Antibiotics Manual E-Book

David L. Schlossberg

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 625

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2017

Beschreibung

A comprehensive compendium of all commonly used antibiotics, including indications, side effects, dosage information, and drug/food interactions

Antibiotics Manual: A Guide to Commonly Used Antimicrobials, Second Edition is a unique, user-friendly guide made for all who prescribe antibiotics. It’s the only book available that takes a 100% drug-listed approach to 200 of the most common antibiotics prescribed to patients each day. Presented in full color, it’s also a convenient reference for every clinician to consult once the decision to use a particular antibiotic has been reached.

This edition of Antibiotics Manual includes newer antibiotics that have been released since the publication of the First Edition and updates prescribing information for the older antibiotics. This all-new Second Edition:

• Has a color-coded interior design which provides quick and easy point of care access for the user
• Includes 200 of the most commonly prescribed antibiotics, listed by both brand and generic names
• Features important recently-released antibiotics such as ceftaroline, tedizolid, and bedaquiline

Antibiotics Manual: A Guide to Commonly Used Antimicrobials, Second Edition is a welcome book for physicians in all specialties of medicine who prescribe antibiotics. It is also a handy tool for pharmacists, nurses, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants who want more information on the drugs they administer.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

COVER

TITLE PAGE

PREFACE

ABELCET (Amphotericin B Lipid Complex)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

ALBENZA (Albendazole)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

ALINIA (Nitazoxanide)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

AMBISOME (Liposomal Amphotericin B)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

AMIKIN (Amikacin)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

AMOXICILLIN

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

AMPHOTEC (Amphotericin B Colloidal Dispersion – ABCD)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

AMPICILLIN

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

ANCEF (Cefazolin)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS:

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

ANCOBON (Flucytosine)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

ANTIMINTH (Pyrantel Pamoate)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

ARALEN (Chloroquine Phosphate and Hydroxychloroquine)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

ARTESUNATE

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

ATABRINE (Quinacrine HCl)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

ATRIPLA (Tenofovir/Emtricitabine/Efavirenz)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

 SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

AUGMENTIN, AUGMENTIN 600ES, AUGMENTIN XR (Amoxicillin‐Clavulanate Potassium)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

AVELOX (Moxifloxacin)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

  DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

AVYCAZ (Ceftazidime and Avibactam Sodium Powder)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

AZACTAM (Aztreonam)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

BACTRIM, BACTRIM DS, SEPTRA, SEPTRA DS (Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

BARACLUDE (Entecavir)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

BENZATHINE PENICILLIN, PENICILLIN G, PENICILLIN V, PROCAINE PENICILLIN (Penicillin)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

BENZNIDAZOLE

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

BIAXIN (Clarithromycin)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

BILTRICIDE (Praziquantel)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

BITIN (Bithionol)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

BROACT, CEFROM KEITEN, CEFIR (Cefpirome)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

CANCIDAS (Caspofungin)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

CAPASTAT (Capreomycin)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

CEDAX (Ceftibuten)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

CEFACLOR

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

CEFIZOX (Ceftizoxime)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

CEFOTAN (Cefotetan)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

CEFTIN (Cefuroxime Axetil), ZINACEF (Cefuroxime)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

CEFZIL (Cefprozil)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

CHLOROMYCETIN (Chloramphenicol)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

CHLOROQUINE PHOSPHATE (Aralen), HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

CIPRO (Ciprofloxacin), CIPRO XR

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

CLAFORAN (Cefotaxime)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

CLEOCIN (Clindamycin)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

COARTEM (Artemether/Lumefantrine)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

COLY‐MYCIN

®

M PARENTERAL (Colistimethate for Injection)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

COLY‐MYCIN (Colistimethate Sodium)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

COMBIVIR (Zidovudine plus Lamivudine)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

COMPLERA (Tenofovir + Emtricitabine + Rilpivirine)

BASIC CHACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY:

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

COPEGUS, REBETOL, RIBASPHERE (Ribavirin Oral)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

CRESEMBA (Isavuconazole)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

CUBICIN (Daptomycin)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

CYTOVENE (Ganciclovir Capsules and IV)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

DAKLINZA (Daclatasvir)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

DALVANCE (Dalbavancin)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

DAPSONE

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

DARAPRIM (Pyrimethamine)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

DELTYBA (Delamanid)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

DESCOVY (Tenofovir Alafenamide + Emtricitabine)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

DICLOXACILLIN

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

DIFICID (Fidaxomicin)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

DIFLUCAN (Fluconazole)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

DORIBAX (Doripenem)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

DORYX (Doxycycline Delayed Release), VIBRAMYCIN (Doxycycline)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

DURICEF (Cefadroxil)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

DYNACIN (Minocycline Tablets), MINOCIN (Minocycline Capsules)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

EDURANT (Rilpivirine)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

Emtriva (Emtricitabine)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

EPCLUSA (Sofosbuvir + Velpatasvir)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

EPIVIR (Lamivudine)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

EPZICOM (Lamivudine plus Abacavir)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

ERAXIS (Anidulafungin)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

ERYTHROMYCIN

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

EVOTAZ (Atazanavir + Cobicistat)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

FACTIVE (Gemifloxacin)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

FAMVIR (Famciclovir)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

FLAGYL (Metronidazole)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

FLOXIN (Ofloxacin)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

FORTAZ (Ceftazidime), TAZICEF

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

FOSCAVIR (Foscarnet)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING (BY CONTROLLED INFUSION)

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

FUNGIZONE (Amphotericin B)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

FURADANTIN, MACROBID, MACRODANTIN (Nitrofurantoin)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

FUZEON (Enfuvirtide)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

GARAMYCIN (Gentamicin)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

GENVOYA (Tenofovir Alafenamide + Emtricitabine + Elvitegravir + Cobicistat)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

GERMANIN (Suramin sodium)

BASIC CHARACTERIZATION

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

GLUCANTIME (Meglumine Antimonite)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

GRIFULVIN V, GRIS‐PEG (Griseofulvin)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

HARVONI (Ledipasvir + Sofosbuvir)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

HEPSERA (Adefovir)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

HETRAZAN (Diethyl Carbamazine/DEC)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

IMPAVIDO (Miltefosine)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

INFERGEN (Interferon Alpha) Infergen (Interferon Alfacon‐1) Injection Intron A (Interferon Alfa‐2a) Injection

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

INTELENCE (Etravirine)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

INTRON A (Interferon Alpha) Infergen (Interferon Alfacon‐1) Injection Intron A (Interferon Alfa‐2a) Injection

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

INVANZ (Ertapenem)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

ISENTRESS (Raltegravir)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

ISONIAZID

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING (dose should never be divided, but should be given as a single dose)

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

KALETRA (Lopinavir/Ritonavir)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

KANTREX (Kanamycin)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

KEFLEX (Cephalexin)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

KETOCONAZOLE

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/ADMINISTRATION

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

LAMISIL (Terbinafine)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

LAMPIT (Nifurtimox)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

LAMPRENE (Clofazimine)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

Lariam (Mefloquine Hydrochloride)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

LEVAQUIN (Levofloxacin)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

LEXIVA (Fosamprenavir)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

MALARONE (Atovaquone/Proguanil)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

MANDOL (Cefamandole)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

MAXIPIME (Cefepime)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

MEFOXIN (Cefoxitin)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

MEL‐B (Melarsoprol B)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

MEPRON (Atovaquone)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

MERREM (Meropenem)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

MINTEZOLE (Thiabendazole)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

MONUROL (Fosfomycin)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

MYAMBUTOL (Ethambutol Hydrochloride)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING (dose should never be divided, but should be given as a single dose)

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

MYCAMINE (Micafungin)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

MYCOBUTIN (Rifabutin)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

NAFCILLIN

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

NEBUPENT, PENTAM (Pentamidine)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

NEO‐FRADIN, NEOMYCIN (Neomycin)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

NORVIR (Ritonavir)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

NOXAFIL (Posaconazole)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/ADMINISTRATION

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

ODEFSEY (Tenofovir alafenamide + Emtricitabine + Rilpivirine)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

OLYSIO (Simeprevir)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

OMNICEF (Cefdinir)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

ORBACTIVE (Oritavancin)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

ORNIDYL (Eflornithine)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

OXACILLIN

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

PASER (

Para

‐aminosalicylate Sodium)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

PEGASYS (Peginterferon alpha‐2a)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

PEGINTRON (Peginterferon alpha‐2b)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

PENTOSTAM (Stibogluconate)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

PIPRACIL (Piperacillin)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

POLYMyXIN B Injection (Polymyxin B Sulfate)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING (1 mg = 10 000 units)

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

PREZCOBIX (Darunavir + Cobicistat)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

PREZISTA (Darunavir)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

PRIFTIN (Rifapentine)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

PRIMAQUINE (Primaquine Phosphate)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

PRIMAXIN (Imipenem‐Cilastatin Sodium)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

PROLOPRIM (Trimethoprim)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

PYRAZINAMIDE

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

QUINIDINE

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

QUININE

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

RAPIVAB (Peramivir)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

RELENZA (Zanamivir)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

RETROVIR (Zidovudine)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

REYATAZ (Atazanavir)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

RIFADIN, RIFADIN IV (Rifampin)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

RIFAMATE (Rifampin + Isoniazid)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

RIFATER (Rifampin + Isoniazid + Pyrazinamide)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

ROCEPHIN (Ceftriaxone)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

ROVAMYCINE (Spiramycin)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

SELZENTRY (Maraviroc)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

SEROMYCIN (Cycloserine)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

SIRTURO (Bedaquiline)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

SIVEXTRO (Tedizolid)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

SOVALDI (Sofosbuvir)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

SPECTRACEF (Cefditoren pivoxil)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

SPORANOX (Itraconazole) (capsules and solution)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/ADMINISTRATION

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

STREPTOMYCIN

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

STRIBILD (Tenofovir + Emtricitabine + Elvitegravir + Cobicistat)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

STROMECTOL (Ivermectin)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

SULFADIAZINE

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

SUPRAX (Cefixime)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

SUSTIVA (Efavirenz)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

TAMIFLU (Oseltamivir)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

TECHNIVIE (Ombitasvir + Paritaprevir + Ritonavir)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

TEFLARO (Ceftaroline Fosamil)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

 SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

TETRACYCLINE HYDROCHLORIDE

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

TIGACYL (Tigecycline)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

TIMENTIN (Ticarcillin Disodium–Clavulanate Potassium)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

TINDAMAX (Tinidazole)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

TIVICAY (Dolutegravir)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

TOBRAMYCIN

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

TRECATOR (Ethionamide)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

TRIUMEQ (Abacavir + Lamivudine + Dolutegravir)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

TRIZIVIR (Zidovudine, Lamivudine, and Abacavir)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

TROBICIN (Spectinomycin)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

TRUVADA (Tenofovir and Emtricitabine)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

TYBOST (Cobicistat)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

TYZEKA (Telbivudine)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

UNASYN (Ampicillin Sodium–Sulbactam Sodium)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

VALCYTE (Valganciclovir)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

VALTREX (Valacyclovir)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

VANCOCIN (Vancomycin‐PO)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

VANCOMYCIN‐(Intravenous Only)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

VANSIL (Oxamniquine)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

VANTIN (Cefpodoxime)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING (PO)

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

VEMLIDY (Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate (TAF))

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

VFEND (Voriconazole)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/ADMINISTRATION

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

VIBATIV (Telavancin)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

VIEKIRA PAK (Dasabuvir + Ombitasvir + Paritaprevir + Ritonavir)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

VIRAMUNE (Nevirapine)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

VIRAZOLE (Ribavirin Inhaled)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

VIREAD (Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

VISTIDE (Cidofovir)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

VITEKTA (Elvitegravir)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

XIFAXAN (Rifaximin)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

YODOXIN (Iodoquinol)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

YOMESAN (Niclosamide)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

ZEPATIER (Elbasvir and Grazoprevir)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

ZERBAXA (Ceftolozane and Tazobactam)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

ZIAGEN (ABACAVIR)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

ZITHROMAX, ZMAX (Azithromycin)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

ZOSYN (Piperacillin–Tazobactam)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

ZOVIRAX (Acyclovir)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

ZYVOX (Linezolid)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

DRUG INTERACTIONS/FOOD INTERACTIONS

DOSING

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

HELPFUL FORMULAS, EQUATIONS, AND DEFINITIONS

SELECTED ANTIMICROBIAL TOXICITIES

SELECTED ANTIMICROBIAL COVERAGE

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES

END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT

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Antibiotics Manual

A Guide to Commonly Used Antimicrobials

Second Edition

David Scholssberg MD, FACP, FIDSA, FCPP

The Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University Philadelphia, PA, USA

Rafik Samuel, MD, FACP, FIDSA, FCPP

The Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University Philadelphia, PA, USA

This edition first published 2017© 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd

Edition HistoryPMPH‐USA, Ltd (1e, 2011)

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.

The right of David Schlossberg and Rafik Samuel to be identified as the author(s) of this work has been asserted in accordance with law.

Registered Office(s)John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USAJohn Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK

Editorial Office9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK

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Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats and by print‐on‐demand. Some content that appears in standard print versions of this book may not be available in other formats.

Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of WarrantyThe contents of this work are intended to further general scientific research, understanding, and discussion only and are not intended and should not be relied upon as recommending or promoting scientific method, diagnosis, or treatment by physicians for any particular patient. In view of ongoing research, equipment modifications, changes in governmental regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to the use of medicines, equipment, and devices, the reader is urged to review and evaluate the information provided in the package insert or instructions for each medicine, equipment, or device for, among other things, any changes in the instructions or indication of usage and for added warnings and precautions. While the publisher and authors have used their best efforts in preparing this work, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives, written sales materials or promotional statements for this work. The fact that an organization, website, or product is referred to in this work as a citation and/or potential source of further information does not mean that the publisher and authors endorse the information or services the organization, website, or product may provide or recommendations it may make. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a specialist where appropriate. Further, readers should be aware that websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. Neither the publisher nor authors shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.

Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data

Names: Schlossberg, David, author. | Samuel, Rafik, author.Title: Antibiotics manual : a guide to commonly used antimicrobials / by David Schlossberg, Rafik Samuel.Description: Second edition. | Hoboken, NJ : Wiley, 2017. | Includes bibliographical references and index.Identifiers: LCCN 2017028213 (print) | LCCN 2017029407 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119220770 (pdf) | ISBN 9781119220763 (epub) | ISBN 9781119220756 (pbk.)Subjects: | MESH: Anti‐Bacterial Agents–administration & dosage | Anti‐Bacterial Agents–therapeutic use | HandbooksClassification: LCC RM267 (ebook) | LCC RM267 (print) | NLM QV 39 | DDC 615/.329–dc23LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017028213

Cover Design: WileyCover Image: © everything possible/Shutterstock

Once again, for Yuan:

Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate.Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer’s lease hath all too short a date.……….But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st

Shakespeare, Sonnet 18.

David Schlossberg

This book is dedicated to my family, Farid, Leila, Dalia, Ed, and Matt. Thank you all; you are the reason I am the person I am today.

Rafik Samuel

PREFACE

We are pleased to present the Second Edition of our book. The development of new antimicrobials since the First Edition has been explosive, necessitating the addition of 36 new chapters, comprising new antiretroviral, anti‐HCV, antimycobacterial, antifungal and antibacterial drugs and combinations. All the older chapters have been updated as necessary, and new tables have been added that highlight salient antimicrobial toxicities and indicate potential specific coverage of difficult pathogens.

As with the First Edition, we intend this book to fill an important particular niche in the clinician’s arsenal: it is a compilation of individual brief chapters, each dedicated to a specific antimicrobial. The final chapter of formulas, equations, and useful definitions now also includes the toxicity and coverage tables mentioned above. Each antimicrobial chapter lists the drug’s class, mechanism of action, mechanism of resistance, metabolic route, indications and off‐label uses, pertinent toxicities, significant drug interactions, and dosage for routine and special populations. The emphasis of this book is not on recommendations for specific organisms or clinical syndromes; rather, it is a compendium of clinically helpful information about available antimicrobials.

We have included the FDA‐approved indications as they exist currently; additional off‐label uses are also included. For many agents, the toxicities and drug interactions are numerous and complex; frequently, the clinician must research several sites or even multiple locations in the drug label itself to identify significant toxicities. We have tried to organize the most frequent and important toxicities and drug interactions in a convenient, user‐friendly format.

Dosage information includes the special populations of renal failure, hepatic dysfunction, and pediatrics, and each chapter concludes with a list of clinical pearls, adding practical tips to the preceding discussion. When possible, we have used the official drug label as a primary source of information, supplemented by the various print and electronic sources in the References; further details may be sought in these resources.

In addition to FDA‐approved indications, we have also listed off‐label uses of selected agents; further, since many of the antiparasitic drugs are difficult to acquire in the United States, we have supplied relevant contact information for the CDC or compounding pharmacies, when appropriate.

The primary table of contents lists the antimicrobials alphabetically by brand name followed by the generic name; this is followed by a second table of contents, which lists the antimicrobials by generic name followed by the brand name. Thus, drug information is conveniently accessed via both brand and generic names. The chapter on formulas, definitions, and equations provides classifications for liver disease, formulas for computing creatinine clearance and body surface area, and a discussion of the varied terminology for continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). This is followed by tables of individual types of drug toxicity and specific antimicrobial–organism coverage for selected and challenging organisms.

We hope this book will help the clinician navigate – in a convenient and clinically useful format – the increasingly complex details of antimicrobial prescribing.

We gratefully acknowledge the vision and expertise of Claire Bonnett, Deirdre Barry, Teresa Netzler, M.R. Shobana, Patricia Bateson, and Sonali Melwani.

David Schlossberg, MD, FACP, FIDSA, FCPPRafik Samuel, MD, FACP, FIDSA, FCPP

ABELCET (Amphotericin B Lipid Complex)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

Class: Polyene.

Mechanism of Action: Amphotericin B inserts into the cytoplasmic membrane through ergosterol, leading to increased permeability of the fungal membrane and loss of intracellular ions.

Amphotericin B also affects oxidation and may cause fungal death in this manner.

Mechanism of Resistance: Resistance is rare, but is due to changes in the cell membrane that prevent amphotericin from inserting into the membrane.

Metabolic Route: Amphotericin B is excreted very slowly by the kidneys, with 2 to 5% of a given dose being excreted in the biologically active form. After discontinuation of treatment, amphotericin is detectable in urine for at least seven weeks. Details of possible metabolic pathways are not known.

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

Invasive fungal infections in patients who are refractory to or intolerant of conventional amphotericin B therapy.

SIDE EFFECTS/TOXICITY

Side effects are similar to those seen with amphotericin B deoxycholate but tend to be less frequent or less severe.

Contraindicated in patients who have shown hypersensitivity to amphotericin B or any other component in the formulation.

Acute reactions including fever, shaking chills, hypotension, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, headache, and tachypnea are common 1 to 3 hours after starting an intravenous infusion. Rapid intravenous infusion has been associated with hypotension, hypokalemia, arrhythmias, and shock and should, therefore, be avoided.

Amphotericin B should be used with care in patients with reduced renal function; frequent monitoring of renal function is recommended.

Since acute pulmonary reactions have been reported in patients given amphotericin B during or shortly after leukocyte transfusions, it is advisable to temporarily separate these infusions as far as possible and to monitor pulmonary function.

Leukoencephalopathy has been reported following use of amphotericin B.

DRUG INTERACTIONS

Antineoplastic agents may enhance the potential for renal toxicity, bronchospasm and hypotension and should be given concomitantly only with great caution.

Corticosteroids and corticotropin (ACTH): closely monitor serum electrolytes and cardiac function.

Digitalis glycosides: amphotericin B‐induced hypokalemia may potentiate digitalis toxicity.

Flucytosine: concomitant use may increase the toxicity of flucytosine.

Imidazoles (e.g., fluconazole): imidazoles may induce fungal resistance to amphotericin B. Combination therapy should be administered with caution.

Other nephrotoxic medications: may enhance the potential for drug‐induced renal toxicity and should be used concomitantly only with great caution.

Skeletal muscle relaxants: amphotericin B‐induced hypokalemia may enhance the curariform effect of skeletal muscle relaxants.

Leukocyte transfusions: acute pulmonary toxicity has been reported in patients receiving intravenous amphotericin B and leukocyte transfusions.

DOSING

5 mg/kg/day given as a single infusion.

SPECIAL POPULATIONS

RENAL IMPAIRMENT: Monitor renal function closely. No dosage adjustment recommended for renal impairment or for dialysis.

HEPATIC IMPAIRMENT : Liver tests should be monitored routinely.

PEDIATRICS : As for adults.

THE ART OF ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY

Clinical Pearls

There are various forms of amphotericin with many important differences: amphotericin B deoxycholate, amphotericin B lipid dispersion, amphotericin B lipid complex or liposomal amphotericin B. This section pertains only to amphotericin B lipid complex.

Side effects of amphotericin B lipid complex are similar to those seen with amphotericin B deoxycholate but tend to be less frequent or less severe.

Premedication with acetaminophen, diphenhydramine, meperidine, and even hydrocortisone can decrease infusion‐related toxicity.

Hydration and sodium repletion prior to amphotericin B administration may reduce the risk of developing nephrotoxicity.

Candida lusitaniae

,

Pseudallescheria boydii

, and

Fusarium

spp. are often resistant to amphotericin B. Voriconazole is frequently used for these infections.

It is advisable to monitor on a regular basis liver function, serum electrolytes (particularly magnesium and potassium), blood counts, and hemoglobin concentrations.

ALBENZA (Albendazole)

BASIC CHARACTERISTICS

Class: Broad‐spectrum antihelminthic.

Mechanism of Action: Inhibits tubulin polymerization, resulting in loss of cytoplasmic microtubules.

Metabolic Route: Converted in the liver to Albendazole sulfoxide and is excreted in the feces.

FDA‐APPROVED INDICATIONS

Treatment of neurocysticersosis and hydatid disease (the larval forms of Taenia solium). Also Echinococcus granulosus.

Also Used for: Ancylostoma, Ascariasis, cutaneous larva migrans, Enterobius vermicularis, Clonorchis sinensis