Balanis' Advanced Engineering Electromagnetics E-Book

Constantine A. Balanis

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 1593

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2023

Beschreibung

Balanis' Advanced Engineering Electromagnetics The latest edition of the foundational guide to advanced electromagnetics Balanis' third edition of Advanced Engineering Electromagnetics - a global best-seller for over 30 years - covers the advanced knowledge engineers involved in electromagnetics need to know, particularly as the topic relates to the fast-moving, continuously evolving, and rapidly expanding field of wireless communications. The immense interest in wireless communications and the expected increase in wireless communications systems projects (antennas, microwaves and wireless communications) points to an increase in the number of engineers needed to specialize in this field. Highlights of the 3rd Edition include: * A new chapter, on Artificial Impedance Surfaces (AIS), contains material on current and advanced EM technologies, including the exciting and fascinating topic of metasurfaces for: * Control and broadband RCS reduction using checkerboard designs. * Optimization of antenna fundamental parameters, such as: input impedance, directivity, realized gain, amplitude radiation pattern. * Leaky-wave antennas using 1-D and 2-D polarization diverse-holographic high impedance metasurfaces for antenna radiation control and optimization. * Associated MATLAB programs for the design of checkerboard metasurfaces for RCS reduction, and metasurface printed antennas and holographic L WA for radiation control and optimization. * Throughout the book, there are: * Additional examples, numerous end-of-chapter problems, and PPT notes. * Fifty three MATLAB computer programs for computations, graphical visualizations and animations. * Nearly 4,500 multicolor PowerPoint slides are available for self-study or lecture use.

Leseprobe

BALANIS' ADVANCED ENGINEERING ELECTROMAGNETICS

THIRD EDITION

Constantine A. Balanis

Arizona State University

Copyright © 2024 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.

Published simultaneously in Canada.

Edition History

John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (1e, 1989 and 2e, 2012)

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Balanis, Constantine A., 1938- author.

Title: Balanis’ advanced engineering electromagnetics / Constantine A. Balanis.

Description: Third edition. | Hoboken, New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons, [2024] | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2023023649 (print) | LCCN 2023023650 (ebook) | ISBN 9781394180011 (hardback) | ISBN 9781394180028 (pdf) | ISBN 9781394180035 (epub)

Subjects: LCSH: Electromagnetism.

Classification: LCC QC760 .B25 2024 (print) | LCC QC760 (ebook) | DDC 537--dc23/eng20230926

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2023023649

LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2023023650

Cover Image: Courtesy of Dr. Wengang Chen

Cover Design: Wiley

Set in 10/12pt TimesNewRomanMTStd by Integra Software Services Pvt. Ltd, Pondicherry, India

To my family:

Helen, Renie, Stephanie, Bill, Pete, and Ellie

Preface

Because of the immense interest in and success of the first two editions, the third edition renamed Balanis’Advanced Engineering Electromagnetics has maintained all the attractive features of the first two editions. A new chapter, Chapter 16 on Artificial Impedance Surfaces (AIS), contains material on current and advanced EM technologies including metasurfaces for:

Control and broadband RCS reduction using checkerboard designs.

Optimization of antenna fundamental parameters, such as: input impedance, directivity, realized gain, amplitude radiation pattern.

Leaky-wave antennas using 1-D and 2-D polarization diverse-holographic high impedance metasurfaces for antenna radiation control and optimization.

MATLAB programs for the design of checkerboard metasurfaces for RCS reduction, and metasurface printed antennas and holographic LWA for radiation control and optimization.

In addition, smaller inserts have been added throughout the book, including:

New figures, photos, and tables.

Additional examples and numerous end-of-chapter problems.

PPT notes to supplement lectures on design of checkerboard metasurfaces for RCS reduction, antenna fundamental parameters optimization, and Leaky Wave Antennas (LWA) for amplitude radiation scanning.

The book also provides multimedia material (refer to About the Companion Website section for full details), including:

Over 4,500 multicolor PowerPoint slides for the 16 chapters.

Fifty-three MATLAB® computer programs (most of them new; the four Fortran programs from the first edition were translated to MATLAB®)

Given the space limitations, the added material supplements, expands, and reinforces the analytical methods that were, and continue to be, the main focus of this book. The analytical methods are the foundation of electromagnetics and provide understanding and physical interpretation of electromagnetic phenomena and interactions. Although numerical and computational methods have, especially in the last four decades, played a key role in the solution of complex electromagnetic problems, they are highly dependent on fundamental principles. Not understanding the basic fundamentals of electromagnetics, represented by analytical methods, may lead to the lack of physical realization, interpretation, and verification of simulated results. In fact, there are a plethora of personal and commercial codes that are now available, and they are expanding very rapidly. Users are now highly dependent on these codes, and we seem to lose focus on the interpretation and physical realization of the simulated results because, possibly, of the lack of understanding of fundamental principles. There are numerous books that address numerical and computational methods, and this author did not want to repeat what is already available in the literature, especially with space limitations. Only the moment method (MM), in support of Integral Equations (IEs), and Diffraction Theory (GTD/UTD) are included in this book. However, to aid in the computation, simulation, and animation of results based on analytical formulations included in this book, even provide some of the data in graphical form, forty-eight basic MATLAB® computer programs have been developed and are included on the website that is part of this book.

The first edition was based on material taught on a yearly basis and notes developed over nearly 20 years. This third edition, based on an additional 20 years of teaching and development of notes and multimedia (for a total of over 40 years of teaching), refined any shortcomings of the first edition and added: a new chapter, two new complete sections, numerous smaller inserts, examples, end-of-chapter problems, and Multimedia (including PPT notes, MATLAB® computer programs for computations, simulations, visualization, and animation). The four Fortran programs from the first edition were translated in MATLAB®, and numerous additional ones were developed only in MATLAB®. These are spread throughout Chapters 4 through 14. The revision of the book also took into account suggestions of nearly 20 reviewers selected by the publisher, some of whom are identified and acknowledged based on their approval. The multicolor PowerPoint (PPT) notes, over 4,500 viewgraphs, can be used as ready-made lectures so that instructors will not have to labor at developing their own notes. Instructors also have the option to add PPT viewgraphs of their own or delete any that do not fit their class objectives. This third edition is based on additional 10 years of teaching, for a total of 40. The additional material included in the third edition is outlined at the beginning of the Preface.

The book can be used for at least a two-semester sequence in electromagnetics, beyond an introduction to basic undergraduate EM. Although the first part of the book is intended for senior undergraduates and beginning graduates in electrical engineering and physics, the later chapters are targeted for advanced graduate students and practicing engineers and scientists. The majority of Chapters 1 through 10 can be covered in the first semester, and most of Chapters 11 through 16 can be covered in the second semester. To cover all of the material in the proposed time frame would be, in many instances, an ambitious task. However, sufficient topics have been included to make the text complete and to allow instructors the flexibility to emphasize, de-emphasize, or omit sections and/or chapters. Some chapters can be omitted without loss of continuity.

The discussion presumes that the student has general knowledge of vector analysis, differential and integral calculus, and electromagnetics from at least either an introductory undergraduate electrical engineering or a physics course. Mathematical techniques required for understanding some advanced topics, mostly in the later chapters, are incorporated in the individual chapters or are included as appendixes.

Like the first and second editions, this third edition is a thorough and detailed student-oriented book. The analytical detail, rigor, and thoroughness allow many of the topics to be traced to their origin, and they are presented in sufficient detail so that the students, and the instructors as well, will follow the analytical developments. In addition to the coverage of traditional classical topics, the book includes state of the art advanced topics on Metamaterials, Artificial Impedance Surfaces (AIS, EBG, PBG, HIS, AMC, PMC), Integral Equations (IE), Moment Method (MM), Geometrical and Uniform Theory of Diffraction (GTD/UTD) for PEC and impedance surfaces, and Green’s functions. Electromagnetic theorems, as applied to the solution of boundary-value problems, are also included and discussed.

The material is presented in a methodical, sequential, and unified manner, and each chapter is subdivided into sections or subsections whose individual headings clearly identify the topics discussed, examined, or illustrated. The examples and end-of-chapter problems have been designed to illustrate basic principles and to challenge the knowledge of the student. An exhaustive list of references is included at the end of each chapter to allow the interested reader to trace each topic. A number of appendixes of mathematical identities and special functions, some represented also in tabular and graphical forms, are included to aid the student in the solution of the examples and assigned end-of-chapter problems. A solutions manual for all end-of-chapter problems is available exclusively to instructors.

In Chapter 1, the book covers classical topics on Maxwell’s equations, constitutive parameters and relations, circuit relations, boundary conditions, and power and energy relations. The electrical properties of matter for both direct current and alternating current, including an update on superconductivity, are covered in Chapter 2. The wave equation and its solution in rectangular, cylindrical, and spherical coordinates are discussed in Chapter 3. Electromagnetic wave propagation and polarization are introduced in Chapter 4. Reflection and transmission at normal and oblique incidences are considered in Chapter 5, along with depolarization of the wave due to reflection and transmission and an introduction to metamaterials (especially those with negative index of refraction, referred to as double negative, DNG). Chapter 6 covers the auxiliary vector potentials and their use toward the construction of solutions for radiation and scattering problems. The theorems of duality, uniqueness, image, reciprocity, reaction, volume and surface equivalences, induction, and physical and physical optics equivalents are introduced and applied in Chapter 7. Rectangular cross-section waveguides and cavities, including dielectric slabs, striplines and microstrips, and ridged waveguides are discussed in Chapter 8. Waveguides and cavities with circular cross section, including the fiber optics cable, are examined in Chapter 9, and those of spherical geometry are introduced in Chapter 10. Scattering by strips, plates, circular cylinders, wedges, and spheres is analyzed in Chapter 11. Chapter 12 covers the basics and applications of Integral Equations (IE) and the Moment Method (MM). The techniques and applications of the Geometrical and Uniform Theory of Diffraction (GTD/UTD) are introduced and discussed in Chapter 13. The PEC GTD/UTD techniques of Chapter 13 are extended in Chapter 14 to wedges with impedance surfaces, utilizing Maliuzhinets functions. The classic topic of Green’s functions is introduced and applied in Chapter 15.

The new Chapter 16 addresses Artificial Impedance Surfaces (AIS), also referred to as Metasurfaces; Electromagnetics Band-Gap (EBG) Structures; Photonic Band Gap (PBG) Structures; High Impedance Surfaces (HIS); Artificial Magnetic Conductors (AMC); Perfect Magnetic Conductors (PMC), and others. The aim of this new chapter is to introduce current and fascinating metasurface EM technology for broadband RCS control and reduction, antenna fundamental parameters optimization, and Leaky Wave Antennas (LWA) for amplitude radiation scanning.

Throughout the book an ejωt time convention is assumed, and it is suppressed in almost all the chapters. The International System of Units, which is an expanded form of the rationalized MKS system, is used throughout the text. In some instances, the units of length are given in meters (or centimeters) and feet (or inches). Numbers in parentheses ( ) refer to equations, whereas those in brackets [ ] refer to references. For emphasis, the most important equations, once they are derived, are boxed.

I would like to acknowledge the invaluable suggestions and contributions of all who contributed to the first two editions of the book; they are too numerous to mention here. Their names and contributions are explicitly acknowledged in the Prefaces of the respective two editions. It is my pleasure to acknowledge here the contributors to this third edition, especially those who contributed to the new Chapter 16. I am indebted to my most recent graduate students whose PhD dissertations formed the cornerstone of Chapter 16. In particular I will like to thank: Dr. Meshaal A. Alyahya, Dr. Anuj Modi, Dr. Subramanian Ramalingam, Dr. Mohammed Albarbi, Dr. Wengang Chen, Dr. Mikal Askarian Amiri, and Dr. Sivaseetharaman Pandi. Special recognition to Dr. Meshaal A. Alyahya, who combined the updates from all the other contributors to form the LaTex files of new Chapter 16