ABC of Ear, Nose and Throat E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Serie: ABC Series
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 369

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2012

Beschreibung

ABC of Ear, Nose and Throat is a long established best-selling guide to the management of common conditions of the Ears, Nose and Throat. It follows a symptomatic approach for evaluation and prioritisation of common presentations, and provides guidance on primary care assessment and management, and on when and why to refer for a specialist opinion.

Fully revised to reflect the current practice of oto-rhino-laryngology and head and neck surgery, new chapters address the increasing specialization and improved understanding of the likely causes and specialist treatment for symptoms such as tinnitus, nasal discharge, nasal obstruction, facial plastic surgery, head and neck trauma and foreign bodies, and non-specialist assessment and examination. There is new content on rhinoplasty, pinnaplasty, non-melanoma skin tumours, thyroid disease and head and neck cancer, with many new full colour illustrations and algorithms throughout.

This title is also available as a mobile App from MedHand Mobile Libraries. Buy it now from iTunes, Google Play or the MedHand Store.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Series Page

Title Page

Copyright

Contributors

Preface

Chapter 1: Examination of the Ear, Nose and Throat

Examination

Normal ear anatomy

Examination of the ear

Examination of the nose

Examination of the mouth

Examination of the neck

Nasendoscopy

Chapter 2: Pain in the Ear

Acute otitis externa

Acute suppurative otitis media (ASOM)

Acute (coalescent) mastoiditis

Other complications of acute suppurative otitis media

Chronic secretory otitis media (otitis media with effusion)

‘Malignant’ (necrotising) otitis externa

Other causes of pain

Neurological causes

Psychogenic

Further reading

Chapter 3: Discharge from the Ear

Topical medications for discharging ears

Chronic otitis externa

Chronic otitis media

Surgery for chronic otitis media

Further reading

Chapter 4: Hearing Impairment in Adults

History

Classification

Conductive hearing causes

Sensorineural hearing causes

Hearing aids, devices and cochlear implantation

Further reading

Chapter 5: Hearing Impairment in Children

Types of hearing loss

Assessment of a child with hearing loss

Diagnosis of hearing loss in children

Otitis media with effusion

Treatment of hearing loss

Other causes of hearing loss

Further reading

Chapter 6: Acoustic Neuromas and Other Cerebellopontine Angle Tumours

The cerebellopontine angle

Growths in the CPA

The natural history of acoustic neuromas

The symptoms and signs of acoustic neuromas

Diagnosis

Management

Summary

Further reading

Chapter 7: Tinnitus

Epidemiology of tinnitus

Clinical presentation

Otological causes of subjective tinnitus

Subjective tinnitus and other medical conditions

Objective tinnitus

Pathophysiology

Clinical assessment

Clinical examination and investigations

Management

Further reading

Chapter 8: Vertigo and Imbalance

Menière's disease (idiopathic endolymphatic hydrops)

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)

Sudden vestibular failure

Migraine

Assessment and diagnosis

Symptomatic treatment of vertigo

Further reading

Chapter 9: Facial Palsy

Definition

Anatomy

Presentation

Aetiology

Bell's palsy

Herpes zoster oticus (Ramsay Hunt syndrome)

Otitis media

Lyme disease

Malignant otitis externa

Neoplasms

Trauma

Other causes

Further reading

Chapter 10: Facial Pain

Examination

Investigations

Making the diagnosis

Conclusions

Further reading

Chapter 11: Paranasal Sinus Disease

Anatomy and physiology

Nose and paranasal sinus examination

Rhinosinusitis

Further reading

Chapter 12: Nasal Discharge

Normal physiology

Taking a sinonasal history

Clinical examination

Clinical investigation

Conditions that can cause nasal discharge in children

Uncommon causes of nasal discharge

Less common causes of nasal discharge

How to manage nasal discharge

Conclusion

Further reading

Chapter 13: Epistaxis

Aetiology

Childhood epistaxis

Adult primary epistaxis

Secondary epistaxis

Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia

Conclusion

Further reading

Chapter 14: Nasal Obstruction and Smell Disorders

Symptoms

Smell disorders

Signs

Diagnostic conditions

Investigations for nasal obstruction

Further reading

Chapter 15: Facial Plastics

Septorhinoplasty

Pinnaplasty

Non-melanoma skin tumours

Further reading

Chapter 16: Throat Pain

Acute pharyngitis

Specific pharyngitis

Recurrent sore throat

Parapharyngeal abscess

Retropharyngeal abscess

Further reading

Chapter 17: Hoarseness and Voice Disorders

What is voice?

Anatomy of the larynx

Embryology

Vocal cords in normal voice

Laryngeal examination

Aetiology of voice disorders

Aetiologies of hoarseness

Treatments

Conclusions

Further reading

Chapter 18: Airway Obstruction and Stridor

Pathophysiology

Evaluation of stridor in adults

Surgical management of the acutely obstructed airway

Further reading

Chapter 19: Snoring and Obstructive Sleep Apnoea

Spectrum of the condition

Aetiology

Consequences of sleep-related breathing disorders

Assessment

Treatment options

Snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea in children

Further reading

Chapter 20: Swallowing Problems

Physiology

Symptoms

Clinical evaluation

Common otolaryngologic conditions causing chronic dysphagia

Neurologic diseases

Percutaneous gastrostomy (PG)

Further reading

Chapter 21: Head and Neck Trauma

Nasal injury

Ear trauma

Neck trauma

Further reading

Chapter 22: Foreign Bodies

Introduction

Aural foreign bodies

Nasal foreign bodies

Orohypopharyngeal foreign bodies

Laryngotracheal foreign bodies

Bronchial foreign bodies

Oesophagus

Foreign body prevention

Conclusions

Acknowledgements

Further reading

Chapter 23: Neck Swellings

Anatomy of the normal neck

Reaching a diagnosis

Benign neck lesions

Malignant neck masses

Indications for specialist referrals

Further reading

Chapter 24: Head and Neck Cancer

Definition

Incidence

Risk factors

Presentation

What's the hospital process?

Prognostic factors

Treatment

Surgery

Complications and rehabilitation

Outcome and survival

Management of recurrent or metastatic disease

The future

Further reading

Index

Advertisements

This edition first published 2013, © 2013 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd

BMJ Books is an imprint of BMJ Publishing Group Limited, used under licence by Blackwell Publishing which was acquired by John Wiley & Sons in February 2007. Blackwell's publishing programme has been merged with Wiley's global Scientific, Technical and Medical business to form Wiley-Blackwell.

Registered office: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK

Editorial offices: 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK

The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK

111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, USA

For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell.

The right of the author to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher.

Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books.

Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought.

The contents of this work are intended to further general scientific research, understanding, and discussion only and are not intended and should not be relied upon as recommending or promoting a specific method, diagnosis, or treatment by physicians for any particular patient. The publisher and the author make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of fitness for a particular purpose. In view of ongoing research, equipment modifications, changes in governmental regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to the use of medicines, equipment, and devices, the reader is urged to review and evaluate the information provided in the package insert or instructions for each medicine, equipment, or device for, among other things, any changes in the instructions or indication of usage and for added warnings and precautions. Readers should consult with a specialist where appropriate. The fact that an organization or Website is referred to in this work as a citation and/or a potential source of further information does not mean that the author or the publisher endorses the information the organization or Website may provide or recommendations it may make. Further, readers should be aware that Internet Websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. No warranty may be created or extended by any promotional statements for this work. Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for any damages arising herefrom.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

ABC of ear, nose, and throat / edited by Harold Ludman, Patrick J. Bradley. — 6th ed.

p. ; cm. — (ABC series)

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-0-470-67135-1 (pbk. : alk. paper)

I. Ludman, Harold. II. Bradley, Patrick J., 1949- III. Series: ABC series (Malden, Mass.)

[DNLM: 1. Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases. WV 140]

617.5′1–dc23

2012021107

ISBN: 9780470671351

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books.

Cover image: PHIL JUDE/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY

Cover design by Andy Meaden

Contributors

Stephen J. Broomfield

Otology Fellow, Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Nottingham University Hospitals, Queen's Medical Centre Campus, Nottingham, UK

Mered Harries

Consultant Otolaryngologist, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals, Brighton, UK

Nick S. Jones

Professor of Rhinology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Nottingham University Hospitals, Queen's Medical Centre Campus, Nottingham, UK

Tawakir Kamani

Specialty Registrar, Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Nottingham University Hospitals, Queen's Medical Centre Campus, Nottingham, UK

Andrew H. Marshall

Consultant ENT Surgeon, Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Nottingham University Hospitals, Queen's Medical Centre Campus, Nottingham, UK

Gerald W. McGarry

Consultant ENT Surgeon, Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK

William McKerrow

Consultant Otolaryngologist, Associate Postgraduate Dean, Northern Deanery, NHS Education for Scotland, Centre for Health Science, Inverness, UK

Lisha McLelland

Specialist Registrar Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Nottingham University Hospitals, Queen's Medical Centre Campus, Nottingham, UK

Thomasina Meehan

Consultant Audiovestibular Physician, Department of Audiovestibular Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals, Queen's Medical Centre Campus, Nottingham, UK

Gavin A. J. Morrison

Consultant Otolaryngologist, Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

Antony Narula

Professor in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, St Mary's Hospital, London, UK

Claudia Nogueira

Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Nottingham University Hospitals, Queen's Medical Centre Campus, Nottingham, UK

Desmond A. Nunez

Head Division of Otolaryngology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada

Vinidh Paleri

Consultant Head and Neck Surgeon, Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle, UK

Ricardo Persaud

Rhinology Fellow, Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, St Mary's Hospital, London, UK

Nick Roland

Consultant Head and Neck Surgeon, University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool, UK

Julian Rowe-Jones

Consultant Otolaryngologist & Facial Plastic Surgeon, The Nose Clinic, The Guildford Clinic, Guildford, UK

Anshul Sama

Consultant Rhinologist, Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Nottingham University Hospitals, Queen's Medical Centre Campus, Nottingham, UK

Derek Skinner

Consultant ENT Surgeon / Rhinologist, Royal Shrewsbury Hospital, Shrewsbury, UK

Iain Swan

Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK

Andrew C. Swift

Consultant Rhinologist, University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool, UK

Paul Tierney

Consultant Otorhinolaryngologist, Head and Neck Surgeon, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Southmeade Hospital, Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol, UK

Patrick Walsh

Rhinology Fellow, Linacre Private Hospital, Hampton, VIC, Australia

Simon Watts

Consultant ENT and Facial Plastic Surgeon, Brighton and Sussex University Hospital, Brighton, UK

Tony Wright

Preface

Thirty years ago Stephen Lock, then Editor of the British Medical Journal, asked me (HL) to produce a series of articles for the journal. Subsequently these were published as the First Edition of this book (1981). He wrote of the importance of our specialty “counting for a substantial fraction of all consultations in general practice” and emphasised their economic importance. He said that the work was “collected together to provide the busy clinician with a practical, reliable source for these common problems”.

Since that time the specialty of ENT has expanded, diagnostics have improved and treatment of many of diseases and disorders has changed, but the majority of patients seen in General Practice can be reassured by an accurate diagnosis and appropriate management advice. However, some patients who present with “minor or trivial” symptoms will reveal a significant diagnosis when investigated. Following treatment most will be cured, while some will suffer some functional morbidity, and others may have a serious condition that, if not treated quickly and appropriately, may result in mortality. These, the minority of patients, need to be recognised and referred quickly and appropriately for evaluation, diagnosis and treatment.

Patrick J. Bradley joined as a co-editor for the Fifth Edition (2007), and introduced several colleague specialists, recognised as experts in various subspecialties within ENT. This format has been maintained with an expansion of the topics covered.

The aims of previous editions persist in this Sixth Edition, to include a readership of medical and dental students, nurses and all the many other health workers dealing with the problems embraced by our specialty. We have rearranged the chapter titles and contents to reflect changes over recent years. The clinical practice of ENT has seen an expansion of our “workload” and now involves joint management across several disciplines: embracing neurosurgery in the handling of skull base tumours, oncology and radiotherapy for head and neck cancer, endoscopy and robotics for the surgical excision of tumours, and facial plastic surgery for the management of cosmetic and facial lesions. Current practice continues to emphasise that eradication of disease remains the priority, but the preservation or retention of function, so intimately associated with ENT, is given equal status in modern clinical and surgical practice. This edition continues to emphasise when referral for specialist diagnosis is needed, and has been brought up to date.

Harold Ludman London Patrick J. Bradley Nottingham

Chapter 1

Examination of the Ear, Nose and Throat

Harold Ludman1 and Patrick J. Bradley2

1King's College Hospital and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK

2Nottingham University Hospitals, Queen's Medical Centre Campus, Nottingham, UK

OVERVIEW

Taking a history of the symptoms, followed by inspection, palpation and site specific examination of the ENT should be performed in its entirety when a patient first presents with an ENT complaintThe ability for the non-specialist to perform such an examination is limited because of lack of appropriate equipment and clinical expertiseExamination of each site; ear, nose, mouth and neck when examined by the non-specialist should be performed in a repetitive systematic manner and the positive findings recorded, thus ensuring that should a patient represent at a later time the previous findings can be reviewed in the light of any new findings