AAGBI Core Topics in Anaesthesia 2015 E-Book

William Harrop-Griffiths

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 271

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2015

Beschreibung

Based on the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain & Ireland's (AAGBI) continuing education lecture series, this clinically-oriented book covers the latest developments in research and the clinical application of anesthesia and pain control.

• Reviews latest developments in research and practice
• Clinically-oriented but rooted in basic science
• Concise and informative articles on key topics
• Road-tested through CPD roadshows
• Designed specifically for continuing medical education

Leseprobe

AAGBI Core Topics in Anaesthesia 2015

EDITED BY

William Harrop-Griffiths

Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust London, UK

Richard Griffiths

Peterborough & Stamford Hospitals NHS Trust Peterborough, UK

Felicity Plaat

Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust London, UK

This edition first published 2015 © 2015 by The Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland (AAGBI)

Registered office: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK

Editorial offices: 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, USA

For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell

The right of the author to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher.

Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought.

The contents of this work are intended to further general scientific research, understanding, and discussion only and are not intended and should not be relied upon as recommending or promoting a specific method, diagnosis, or treatment by health science practitioners for any particular patient. The publisher and the author make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of fitness for a particular purpose. In view of ongoing research, equipment modifications, changes in governmental regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to the use of medicines, equipment, and devices, the reader is urged to review and evaluate the information provided in the package insert or instructions for each medicine, equipment, or device for, among other things, any changes in the instructions or indication of usage and for added warnings and precautions. Readers should consult with a specialist where appropriate. The fact that an organization or Website is referred to in this work as a citation and/or a potential source of further information does not mean that the author or the publisher endorses the information the organization or Website may provide or recommendations it may make. Further, readers should be aware that Internet Websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. No warranty may be created or extended by any promotional statements for this work. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for any damages arising herefrom.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataAAGBI core topics in anaesthesia 2015 / edited by William Harrop-Griffiths, Richard Griffiths, Felicity Plaat. p. ; cm. Continuation of: AAGBI core topics in anaesthesia / edited by Ian Johnston, William Harrop-Griffiths, Leslie Gemmell. 2012. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-118-78087-9 (pbk.) I. Harrop-Griffiths, William, editor. II. Griffiths, Richard, 1960-, editor. III. Plaat, Felicity, editor. IV. Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland, issuing body. V. AAGBI core topics in anaesthesia. Continuation of (work): [DNLM: 1. Anesthesia--methods. 2. Anesthesia--contraindications. 3. Surgical Procedures, Operative. WO 200] RD81 617.926–dc23 2015016167

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books.

Cover image: Stock photo © knape; from iStock by Getty Images Cover design by Chris Steer, AAGBI

CONTENTS

List of Contributors

Foreword

Chapter 1: Abnormalities of Coagulation and Obstetric Anaesthesia

What are the risks?

General anaesthesia for parturients with abnormal coagulation

What are the causes of coagulation abnormalities in obstetric patients?

Congenital coagulopathies

Haemophilia

Acquired coagulopathies

Which tests for which patients?

References

Chapter 2: Acute Coronary Syndromes and Anaesthesia

Definition of acute coronary syndromes

Pathogenesis of acute coronary syndromes

Classification of myocardial infarction: are cardiologists and anaesthetists seeing different types?

Treatment of acute coronary syndromes in peri-operative and critically ill patients

Conclusion

References

Chapter 3: Acute Pain Management of Opioid-Tolerant Patients

Definitions

Assessment and monitoring

Aims of acute pain management in opioid-dependent patients

Management of patients on high-dose sublingual buprenorphine

References

Further reading

Chapter 4: Echocardiography and Anaesthesia

Before surgery

During surgery

After surgery and in critical care

Further reading

Chapter 5: Medico-Legal Aspects of Regional Anaesthesia

References

Further reading

Chapter 6: Peri-Operative Use of Beta-Blockers: Yes or No?

Pathophysiology of peri-operative myocardial damage

Mechanisms of the myocardial protective effects of beta-blockers

Risk assessment for peri-operative cardiovascular mortality and morbidity

Current guidelines

Where do we go from here?

Conclusions

References

Chapter 7: Transfusion Requirements and the Older Person

Anaemia in the elderly

Anaemia and outcomes in the elderly

Evidence for transfusion thresholds in the elderly

Complementary approaches to haemoglobin management

References

Chapter 8: Organ Donation and the Anaesthetist

Organ donation policy

Scientific, ethical and legal issues in deceased donation

A summary of the current published best practice, ethical, legal and professional guidance

Organ donation practice for the theatre anaesthetist

Acknowledgements

References

Recommended reading

Chapter 9: Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction: Fact or Fiction?

Cognition and postoperative cognitive disorders

The International Study of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction Group

The case against POCD

Is POCD fact or fiction?

What can be done about POCD?

The future

References

Further reading

Chapter 10: Pre-Operative Anaemia: Should We Worry?

Definitions of anaemia

Prevalence

Clinical implications of anaemia

Pre-operative anaemia and postoperative outcome

Risk factors for peri-operative blood transfusion

Risk factors for postoperative mortality and morbidity

Pre-operative anaemia is an independent risk factor

Aetiology of anaemia

How should we manage the pre-operative patient with a low Hb?

Treatment of iron deficiency

Treatment of coexisting pathologies

Quality assurance

Declaration of interests

References

EULA

List of Tables

Chapter 1

Table 1.1

Table 1.2

Table 1.3

Chapter 3

Table 3.1

Table 3.2

Table 3.3

Chapter 4

Table 4.1

Table 4.2

Chapter 6

Table 6.1

Table 6.2

Chapter 8

Table 8.1

Table 8.2

Chapter 9

Table 9.1

Table 9.2

Table 9.3

Chapter 10

Table 10.1

Table 10.2

Guide

Cover

Table of Contents

Chapter 1

Pages

vii

ix

x

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

45

46

47

48

49

50

52

53

54

55

56

57

58

59

60

61

62

63

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

72

73

74

75

76

77

78

79

80

81

82

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

90

91

92

93

94

95

96

98

99

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

112

113

114

115

116

117

118

119

120

121

122

123

124

125

126

127

128

130

131

132

133

134

135

136

137

138

139

140

141

142

143

List of Contributors

Neal Beckett

Musgrave Park Hospital

Belfast, UK

Tim Chico

Northern General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

Sheffield, UK

Helen Fenner

Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Nottingham, UK

Irwin Foo

Western General Hospital

Edinburgh, UK

William T. Frame

Glasgow Royal Infirmary

Glasgow, UK

Dale Gardiner

NHS Blood and Transplant

Bristol, UK, and

Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Nottingham, UK

Mark Jackson

Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital

Exeter, UK

Robert Kong

Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust

Brighton, UK

Nanda Gopal Mandal

Peterborough City Hospital

Peterborough, UK

Alexa Mannings

Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

Sheffield, UK

Iain Moppett

University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Nottingham, UK

Nicholas J. Morgan-Hughes

Northern General Hospital

Sheffield, UK

Rachel Orme

Northern General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

Sheffield, UK

Yasir Parviz

Northern General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

Sheffield, UK

Jonathan H. Rosser

Northern General Hospital

Sheffield, UK

Hilary Swales

University Hospitals

Southampton, UK

Paul Townsley

Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust

Nottingham, UK

Oliver Watson

Northern General Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

Sheffield, UK