworthy sources could damage data on your system and possibly spread viruses or other malicious code. To deal with this threat, Microsoft has implemented Execution Policies to limit what scripts can do.
Note
The execution policies only limit what can be performed by scripts, modules, and profiles, these policies do not limit what commands are executed in the interactive runtime.
How to do it...
In this recipe, we will view the system's current execution policy and change it to suit various needs. To do this, carry out the following steps:
How it works...
When a script is executed, the first thing PowerShell does is, determine the system's execution policy. By default, this is set to Restricted, which blocks all the PowerShell scripts from running. If the policy allows signed scripts, it analyzes the script to confirm it is signed and that the signature is from a trusted publisher. If the policy is set to unrestricted, then all the scripts run without performing checking.
Setting the execution policy is simply done via the command. Here we see several examples of viewing and setting the execution policy to various settings. There are six execution policies as follows:
When changing the execution policy, you will be prompted via a command line or pop-up window to confirm the change. This is another level of security, but can be disabled by using the –Force switch.
There's more...
Changing the execution policy requires elevated permissions to run, so you may need to open PowerShell with Run as administrator to set the policy. If you are attempting to change the policy without sufficient permission, an error will be returned.
Tip
Best practice is to enforce some level of signature checking in most environments. In Dev/Test environments, it may be common to set the policy to Unrestricted to expedite testing, but it is always suggested to require fully signed scripts in production environments.
