Applied Tribology E-Book

Michael M. Khonsari

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Serie: Tribology in Practice Series (PEP)
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 1047

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2017

Beschreibung

Insightful working knowledge of friction, lubrication, and wear in machines

Applications of tribology are widespread in industries ranging from aerospace, marine and automotive to power, process, petrochemical and construction. With world-renowned expert co-authors from academia and industry, Applied Tribology: Lubrication and Bearing Design, 3rd Edition provides a balance of application and theory with numerous illustrative examples.

The book provides clear and up-to-date presentation of working principles of lubrication, friction and wear in vital mechanical components, such as bearings, seals and gears. The third edition has expanded coverage of friction and wear and contact mechanics with updated topics based on new developments in the field.

Key features:

• Includes practical applications, homework problems and state-of-the-art references.
• Provides presentation of design procedure.
• Supplies clear and up-to-date information based on the authors’ widely referenced books and over 500 archival papers in this field.

Applied Tribology: Lubrication and Bearing Design, 3rd Edition provides a valuable and authoritative resource for mechanical engineering professionals working in a wide range of industries with machinery including turbines, compressors, motors, electrical appliances and electronic components. Senior and graduate students in mechanical engineering will also find it a useful text and reference.

Leseprobe

Khonsari and Booser

Applied Tribology: Bearing Design and Lubrication, 3rd Edition

June 2017

Bhushan

Introduction to Tribology, 2nd Edition

March 2013

Bhushan

Principles and Applications to Tribology, 2nd Edition

March 2013

Lugt

Grease Lubrication in Rolling Bearings

January 2013

Honary and Richter

Biobased Lubricants and Greases: Technology and Products

April 2011

Martin and Ohmae

Nanolubricants

April 2008

Khonsari and Booser

Applied Tribology: Bearing Design and Lubrication, 2nd Edition

April 2008

Stachowiak (ed)

Wear: Materials, Mechanisms and Practice

November 2005

Lansdown

Lubrication and Lubricant Selection: A Practical Guide, 3rd Edition

November 2003

Cartier

Handbook of Surface Treatment and Coatings

May 2003

Sherrington, Rowe and Wood (eds)

Total Tribology: Towards an Integrated Approach

December 2002

Kragelsky and

Tribology: Lubrication, Friction and Wear

April 2001

Stolarski and Tobe

Rolling Contacts

December 2000

Neale and Gee

Guide to Wear Problems and Testing for Industry

October 2000

APPLIED TRIBOLOGY

BEARING DESIGN AND LUBRICATION

Third Edition

Michael M. Khonsari

Dow Chemical Endowed Chair in Rotating Machinery Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Louisiana State University, USA

E. Richard Booser

Engineering Consultant (Retired), USA

This edition first published 2017 © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd

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The right of Michael M. Khonsari and E. Richard Booser to be identified as authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with law.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Khonsari, Michael M., author. | Booser, E. Richard, author. Title: Applied tribology: bearing design and lubrication / Michael M. Khonsari, E. Richard Booser. Description: Third edition. | Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2017. |    Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2016059982 (print) | LCCN 2017000217 (ebook) | ISBN 9781118637241 (cloth) |    ISBN 9781118700259 (Adobe PDF) | ISBN 9781118700266 (ePub) Subjects: LCSH: Tribology. | Bearings (Machinery)–Design and construction. Classification: LCC TJ1075 .K46 2017 (print) | LCC TJ1075 (ebook) | DDC 621.8/22–dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016059982

Cover Design: Wiley Cover Image: © prescott09/Gettyimages

Dedicated to:

Karen, Maxwell, Milton and Mason Khonsari and in memory of Katherine Booser

CONTENTS

Series Preface

Preface (Third Edition)

Preface (Second Edition)

About the Companion Website

Part I GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS

1 Tribology – Friction, Wear, and Lubrication

1.1 History of Tribology

1.2 Tribology Principles

1.3 Principles for Selection of Bearing Types

1.4 Modernization of Existing Applications

1.5 A Look Ahead

Problems

References

2 Lubricants and Lubrication

2.1 Mineral Oils

2.2 Synthetic Oils

2.3 Viscosity

2.4 Free Volume Viscosity Model

2.5 Density and Compressibility

2.6 Thermal Properties

2.7 Non-Newtonian Lubricants

2.8 Oil Life

2.9 Greases

2.10 Solid Lubricants

2.11 Lubricant Supply Methods

Problems

References

3 Surface Texture, Interaction of Surfaces and Wear

3.1 Geometric Characterization of Surfaces

3.2 Surface Parameters

3.3 Measurement of Surface Texture

3.4 Measurement of Surface Flatness

3.5 Statistical Descriptions

3.6 Surface Texture Symbols

3.7 Contact Between Surfaces

3.8 Temperature Rise in Sliding Surfaces

3.9 Lubrication Regime Relation to Surface Roughness

3.10 Friction

3.11 Wear

Problems

Notes

References

4 Bearing Materials

4.1 Distinctive Material Selection Factors

4.2 Oil-Film Bearing Materials

4.3 Dry and Semilubricated Bearing Materials

4.4 Air Bearing Materials

4.5 High-Temperature Materials

4.6 Rolling Bearing Materials

Problems

References

Part II FLUID-FILM BEARINGS

5 Fundamentals of Viscous Flow

5.1 General Conservation Laws

5.2 Conservation of Mass

5.3 Conservation of Momentum

5.4 Conservation of Energy

5.5 Petroff’s Formula

5.6 Viscometers

5.7 Nondimensionalization of Flow Equations

5.8 Nondimensionalization of the Energy Equation

5.9 Order-of-Magnitude Analysis

Problems

Note

References

6 Reynolds Equation and Applications

6.1 Assumptions and Derivations

6.2 Turbulent Flows

6.3 Surface Roughness

6.4 Nondimensionalization

6.5 Performance Parameters

6.6 Limiting Cases and Closed-Form Solutions

6.7 Application: Rayleigh Step Bearing

6.8 Numerical Method

Problems

Note

References

7 Thrust Bearings

7.1 Thrust Bearing Types

7.2 Design Factors

7.3 Performance Analysis

7.4 Tapered-Land Thrust Bearings

7.5 Pivoted-Pad Thrust Bearings

7.6 Step Thrust Bearings

7.7 Spring-Mounted Thrust Bearings

7.8 Flat-Land Thrust Bearings

7.9 Maximum Bearing Temperature Based on Thermohydrodynamic Analysis

7.10 Parasitic Power Losses

7.11 Turbulence

Problems

References

8 Journal Bearings

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Full-Arc Plain Journal Bearing with Infinitely Long Approximation (ILA)

8.3 Boundary Conditions

8.4 Full-Sommerfeld Boundary Condition

8.5 Definition of the Sommerfeld Number

8.6 Half-Sommerfeld Boundary Condition

8.7 Cavitation Phenomena

8.8 Swift-Stieber (Reynolds) Boundary Condition

8.9 Infinitely Short Journal Bearing Approximation (ISA)

8.10 Full- and Half-Sommerfeld Solutions for Short Bearings (ISA)

8.11 Bearing Performance Parameters

8.12 Finite Journal Bearing Design and Analysis

8.13 Attitude Angle for Other Bearing Configurations

8.14 Lubricant Supply Arrangement

8.15 Flow Considerations

8.16 Bearing Stiffness, Rotor Vibration, and Oil-Whirl Instability

8.17 Tilting Pad Journal Bearings

8.18 General Design Guides

Problems

References

9 Squeeze-Film Bearings

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Governing Equations

9.3 Planar Squeeze Film

9.4 Generalization for Planar Squeeze Film

9.5 Nonplanar Squeeze Film

9.6 Squeeze Film of Finite Surfaces

9.7 Piston Rings

Problems

References

10 Hydrostatic Bearings

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Types and Configurations

10.3 Circular Step Thrust Bearings

10.4 Capillary-Compensated Hydrostatic Bearings

10.5 Orifice-Compensated Bearings

10.6 Design Procedure for Compensated Bearings

10.7 Generalization to Other Configurations

10.8 Hydraulic Lift

Problems

References

11 Gas Bearings

11.1 Equation of State and Viscous Properties

11.2 Reynolds Equation

11.3 Closed-Form Solutions

11.4 Finite Thrust Bearings

11.5 Finite Journal Bearings

11.6 Tilting-Pad Journal Bearings

11.7 Foil Gas Bearings

Problems

References

12 Dry and Starved Bearings

12.1 Dry and Semilubricated Bearings

12.2 Partially Starved Oil-Film Bearings

12.3 Partially Starved Bearing Analysis

12.4 Minimum Oil Supply

12.5 Temperature of Starved Bearings

Problems

References

Part III ROLLING ELEMENT BEARINGS

13 Selecting Bearing Type and Size

13.1 Ball Bearing Types

13.2 Roller Bearing Types

13.3 Thrust Bearing Types

13.4 Nomenclature

13.5 Boundary Dimensions

13.6 Chamfer Dimensions

13.7 Shaft and Housing Fits

13.8 Load–Life Relations

13.9 Adjusted Rating Life

13.10 Static Load Capacity

Problems

References

14 Principles and Operating Limits

14.1 Internal Geometry

14.2 Surface Stresses and Deformations

14.3 Subsurface Stresses

14.4 Load Distribution on Rolling Elements

14.5 Speed of Cage and Rolling Elements

14.6 Cage Considerations

14.7 Vibration

14.8 Bearing Elasticity

14.9 Noise

14.10 Speed Limit

14.11 Load Limit

14.12 Temperature Limit

14.13 Misalignment Limit

14.14 Problems

References

15 Friction and Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication

15.1 Friction

15.2 Friction Moments

15.3 Wear

15.4 Bearing Operating Temperature

15.5 Rolling Bearing Lubrication

15.6 Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication (EHL) of Rolling Contacts

15.7 Selection of Oil Viscosity

15.8 Oil Application

15.9 Oil Change Intervals

15.10 Grease Selection and Application

15.11 Grease Life: Temperature and Speed Relations

15.12 Greasing and Regreasing

15.13 Solid Lubricants

Problems

References

Part IV SEALS AND MONITORING

16 Seals Fundamentals

16.1 Clearance Seals

16.2 Visco Seals

16.3 Radial Contact Seals

16.4 Mechanical Face Seals

Problems

References

17 Condition Monitoring and Failure Analysis

17.1 Installation Analysis

17.2 On-Line Monitoring

17.3 Oil Analysis

17.4 Wear Monitoring

17.5 Ball and Roller Bearing Failure Analysis

17.6 Oil-Film Bearing Failure Analysis

References

Appendix A Unit Conversion Factors

Appendix B Viscosity Conversions

Index

EULA

List of Tables

Chapter 1

Table 1.1

Table 1.2

Table 1.3

Chapter 2

Table 2.1

Table 2.2

Table 2.3

Table 2.4

Table 2.5

Table 2.6

Table 2.7

Table 2.8

Table 2.9

Table 2.10

Table 2.11

Table 2.12

Table 2.13

Table 2.14

Table 2.15

Table 2.16

Chapter 3

Table 3.1

Table 3.2

Table 3.3

Table 3.4

Table 3.5

Table 3.6

Table 3.7

Chapter 4

Table 4.1

Table 4.2

Table 4.3

Table 4.4

Table 4.5

Table 4.6

Table 4.7

Table 4.8

Table 4.9

Table 4.10

Table 4.11

Table 4.12

Chapter 6

Table 6.1

Table 6.2

Table 6.3

Chapter 7

Table 7.1

Table 7.2

Table 7.3

Table 7.4

Table 7.5

Table 7.6

Chapter 8

Table 8.1

Table 8.2

Table 8.3

Table 8.4

Table 8.5

Table 8.6

Table 8.7

Table 8.8

Table 8.9

Table 8.10

Table 8.11

Table 8.12

Table 8.13

Chapter 9

Table 9.1

Table 9.2

Table 9.3

Table 9.4

Table 9.5

Chapter 10

Table 10.1

Chapter 11

Table 11.1

Table 11.2

Table 11.3

Table 11.4

Table 11.5

Chapter 12

Table 12.1

Table 12.2

Table 12.3

Table 12.4

Table 12.5

Table 12.6

Chapter 13

Table 13.1

Table 13.2

Table 13.3

Table 13.4

Table 13.5

Table 13.6

Table 13.7

Table 13.8

Table 13.9

Table 13.10

Table 13.11

Chapter 14

Table 14.1

Table 14.2

Table 14.3

Table 14.4

Table 14.5

Table 14.6

Table 14.7

Table 14.8

Chapter 15

Table 15.1

Table 15.2

Table 15.3

Table 15.4

Table 15.5

Table 15.6

Chapter 16

Table 16.1

Table 16.2

Table 16.3

Chapter 17

Table 17.1

Table 17.2

Table 17.3

Table 17.4

Table 17.5

Table 17.6

Guide

Cover

Table of Contents

Preface

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Series Preface

The first and the second edition of Applied Tribology Bearing Design and Lubrication were published in 2001 and 2008, respectively. Both books enjoy a five star ranking on the Amazon book list. The new edition follows the same style and structure as the two previous ones. The book starts with general description of the tribological concepts such as friction, wear, lubricants and lubrication, surface texture and bearing materials. The text then follows with detailed explanation of the lubrication regimes and the corresponding bearing designs. Two chapters that follow contain information on bearing selection and operating limits, very useful for practicing engineers. The book finishes with a chapter on seal fundamentals. In comparison to the second edition, this new version is much improved. The text has been updated, some of the chapters significantly extended, additional references included, and occasional errors removed. Throughout the text several new numerical examples, supporting the problems discussed, have also been added.

Substantial new sections have been included in several chapters. In particular, Chapter 3 has been thoroughly revised and enhanced by new segments on contact between surfaces, friction and wear phenomena, classification of wear, failure modes and wear maps. Chapter 6 has been supplemented by a discussion on optimizing a finite Rayleigh step bearing. In Chapter 7 a useful section on the maximum bearing temperature calculations, based on the thermohydrodynamic analysis, has been included. In Chapter 8 sections on tilted pad journal bearings, maximum bearing temperature and whirl instability have been added. Updated Chapter 9 now contains a discussion on the combined squeeze and rotational motion and vertical bearing configuration, commonly found in industrial applications. Chapter 15 has been updated by including discussions on mixed film lubrication, lubricant starvation, models of non-Newtonian behavior of lubricants, greases and solid lubricants. Chapter 16, dedicated to seal foundations, contains now a discussion on thermal effects in mechanical face seals and ways of reducing the surface temperature.