Wireless Networking E-Book

Jack L. Burbank

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 1089

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2013

Beschreibung

This book focuses on providing a detailed and practical explanation of key existing and emerging wireless networking technologies and trends,while minimizing the amount of theoretical background information. The book also goes beyond simply presenting what the technology is, but also examines why the technology is the way it is, the history of its development, standardization, and deployment. The book also describes how each technology is used, what problems it was designed to solve, what problems it was not designed to solve., how it relates to other technologies in the marketplace, and internetworking challenges faced withing the context of the Internet, as well as providing deployment trends and standardization trends. Finally, this book decomposes evolving wireless technologies to identify key technical and usage trends in order to discuss the likely characteristics of future wireless networks.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

IEEE Press

Title page

Copyright page

Dedication

Preface

Acknowledgments

About the Authors

List of Acronyms

Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1 Data Networks versus Cellular Networks

1.2 The History of the Wireless Internet

1.3 The Difference between Wireless and Wired

1.4 The Wireless Internet: Different Models

1.5 A Review of Layered Communications Models

1.6 Wireless Data Networking Technologies at a Glance

1.7 Cellular Networking Technologies at a Glance

Chapter 2: The Wireless Ecosystem

2.1 Wireless Standardization Process

2.2 IEEE

2.3 IETF

2.4 3GPP

2.5 3GPP2

2.6 International Telecommunications Union

2.7 Wi-Fi Alliance

2.8 WiMAX Forum

2.9 Bluetooth Special Interest Group

2.10 Summary of The Wireless Ecosystem

Chapter 3: Wireless Personal Area Networks

3.1 Bluetooth

3.2 ZigBee

3.3 Ultra Wideband

Chapter 4: Wireless Local Area Networks

4.1 The Original 802.11 Specification

4.2 IEEE 802.11b

4.3 IEEE 802.11a

4.4 IEEE 802.11g

4.5 IEEE 802.11e

4.6 IEEE 802.11n

4.7 IEEE 802.11 Security Models

4.8 Other WLAN Technologies

4.9 Performance of IEEE 802.11 WLAN Technologies

4.10 The Future Direction of IEEE 802.11

Additional Reading and Online Resources

Chapter 5: Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks

5.1 Fixed WiMAX Technology Overview

5.2 Usage

5.3 Evolution

5.4 WiMAX Transition to Cellular Technology

Recommended Additional Reading

Chapter 6: Second-Generation (2G) Cellular Communications

6.1 Historical Perspectives

6.2 Overview of 2G Technologies

6.3 2G Deployments

6.4 Chapter Overview

6.5 An Introduction to GSM

6.6 GSM Technology Overview

6.7 GSM Physical Layer

6.8 GSM Signaling at the Air Interface

6.9 GPRS Overview

6.10 GSM Security Aspects

6.11 EDGE Enhancements

6.12 GSM Evolution

6.13 GSM Usage

Further GSM Reading

Acknowledgments

Chapter 7: Third-Generation (3G) Cellular Communications

7.1 Universal Mobile Telecommunications System/Wideband Code Division Multiple Access

7.2 Mobile WiMAX

7.3 CDMA2000

Acknowledgment

Recommended Additional Reading

Chapter 8: Fourth-Generation (4G) Cellular Communications

8.1 Long-Term Evolution

8.2 LTE-Advanced

8.3 IEEE 802.16M

Acknowledgments

Chapter 9: Mobile Internetworking

9.1 What Is Meant by Mobile Internetworking?

9.2 Network Layer Considerations

9.3 Transport Layer Considerations

Chapter 10 : Key Wireless Technology Trends: A Look at the Future

10.1 MIMO

10.2 Multicarrier Modulation

10.3 Cognitive Radio

10.4 Cross-Layer Radio

10.5 Network Coding

Chapter 11: Building the Wireless Internet: Putting It All Together

11.1 Dimensions of Performance

11.2 Concluding Remarks

References

Index

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IEEE Press Editorial Board 2013

John Anderson, Editor in Chief

Linda ShaferSaeid NahavandiGeorge ZobristGeorge W. ArnoldDavid JacobsonTariq SamadEkram HossainMary LanzerottiDmitry GoldgofOm P. Malik

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Copyright © 2013 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved.

Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.

Published simultaneously in Canada.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:

Burbank, Jack L.

Wireless networking : understanding internetworking challenges / Jack L. Burbank, Julia Andrusenko, Jared S. Everett, William T.M. Kasch.

pages cm

ISBN 978-1-118-12238-9 (hardback)

1. Internetworking (Telecommunication) 2. Computer networks. 3. Wireless communication systems. I. Andrusenko, Julia. II. Everett, Jared S. III. Kasch, T.M. William. IV. Title.

TK5105.5.B855 2013

004.6–dc23

2012043405

This book is dedicated to Helen Janine Clark, the kindest and most generous person that I have ever known. Cancer can take your life but your spirit remains strong in my heart. Everything I am, and will be, is because of everything that you have been for me. I have been truly blessed to have you as a mother.

Love, Jack

Preface

During the initial periods of the current information era, obtaining and sharing information was a wired experience. The masses gravitated toward home personal computers and began experiencing “The Internet” through a variety of wired technologies. As our hunger for information increased, the sophistication and capability of these wired technologies improved. Over time, however, we began to desire high capability and convenience. With the proliferation of laptop computers and the advent of mainstream wireless networking technologies, we began to enjoy the Internet on our own terms. Initial wireless networking technologies provided only rudimentary capability, but they showed us all what the potential information experience could be. In the subsequent years we have been rapidly untethering our information devices, increasingly accessing information on our terms. The era of “The Wireless Internet” is now upon us all. “Broadband to the Masses” has become a battle cry for our generation.

However, effective wireless internetworking introduces several key technical challenges. Users constantly demand more capacity, more functional capabilities, and fewer constraints and restrictions on usage. These are not easily achievable simultaneously—if possible at all. Yet this is what we all demand from wireless technology. And at the same time, the industry faces the ever-increasing issue of spectrum scarcity, which demands ever-increasingly efficient and inventive ways to utilize this scarce resource. This creates an extremely challenging era in which to work in the networking industry. Some argue that in the rush to satisfy growing user demands for capacity, the market has become saturated with a glut of too many competing wireless technologies.

The authors find this to be a very exciting time. We rejoice in the technological advances that we have been able to witness and sometimes even contribute to over the past 15 years. While sometimes unpleasant to witness, we are thankful for the competitive forces that we believe are healthy for the industry. Indeed, even if a particular technology experiences little or no market success, it may still be highly influential. Our recent history is filled with examples of commercial failures that helped spawn innovation across the entire industry.

It is undeniable that the current wireless networking landscape is highly complex, with seemingly dozens of competing technologies attempting to solve the same problem. Maintaining knowledge and expertise in the industry is certainly a daunting task; it is difficult to not feel overwhelmed by it all. We the authors also face this challenge. If you were to look in our offices, you would find a glut of textbooks on every conceivable topic and technology related to the wireless industry. We have our favorite texts on particular topics, with particular pages bookmarked because those are the “killer tables” or “killer figures” we find ourselves revisiting time and again. However, we have long been frustrated that there is a general lack of comprehensive texts that cover all the topics that we are interested in. Why can't a book cover Wi-Fi and Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)? Why can't a book consider Bluetooth and Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) performance in wireless environments? After all, in this complex world of wireless internetworking, it is difficult for any of us to limit our scope of work to a particular technology. For as long as we have been working in this industry, we have sought, with futility, a text that discusses everything that we care about. And too many times, when we have thought we found one, we find that it provides only a superficial treatment of what we are interested in, after dedicating the majority of its pages to general engineering topics that have been covered hundreds of times before in other texts. Other texts simply provide a long-winded regurgitation of a technical specification. They give all the facts of the matter, stating what a technology is. But they do not provide any insight regarding why a technology is what it is or how it got that way. Some of us teach college courses on topics related to wireless networking and for years have struggled with poor textbooks. Simply put, we have not found the wireless networking book that we have long sought after. That is why we decided to write this book.

The goal of this book is to provide a comprehensive overview of the entire wireless networking landscape. This is an oxymoron because it is not possible to be completely comprehensive in a single text; a comprehensive text would be unwieldy. We have consolidated 10,000+ pages of specification into a 500+ page text. This book accomplishes this by focusing on what we consider to be the “important” and “interesting” aspects of wireless technologies. This book does not spend much time covering “fundamental” topics. For fundamental topics, there already exist many key texts that a reader would be better suited to consider. This book does not regurgitate every detail from a technology specification. Rather, this book focuses on the “interesting” parts of those technology specifications. Those key figures, those key tables, those things that we have bookmarked because we keep returning to them—those are what we put in this book.

Not only do we provide the “whats” of a technology, but also we try to help answer (at least in part) the “whys” and “hows” of a technology. What we hope we have accomplished is to have created a book that is filled with “killer tables” and “killer figures.” Our hope is that this book is worthy of dozens and dozens of bookmarks, that this book becomes the first place you go to find an answer. We hope that this book will help you understand not only the current wireless networking landscape, but also how we have gotten to where we are and where we are going. We hope you find as much pleasure in reading this book as we found in writing it.

Jack L. Burbank

Julia Andrusenko

Jared S. Everett

William T.M. Kasch

Acknowledgments

We would like to acknowledge the numerous individuals who have helped make this book a reality. We would like to thank Dr. Brian Haberman and Dr. Phil Chimento for their tremendous expertise in networking and the years of collaboration with them that have proven invaluable in our own professional growth and in the writing of this book. We would like to thank Dr. Feng Ouyang for his expertise in multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) communications techniques and his assistance in the writing of this book.

We would like to thank The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory for their support during the writing of this book.

We would like to give special thanks to Robert Nichols for his longtime support of our activities in this field.

Most of all, we would like to thank all of our friends and family for their patience and support during the writing of this book.

J.L.B.

J.A.

J.S.E.

W.T.M.K.

About the Authors

Jack L. Burbank ([email protected]) received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Electrical Engineering from North Carolina State University in 1994 and 1998, respectively. As part of the Communications and Network Technologies Group of The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, he works with a team of engineers and scientists focused on assessing and improving the performance of wireless networking technologies through test, evaluation, and technical innovation. His primary expertise is in the areas of wireless networking and modeling and simulation, with research interests in cognitive networking, cross-layer design, and ad hoc networking. He has published numerous technical papers and book chapters on topics of wireless networking, and regularly acts as a technical reviewer for journals and magazines. He is an associate technical editor of the IEEE Communications Magazine and is the coauthor of a book on modeling and simulation of wireless networks. He teaches courses on the topics of networking and wireless networking in The Johns Hopkins University Part Time Engineering Program and is a member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE).

Julia Andrusenko ([email protected]) received her B.S. and M.S. degrees in Electrical Engineering in 2002 from Drexel University, Philadelphia. She currently works as a communications engineer at The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. Her background is in communications theory, wireless networking, computer simulation of communications systems, evolutionary computation, genetic algorithms, and programming. Her recent work has focused on radio frequency (RF) propagation prediction, satellite communications, wireless networking, communications vulnerability, and multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) technologies. Ms. Andrusenko is a member of the IEEE Communications Society.

Jared S. Everett ([email protected]) received his B.S. degrees in Electrical Engineering and Computer Engineering as well as a B.A. degree in Humanities in 2007, and his M.S. degree in Electrical Engineering in 2009, all from North Carolina State University. Since 2009, he has worked as a wireless communications research and development (R&D) engineer in the Communications and Networking Technologies Group of The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, where he specializes in cellular air interface technologies including Long-Term Evolution (LTE), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), and Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). This work is supported by Mr. Everett's experience in GSM mobile phone development at Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications North American R&D Headquarters in Research Triangle Park, NC. His research interests span a diverse range of topics in wireless communications that include next-generation cellular networks, error-control coding, physical layer security, and underwater free-space optical communication. He is an active member of the IEEE Communications Society and Information Theory Society.

William T.M. Kasch ([email protected]) received his bachelor of science in Electrical Engineering from the Florida Institute of Technology in 2000 and his M.S. in Electrical and Computer Engineering at The Johns Hopkins University in 2003. He is currently a member of the Senior Professional Staff and the Assistant Group Supervisor for the Communications and Networking Technology Group of The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. His current interests include software-defined networking and development of robust mobile routing protocols for heterogeneous multi-exit networks. He has collaborated on multiple publications, including serving as a co-author on another book on network modeling and simulation best practices and as a co-author in the IEEE Communications Magazine.

List of Acronyms

AcronymDefinitionContext1GFirst generationCellular1xRTTOne times radio transmission technologyCellular/3G/CDMA20002GSecond generationCellular3GThird generationCellular3GPPThird Generation Partnership ProjectStandards Bodies3GPP2Third Generation Partnership Project 2Standards Bodies4GFourth generationCellularA2DPAdvanced Audio Distribution ProfileNetworking/WPAN/BluetoothAAAAuthentication , authorization, and accountingCellularAASAdvanced antenna systemNetworking/WMAN/IEEE 802.16ABAccess burstCellular/2G/GSMABMAsynchronous Balanced ModeCellular/2G/GSMABSAlmost-black subframeCellular/4G/LTEACAccess categoryNetworking/WLAN/IEEE 802.11ACKAcknowledgementNetworkingACLAsynchronous Connection OrientedNetworking/WPAN/BluetoothADArea DirectorStandards Bodies/IETF/IESGADCAnalog-to-digital converterElectronicsADPMAdaptive differential phase modulationCommunications/ModulationADSLAsymmetric digital subscriber lineNetworking/WiredAESAdvanced encryption standardSecurityAFSAdaptive full-rateCellular/2G/GSMAGCAutomatic gain controlCommunicationsAGCHAccess grant channelCellular/2G/GSMAIBAPS information baseNetworking/WPAN/ZigBeeAICHAcquisition indicator channelCellular/3G/UMTSAIDAssociation identifierNetworking/WLAN/IEEE 802.11AIFSArbitration interframe spaceNetworking/WLAN/IEEE 802.11AIMDAdditive increase/multiplicative decreaseNetworking/TCPAIPNAll-IP networkCellular/4GALMPAir link management protocolCellular/3G/CDMA2000ALOHANETRefers to the ALOHA Network (Not an acronym)NetworkingAMAcknowledged modeCellular/3GPPAMCAdaptive modulation and codingCommunicationsAMPSAdvanced Mobile Phone ServiceCellular/1GAMRAdaptive multirateCellular/2G/GSMAMR-WBWideband adaptive multirateCellular/2G/GSMANRAutomatic neighbor relationsCellular/4G/LTEANSIAmerican National Standards InstituteStandards BodiesAODVAd hoc on-demand distance vectorNetworking/Routing ProtocolsAPAccess pointNetworking/WLAN/IEEE 802.11APACAsia PacificGeneralAPDUApplication protocol data unitNetworkingAPLApplication layerNetworking/WPAN/ZigBeeAPNAccess point nameCellular/2G/GSMAPSApplication support sublayerNetworking/WPAN/ZigBeeAPSDEApplication layer service data entityNetworking/WPAN/ZigBeeAPSMEApplication support sublayer management entityNetworking/WPAN/ZigBeeAQPSKAdaptive quadrature phase shift keyingCommunications/ModulationARFCNAbsolute RF channel numberCellular/2G/GSMARIBAssociation of Radio Industries and BusinessStandards BodiesARQAutomatic repeat requestNetworkingASAccess stratumCellular/3GPPASBActive Slave BroadcastNetworking/WPAN/BluetoothASCIAdvanced speech call itemsCellular/2G/GSMASDUApplication service data unitNetworkingASKAmplitude shift keyingCommunications/ModulationASMDEApplication layer service management data entityNetworking/WPAN/ZigBeeASNAccess service networkNetworking/WMAN/IEEE 802.16ASN-GWAccess service network gatewayNetworking/WMAN/IEEE 802.16ATAccess terminalCellular/3G/CDMA2000ATISAlliance for Telecommunications Industry SolutionsStandards BodiesATMAsynchronous transfer modeNetworking/Data Link LayerATTAttribute ProtocolNetworking/WPAN/BluetoothAuCAuthentication CenterCellularAVAudio/VideoGeneralAVRCPAudio/Video Remote Control ProfileNetworking/WPAN/BluetoothAWSAdvanced Wireless ServicesCommunications/SpectrumBAAABroker AAA (server)CellularBCCHBroadcast control channelCellular/3GPPBCHBroadcast channelCellular/3GPPBCSBlock check sequenceCommunications/CodingBDPBandwidth-delay productNetworking/TCPBETBluetooth Ecosystem TeamNetworking/WPAN/BluetoothBGPBorder gateway protocolNetworking/Routing ProtocolsBIPBasic Imaging ProfileNetworking/WPAN/BluetoothBLERBlock error rateGeneralBMCBroadcast/multicast controlCellular/3G/UMTSBPMBurst position modulationNetworking/WPAN/UWBBPPBasic Printing ProfileNetworking/WPAN/BluetoothBPSKBinary phase shift keyingCommunications/ModulationBQPBluetooth Qualification ProgramNetworking/WPAN/BluetoothBRBasic Rate or Radiocommunication BureauNetworking/WPAN/BluetoothStandards Bodies/ITUBSBase stationNetworking/WMAN/IEEE 802.16BSABasic service areaNetworking/WLAN/IEEE 802.11BSCBase station controllerCellular/2G/GSMBSNBlock sequence numberNetworkingBSSBasic service set or Base station subsystemNetworking/WLAN/IEEE 802.11Cellular/2G/GSMBSSGPBase station system GPRS protocolCellular/2G/GSMBTBluetoothNetworking/WPANBTCBlock turbo codeCommunications/CodingBTSBase transceiver stationCellular/2G/GSMBTTIBasic transmission time intervalCellular/2G/GSMBUBinding updateNetworking/Mobility/MIPBWABroadband wireless accessNetworkingCACell allocationCellular/2G/GSMCACChannel Access CodeNetworking/WPAN/BluetoothCAMELCustomized applications for mobile networks enhanced logicCellular/2G/GSMCAZACConstant amplitude zero autocorrelationGeneralCBCCell broadcast centerCellular/2G/GSMCBCHCell broadcast channelCellular/2G/GSMCBC-MACCipher block chaining with message authentication codesNetworking/IEEE 802CCConvolutional code or Channel combinationCommunications/CodingCellular/2G/GSMCCAClear channel assessmentNetworking/WLAN/IEEE 802.11CCCHCommon control channelCellular/3GPPCCEControl channel entityCellular/4G/LTECCFCDMA Certification ForumTrade AssociationsCCICochannel interferenceCommunicationsCCKComplimentary Code KeyingCommunications/ModulationCCMPCounter mode with CBC-MAC ProtocolNetworking/IEEE 802CCOCoverage and capacity optimizationCellular/4G/LTECCSCommon channel signalingNetworking/ ATMCCSAChina Communications Standards AssociationStandards BodiesCDDCyclic delay diversityCommunications/Antenna SystemsCDMACode Division Multiple Access