Anatomy Essentials For Dummies E-Book

Maggie A. Norris

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 230

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2012

Beschreibung

The core concepts you need to ace Anatomy Perfect for those just starting out or returning to Anatomy after some time away, Anatomy Essentials For Dummies focuses on core concepts taught (and tested on!) in a typical Anatomy course. From names and technical terms to how the body works, you'll skip the suffering and score high marks at exam time with the help of Anatomy Essentials For Dummies. Designed for students who want the key concepts and a few examples--without the review, ramp-up, and anecdotal content--Anatomy Essentials For Dummies is a perfect solution for exam-cramming, homework help, and reference. * A useful and handy reference to the anatomy of the human body * Perfect for a refresher or a quick reference * Serves as an excellent review to score higher at exam time If you have some knowledge of anatomy and want to polish your skills, Anatomy Essentials For Dummies focuses on just the core concepts you need to understand this fascinating topic.

Leseprobe

Anatomy Essentials For Dummies®

Table of Contents

Introduction

About This Book

Conventions Used in This Book

Foolish Assumptions

Icons Used in This Book

Where to Go from Here

Chapter 1: Focusing on the Framework of Anatomy and Physiology

Looking at the Science of Anatomy and Physiology

Fitting anatomy and physiology into science

Breaking down the subsets of anatomy

Familiarizing Yourself with Anatomical Jargon

Arranging Organisms by Levels of Organization

Level I: The cellular level

Level II: The tissue level

Level III: The organ level

Level IV: The organ system level

Level V: The organism level

Metabolism: Keeping Body Processes in Motion

Seeing why your cells metabolize

Understanding the process behind cellular metabolism

Balancing Bodily Reactions with Homeostasis

Regulating body temperature

Maintaining a fluid balance

Examining blood glucose concentration

Gauging variables that keep the body balanced

Chapter 2: Examining Cell Biology Basics

How Cells Spend Their Time

Creating new cells

Manufacturing tissues

Constructing and moving products

Transmitting signals around the body

Exploring Eukaryotic Cells

Enclosing it all with the cell membrane

Relinquishing control to the nucleus

Giving the organelles a place to hang in the cytoplasm

Seeing how mitochondria provide energy to cells

Producing protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Taking out the trash with lysosomes

Macromolecules, the Building Blocks of Life

Naming the nucleic acids and nucleotides

Energizing organisms with polysaccharides

Peeking at proteins

Discovering How Genetic Material Makes You Who You Are

Cycling through Life, Cell-Style

Progressing through interphase

Pushing ahead to DNA replication

Entering mitosis

Forming Tissues from Cells

Linking structures with connective tissue

Reviewing types of epithelial tissue

Chapter 3: Scoping Out the Body’s Structural Layers

The Skinny on Your Skeleton

Examining the skeleton’s makeup

Surveying joints and their movements

The 411 on the Muscular System

Seeing what your skeletal muscles do

Taking a look at tissue types

Making muscles contract: The sliding filament model

An Introduction to the Integument

Studying up on the structure of the integument

Accessorizing your skin

Chapter 4: Getting to the Heart of the Circulatory System

Analyzing the Cardiac Anatomy

Examining the shape of the heart

Looking at the heart’s tissues

Observing how blood flows to (and from) the heart

Meet Your Blood Vessels

Beginning at the arteries

Moving on to the capillaries

Traveling through the veins

Discovering What’s in Your Blood

Plasma: Your protein carrier

Red blood cells: In charge of moving O2 and CO2

Platelets: The clotting cells

White blood cells: The body’s defenders

Focusing on the Physiology of Circulation

The cardiac cycle: Conducting electricity

On the beating path: Blood flow through the heart and body

Measuring the importance of blood pressure

Hemostasis: Stopping the flow

Chapter 5: Taking a Deep Breath with the Respiratory System

Surveying the Duties of the Respiratory System

Nosing around Your Respiratory Anatomy

An entrance to the system: The nose

Passing through the pharynx

Winding through the windpipe, or trachea

The lungs: The pair that just don’t quit

Exchanging gases at the respiratory membrane

The comptroller of ventilation: The diaphragm

Discovering the Ins and Outs of Breathing

Breathing under normal conditions

Seeing how stress affects breathing

Controlling your breathing

Chapter 6: Getting on Track with the Digestive System

Your Digestive System in a Nutshell

Moving through the Structures of the Digestive Tract

Allowing entry: The mouth

Sending food to the stomach: The pharynx and esophagus

Lining it up: The walls

Breaking it all down: The stomach

Importing and exporting: The intestines

Doing the Chemical Breakdown

The liver

The pancreas

Digestive fluids, enzymes, and hormones

Chapter 7: Passing through the Urinary System

Running Down the Urinary System’s Responsibilities

Surveying the Structures of the Urinary System

Creating urine: The kidneys

Holding and releasing: The urinary tract

The Yellow River

Looking at the composition of urine

Filtering the blood

Reabsorbing selectively

Expelling urine

Maintaining Homeostasis

Connecting fluid balance and blood pressure

Regulating blood pH

Chapter 8: Making Babies: The Reproductive System

Surveying the Functions of the Reproductive System

Making Gametes

Crossing over with meiosis

Producing female gametes: Ova

Developing male gametes: Sperm

Merging ova and sperm to determine sex

The Egg-citing Female Reproductive System

A woman’s reproductive organs

A woman’s (approximately) monthly cycle

Furthering Fertilization: The Male Reproductive System

A man’s reproductive organs

Seminal fluid and ejaculation

Pausing for Pregnancy

Achieving fertilization

Succeeding with implantation

Adapting to pregnancy

Going through labor and delivery

Chapter 9: Exploring the Nervous, Endocrine, and Immune Systems

Controlling It All: The Nervous System

Surveying the neural tissues

Traveling the integrated networks

Sending Messages Chemical-Style with the Endocrine System

Homing in on hormones

Grouping the glands

Defending Your “Self” with the Immune System

Loving Your Lymphatic System

Identifying immune system cells

Chapter 10: Ten Phabulous Physiology Phacts

Only Humans Have Opposable Thumbs

Human Milk Is the Best Milk

You’re (Surprisingly) as Hairy as a Gorilla

You Can Process Fear and Emotion

You Smell Like You See

Your Mouth Is More Efficient Than a Chimp’s

Millions of Microbes Owe You Their Lives

Oxygen Can be Dangerous

You Can Control Your Breathing but Fido Can’t

Hemoglobin Dominates Your Red Blood Cells

Anatomy Essentials For Dummies®

by Maggie Norris and Donna Rae Siegfried with Medhane Cumbay

Anatomy Essentials For Dummies®

Published byJohn Wiley & Sons, Inc.111 River St.Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774

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Copyright © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey

Published simultaneously in Canada

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ISBN 978-1-118-18421-9 (pbk); ISBN 978-1-118-22748-0 (ebk); ISBN 978-1-118-24039-7 (ebk); ISBN 978-1-118-26512-3 (ebk)

Manufactured in the United States of America

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About the Authors

Maggie Norris is a freelance science writer living in the San Francisco Bay area. As Fine Print Publication Services LLB, Maggie offers contract medical and technical writing services to clients in the pharmaceutical, biotech, and medical technology industries; patient care institutions; and research institutions.

Donna Rae Siegfried has written about pharmaceutical and medical topics for 15 years in publications, including Prevention, Runner’s World, Men’s Health, and Organic Gardening. She has taught anatomy and physiology at the college level. She is also the co-author of Biology For Dummies, 2nd Edition (Wiley).

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Introduction

Congratulations on your decision to study human anatomy and physiology. The knowledge you gain from your study is of value in many aspects of your life.

A little background in anatomy and physiology should be considered a valuable part of anyone’s education. Health and medical matters are part of world events and people’s daily lives. Basic knowledge of anatomy and physiology gets you started when trying to make sense of the news about epidemics, novel drugs and medical devices, and purported environmental hazards, to name just a few examples. Everyone has a problem with some aspect of his or her anatomy and physiology at some point, and this knowledge can help you be a better parent, spouse, caregiver, neighbor, friend, or colleague.