Anaesthesia at a Glance E-Book

Julian Stone

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Serie: At a Glance
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 194

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2013

Beschreibung

Anaesthesia at a Glance is a brand new title that provides a concise and visually-orientated summary of a comprehensive lecture course in anaesthesia. Ideal for clinical undergraduate medical students and Foundation Programme doctors undertaking anaesthesia attachments, it gives a systematic, broad view of anaesthesia in various specialties, taking the reader through preparation, management and the pharmacology behind anaesthetic medicine.

Anaesthesia at a Glance is supported by a companion website at www.ataglanceseries.com/anaesthesia containing interactive multiple-choice questions and answers together with a selection of interactive cases – perfect for study and revision.

Whether you want to refresh your knowledge or need a thorough overview of the specialty, Anaesthesia at a Glance presents all the vital clinical information you need.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Title page

Copyright page

Preface

How to use your textbook

Features contained within your textbook

About the companion website

Abbreviations

1: History of anaesthesia

First documented anaesthetic

Ether and chloroform

Anaesthesia as a medical specialty

The development and use of local anaesthetics

Typical career path in anaesthesia

Useful links

2: Monitoring

Electrocardiography (ECG)

Oximetry

Blood pressure (BP) and cardiac output

Gas analysis

End tidal CO2 (ETCO2) monitoring

Airway pressure

Central venous pressure (CVP)

3: Equipment

Anaesthetic machine

Vaporizer

Safety features

Breathing circuits

4: Airway devices

Supraglottic devices

Infraglottic devices

Emergency airway devices

5: Fluid management

Fluid compartments

Intravenous fluids

Fluid prescribing

Assessment of fluid status

6: Preoperative preparation of the patient for surgery

Timing of surgery

Assessment of risk

Preoperative assessment clinics

Fasting

Preoperative care

Arrival in theatre

7: Temperature regulation

Consequences of hypothermia

Monitoring temperature during anaesthesia

Maintaining temperature during anaesthesia

Postoperative shivering

8: The perioperative patient journey

Preoperative stage

Intraoperative stage

Postoperative stage

9: General anaesthesia – inhalational anaesthetics

Minimum alveolar concentration (MAC)

General effects

10: General anaesthesia – intravenous anaesthetics

Propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol)

Thiopental

Benzodiazepines (e.g. midazolam)

Ketamine

Etomidate

11: Local anaesthetics

Uses

Mechanism of action

Speed of onset of action

Duration of action

Toxicity

Other side effects

Eutectic mixture of local anaesthetics (EMLA) and intravenous regional anaesthesia (IVRA)

12: Neuromuscular blocking drugs

Depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs (NMBDs) – suxamethonium

Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs

Monitoring of muscle paralysis

13: Acute pain

Pain management

14: Postoperative nausea and vomiting

Mechanism

Treatment

Management

15: Chronic pain

Neuropathic pain

Chronic back pain

Neck pain

Fibromyalgia (FMS) and myofascial (MFS) syndromes

Headache and facial pain

16: The airway

Airway assessment

Management of the airway (basic)

The expected difficult airway

The unexpected difficult airway

Unstable neck

17: Emergency anaesthesia

What is an emergency?

Resuscitation

Gastric emptying

Preparing a patient for emergency surgery

18: Obstetric anaesthesia

Epidurals for pain relief in labour

Lower segment Caesarean section

Other areas

Risks

19: Ophthalmic anaesthesia

Cataract surgery

Squint surgery

Vitreoretinal surgery

Penetrating eye injury

Problems in ophthalmic anaesthesia

20: Paediatric anaesthesia

Anaesthetic management of children

Areas of interest

21: Cardiac and thoracic anaesthesia

Cardiac anaesthesia

Thoracic surgery

22: Regional anaesthesia

Central (neuraxial) blockade

Nerve plexus blockade

23: Anaesthetic emergencies in the operating theatre

Aspiration

Air embolism

Laryngospasm

Failed or difficult intubation

Malignant hyperthermia (MH)

24: Anaesthetic emergencies in the wider hospital

Anaphylaxis

Cardiac arrest

Status asthmaticus

Choking/airway obstruction

25: Trauma

Primary survey

Secondary survey

Investigations

26: Orthopaedic anaesthesia

Preoperative care

Peroperative care

Postoperative care

27: Anaesthesia and obesity

Fat distribution

Respiratory system

Cardiovascular system

Other factors

Anaesthetic management

28: Anaesthesia and old age

Anaesthetic management of elderly patients

29: Anaesthesia and diabetes

General management of blood glucose in patients with diabetes

Management of blood glucose for diabetic patients undergoing surgery

General management of diabetic patients undergoing surgery

30: Anaesthesia for vascular surgery

Preoperative assessment

Preoperative treatment

Postoperative care

Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA): a common vascular emergency

31: Anaesthesia for ENT and maxillofacial surgery

Preoperative assessment

Special areas

Emergency surgery

32: Awareness

Causes of awareness

Methods of assessment and measurement

33: Anaesthesia for ECT, dental surgery and special needs

Anaesthesia for electroconvulsive therapy

Anaesthesia for dental surgery

Anaesthesia for those with special needs

34: Postoperative management

Analgesia

Fluids

Referral to high dependency unit/intensive care unit

Early warning scores (EWS)

Oxygen therapy

Others

35: Anaesthesia away from the hospital setting

Trauma

Battle scenarios

Index

This edition first published 2013 © 2013 by Julian Stone and William Fawcett.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Stone, Julian, author.

Anaesthesia at a glance / Julian Stone, William Fawcett.

p. ; cm. – (At a glance)

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-1-4051-8756-5 (pbk. : alk. paper) – ISBN 978-1-118-76533-3 (ePub) – ISBN 978-1-118-76532-6 – ISBN 978-1-118-76531-9 – ISBN 978-1-118-76530-2 (Mobi) – ISBN 978-1-118-76529-6

I. Fawcett, William, 1962– author. II. Title. III. Series: At a glance series (Oxford, England)

[DNLM: 1. Anesthesia–methods. 2. Anesthesiology–instrumentation. 3. Anesthetics. WO 200]

RD81

617.9′6–dc23

2013018954

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books.

Cover image: © iStockphoto/Beerkoff

Cover design by Meaden Creative

Preface

Anaesthesia is often intimidating for students. Within the relatively short time allocated to this disciplines on most undergraduate curricula, there seems to be a bewildering array of unfamiliar drugs, equipment and practical procedures. Yet at the very heart of anaesthesia is the modern concept of perioperative medicine. The fundamentals of anaesthesia, such as assessment and management of the airway, respiration, circulation and analgesia, are applicable to all hospital staff involved in the care of the surgical patient.

Both authors are practising clinical anaesthetists and also actively involved in undergraduate teaching. Moreover, as anaesthetists are the largest single group of doctors within hospital medicine it seems appropriate that a contemporary undergraduate textbook is available as an introduction to the specialty.

The aim of the authors has been to cover the practice of anaesthesia to a level appropriate for a medical student who is about to embark on the Foundation Programme. Certain specialized subjects that are traditionally taught, such as physics, have therefore been omitted.

Each chapter has a self assessment section of both multiple choice questions and case studies. The answers are not exhaustive, but should encourage further reading on the subject.

Whilst this book is aimed primarily at undergraduate medical students, it may also prove of value to Foundation Doctors looking after patients in the perioperative period, doctors embarking on a career in anaesthesia and theatre staff such as Operating Department Practitioners

The authors would like to thank Laura Murphy, Helen Harvey, Elizabeth Norton, Simon Jones, Ruth Swan, Kevin Fung and Brenda Sibbald. They acknowledge and dedicate this book to those who have given encouragement and support throughout. JS would like to thank Edwina, Freddie, Hugo and Lucinda. WF would like to thank Victoria, George, Alice and Joseph.

Julian Stone

William Fawcett

How to use your textbook

Features contained within your textbook

Each topic is presented in a double-page spread with clear, easy-to-follow diagrams supported by succinct explanatory text.

Section not available in this digital edition

About the companion website

This book is accompanied by a companion website:

www.ataglanceseries.com/anaesthesia

The website includes:

Interactive MCQsInteractive case studies