Better Births E-Book

Anna M. Brown

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 634

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2021

Beschreibung

Better Births: The Midwife 'with Woman’ provides readers with an in-depth understanding of the fundamental concepts at the heart of all midwifery practice. Written for student midwives and qualified practitioners alike, this evidence-based textbook examines what it means to be 'with woman' from a range of perspectives, in a variety of contexts, and in diverse areas of practice. Based on Rodgers' evolutionary concept analysis—the theoretical approach to developing knowledge in nursing science—this authoritative resource systematically examines and analyses the most recent literature and evidence, presenting findings of high relevance to midwives and childbearing women with contributions from international experts.

• Introduces the concept of being 'with woman' and explains the evolutionary concept analysis approach
• Provides insights on the relationship between woman and midwife and on fulfilling the 'with woman' concept
• Reviews contemporary literature to identify new knowledge and generate questions about the concept
• Includes discussion of global and historical perspectives, high risk midwifery, mental health issues, supporting the bereaved woman, delivering nurturing care to the older childbearing woman, midwifery education, public health, the future of midwifery, and more

Better Births is essential reading for undergraduate and graduate students in midwifery programmes, scholars and educators in the field, sociologists and researchers in related disciplines, and general readers interested in women’s position in society, birth and motherhood, and feminism.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Cover

Title Page

Copyright Page

Dedication Page

Preface

References

Foreword

1 An Evolutionary Concept Analysis

A Historic Review of Being ‘with Woman’

Rodgers' Concept Analysis Framework

Search Strategy and Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria

Data Extraction and Analysis

Characteristics of the ‘with Woman’ Concept

Wellbeing and Health Through Positive Behaviour

Processing Midwifery Knowledge and Skills

Physical Wellbeing Through Environmental Factors

Conclusion

Lessons Learnt

References

2 Ethical Perspectives of Being ‘with Woman’

Introduction

Midwifery Working Practices

Ethics and Standards

Choices, Autonomy and Decision Making

Towards a Relational Model with Confidence and Responsibility

Advocacy

Empathy, Intuition and Sensitivity

The ‘Good’ Midwife

Conclusion

Lessons Learnt

Acknowledgement

References

3 ‘With Woman’ in ‘Normal Birth’

Introduction

Defining Normality

Defining Risk

Woman‐Centred Care

Place of Birth

Conclusion

Lessons Learnt

References

4 ‘With Woman’ in Screening and Fetal Medicine

Introduction

Screening and Fetal Medicine

Benefits and Costs of Prenatal Screening

Healthcare Professionals' Experiences of Fetal Screening

Women's Views of Fetal Screening

Termination After Diagnosis

Conclusion

References

5 ‘With the High‐Risk Woman and Neonate’

Introduction

High‐Risk Pregnancies and Birth

Hypertension in Pregnancy

Care in Pregnancy, Labour and Postpartum

‘Being with Woman’ Having Twins

Lessons Learnt

‘With Woman’ in Special Care or Intensive Care Neonatal Units

Lessons Learnt

References

6 ‘With Woman’ with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Introduction

Gestational Diabetes Literature

Diagnosis of GDM

Managing GDM to Improve Outcomes

Women's Experiences of GDM Management

Implications for the Neonate of a GDM Woman

The Role of Lactation in GDM Women

Conclusion

Lessons Leant

References

7 ‘With Woman’ in Perineal Trauma

Introduction and Background

Midwives' Role in Supporting Women with Perineal Trauma

Women's Experiences of Care after Perineal Trauma

Rationale for a Perineal Care Clinic

Conclusion

Lessons Learnt

References

8 ‘With Woman’ from a Mental Health Perspective

Introduction

Principles of Care in Pregnancy and the Postnatal Period

Recognising Depression in Pregnancy and the Postnatal Period; Assessment and Referral

Treatment Options, Monitoring and Support in the Postnatal Period

Women's Perspective

Conclusion

Lessons Learnt

References

9 ‘With Woman’ in Prison

Introduction

Interventions and Impact on Outcomes

Women's Views and Experiences

Maternity Services for Women in Prisons

Conclusion

Lessons Learnt

References

10 ‘With the Older Woman’

Introduction

Reasons for Advanced Maternal Age

Perception of Risk

Outcomes of Pregnancy and Birth

Women's Views

Midwifery Care of the Older Mother

Conclusion

Lessons Learnt

References

11 ‘With the Bereaved Woman’

Introduction

The Consequences of a Stillbirth

Implications for Healthcare Providers

Parents' Perspective

Bereavement Care Services

Conclusion

Lessons Learnt

References

12 Global Midwifery Perspective of the ‘with Woman’ Concept

Introduction to Global Maternity Services

Midwifery Services in Israel

Miriam's Reflection

Priscilla's Reflection

Midwifery Services in Italy

Midwifery in Norway

Maternity Services in Australia

Lessons Learnt

References

Some Useful Websites

Conclusion: Reflections on Midwifery Practice: Does Professional Regulation Promote a ‘With Woman’ Philosophy?

Introduction

Self‐Professional Regulation

Peer Professional Regulation

Non‐statutory Professional Regulation

Government Policy

International Influences and Regulation

Conclusion

References

Further Reading

Index

End User License Agreement

List of Tables

Chapter 1

Table 1.1 Rodgers' Evolutionary Conceptual Analysis framework (1989).

Table 1.2 Databases searched and number of articles selected for final review...

Table 1.3 Antecedents, attributes and consequences of the ‘with woman’ concep...

Chapter 2

Table 2.1 Concept Analysis of the ethical perspective of being ‘with woman’.

Chapter 3

Table 3.1 Analysis of the midwife's perspective of ‘with woman’ concept.

Chapter 4

Table 4.1 Concept analysis of ‘with woman’ in screening and fetal medicine.

Chapter 5

Table 5.1 Concept analysis of ‘with the high‐risk woman and neonate’.

Table 5.2 Concept analysis of ‘with woman’ with the compromised neonate.

Chapter 6

Table 6.1 Concept analysis of ‘with the GDM woman’ and compromised neonate.

Chapter 7

Table 7.1 Concept analysis of ‘with woman’ with perineal trauma.

Chapter 8

Table 8.1 Concept analysis of mental health factors.

Chapter 9

Table 9.1 Rodgers' Concept analysis of ‘with woman’ in prison.

Chapter 10

Table 10.1 Concept analysis of midwives ‘with the older woman’.

Chapter 11

Table 11.1 Concept analysis of ‘with the bereaved woman’.

Guide

Cover Page

Title Page

Copyright Page

Dedication Page

Preface

Foreword

Table of Contents

Begin Reading

Conclusion: Reflections on Midwifery Practice: Does Professional Regulation Promote a ‘With Woman’ Philosophy?

Further Reading

Index

Wiley End User License Agreement

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Better Births

The Midwife ‘with Woman’

Edited by

Anna M. Brown

School of Health SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildford, Surrey, UK

This edition first published 2021© 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd

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Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of WarrantyThe contents of this work are intended to further general scientific research, understanding, and discussion only and are not intended and should not be relied upon as recommending or promoting scientific method, diagnosis, or treatment by physicians for any particular patient. In view of ongoing research, equipment modifications, changes in governmental regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to the use of medicines, equipment, and devices, the reader is urged to review and evaluate the information provided in the package insert or instructions for each medicine, equipment, or device for, among other things, any changes in the instructions or indication of usage and for added warnings and precautions. While the publisher and authors have used their best efforts in preparing this work, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives, written sales materials or promotional statements for this work. The fact that an organization, website, or product is referred to in this work as a citation and/or potential source of further information does not mean that the publisher and authors endorse the information or services the organization, website, or product may provide or recommendations it may make. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a specialist where appropriate. Further, readers should be aware that websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. Neither the publisher nor authors shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.

Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication DataNames: Brown, Anna (Anna Maria), editor.Title: Better births : the midwife ‘with woman’ / edited by Anna M. Brown.Description: Hoboken, NJ : Wiley‐Blackwell, 2021. | Includes bibliographical references and index.Identifiers: LCCN 2020051701 (print) | LCCN 2020051702 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119628743 (paperback) | ISBN 9781119628804 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781119628842 (epub)Subjects: MESH: Nurse Midwives | Midwifery | Nurse‐Patient RelationsClassification: LCC RG525 (print) | LCC RG525 (ebook) | NLM WY 157 | DDC 618.2–dc23LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020051701LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020051702

Cover Design: WileyCover Illustration: © Harriet Lee‐Merrion

This book is dedicated to my family, my colleagues and friends who have supported me during its creation.I especially wish to thank all the women and midwives who have sent me their stories. Their contribution to this work is pivotal and I hope the content will inspire future generations of midwives, as well as those currently in the profession.A midwifery colleague wrote these lovely words below. When I read them, they resonated with me and the true essence and spirit of this book:Holding SpaceBy kind permission of Emily Clark

What does it mean to hold spaceFor the pregnant/ birthing personAnd the new parent?

To be a hundred percent presentEmotionally, physically and mentally.

To walk their journey with themWithout judgement or opinion.

To understand by openingYour heart to them.

To give them space to feelTheir feelings and just be.

To be ‘with woman’.Finally, I wish to remember my parents Myriam and Paul who sadly are no longer with us, but who have always wholeheartedly supported my endeavours.

Anna M. Brown

Preface

I have been a midwife for 35 years. Throughout this time, I have witnessed the impact and implications of childbirth. However, more recent events have encouraged me to examine childbirth experiences which have involved close family members. Heartfelt comments have ranged from desperate pleas such as ‘nobody tells you the reality of becoming a mother … I feel overwhelmed’ to ‘I feel abandoned’. Such observations have urged me to explore the concept of what it means to women and midwives to be ‘with woman’. In addition, new standards for the profession were published in November 2019, one of which requires midwives to be able to provide and promote continuity of care and carer. This is not a new phenomenon but seen through the concept of being ‘with woman’ would provide a safer and more effective delivery of maternity care.

‘With woman’ is an old term in the English language from which the word ‘midwife’ is derived. The meaning and concept of being ‘with woman’ may be interpreted as providing care and support in a physical, psychological, emotional and spiritual sense. Hunter (2002, p. 650), explored this concept to focus on the ‘presence and support by a caregiver as desired by the labouring woman’. Early on, nurse‐midwife core competencies in America emphasised the importance of human presence with the childbearing woman as a therapeutic and professional philosophy (ACNM 1979). More recently, Bradfield et al.'s (2018a) integrative review of the literature explored the ‘with woman’ phenomena to present an understanding and perspective of this concept. The authors suggest that being ‘with woman’ is an evolutionary construct, which is dynamic and continues to develop, and is fundamental to midwifery practices and professional philosophy.

An integrative review of the literature pertaining to midwives being ‘with woman’ (Bradfield et al. 2018a) suggests that this concept is a developing, integrative construct that is dynamic and ever evolving. Its philosophy underpins midwifery practice to identify and guide it in context, making it contemporary and creating spaces for innovation and further research, enhancing an ever‐growing body of knowledge. ‘With woman’ requires building mutually trusting relationships between the woman, her partner and the midwife and the complexities and challenges that this entails. It needs to take into consideration the expectations and decisions of women in partnership with the midwife. This relationship ‘with woman’ ought to be empowering for both woman and midwife, but sadly women's stories are a disappointing testament to a lack of control in what should be a safe and happy life‐changing event.

The purpose of this textbook is to provide an arena of enquiry and debate for those interested in the concept of being ‘with woman’ in the childbearing context. Recent publications from the Royal College of Midwives (RCM) on Better Births (NHS England 2016a), followed by the implementation of research (NHS England 2017), explored what women want from the childbearing experience. This National Maternity Review (NHS England 2016b) set out a five‐year plan to ensure that NHS maternity services in England are safer and more personal and that women's expectations of the childbearing experience is as close as is reasonably possible. The Better Births vision is to ensure that women are able to build a trusting relationship with their named midwife based on mutual trust and respect in line with the woman's decisions and fulfilling a true philosophy of being ‘with woman’. This can only be achieved through a personal relationship of continuity of carer over the childbearing. Such a relationship has been found to have positive effects on women's birthing experience and safer outcomes for mothers and neonates (Hunter 2009; Dahlberg and Aune 2013; Sandall 2014; Rayment‐Jones et al. 2015).

A national Maternity Transformation Programme (NHS England 2016b) has been created to achieve the Better Births (NHS England 2016a) vision through its implementation and establish transformed maternity services. This is to be achieved by providing consistency of care throughout the antenatal, intrapartum and postnatal periods by a known midwife or obstetrician. The named midwife would take responsibility for coordinated care throughout the childbearing continuum and develop a mutually trusting relationship with the woman and her family. In attempting to fulfil the ‘with woman’ concept, the provision of care will impact on models of midwifery care and how midwives work.

A wide range of literature documents the different models of midwifery care that have underpinned midwifery practice over the past few decades. Much debate has resulted from these publications (Hatem et al. 2008; McLachlan et al. 2012; Walsh and Devane 2012; Tracy et al. 2013; Sandall et al. 2015; Brady et al. 2019; Gidaszewski et al. 2019). The recommendations in the Five Year Forward View for Implementing Better Births: Continuity of Carer (NHS England 2017) suggest two models that could be most effective in promoting this concept: team continuity and case loading. Much of the literature available presents benefits but also highlights the impact that these models of care can have on midwives attempting to delivery maternity services with the capacity to be ‘with woman’ (Leinweber and Rowe 2010; Yoshida and Sandall 2013; Davis and Homer 2016; Bradfield et al. 2018b). Ultimately, the aim is to ensure safe and personalised care to meet all women's needs, whatever their circumstances, through the most effective midwifery model of care. I see the ‘with woman’ concept as the fundamental building block for these recommendations and in a sense it has always been the true philosophy underpinning holistic midwifery practice.

The thread of being ‘with woman’ is explored in each chapter in this textbook through an examination of the literature focused on an aspect or situation in the journey of childbearing women or their neonate. The different chapters explore attributes of the concept to be ‘with woman’ to bring together a more in‐depth understanding, thus generating discussion of what this concept means to women and midwives in differing situations and environments. The aim of each chapter is to illustrate the different attributes of the overall ‘with woman’ concept. The objective is to generate debate and discussion in a classroom or clinical setting to further examine current practice and create a space in which contemporary practice could be developed to inform future midwifery care.

Chapters explore the focused literature for a specific aspect of midwifery care; for example, pregnant women in prison and the maternity care that is available to them. Rodgers' phases of Evolutionary Concept Analysis (1989, Rodgers and Knafl 2000) will be the framework on which each chapter is based to identify attributes of the concept (Foster 2017) and it provides a different perspective from which the evidence can be explored. Integral to each chapter, individual situations will be illustrated with examples from practice. The reality and feasibility of being ‘with woman’ in a variety of situations is illustrated by midwives from their daily clinical experiences. Women are also invited to share their stories, which will help to analyse the concept of interest pertinent to these women's needs and the focus of each specific chapter. An asterisk next to the midwife/woman's name indicates a changed given name to maintain anonymity.

This textbook seeks to present the evidence of ‘with woman’ in different circumstances and viewed from women's and midwives' perspectives, to engender understanding and learning and ensure better births for all women. In addition, I believe that the content will inform and re‐ignite the passion for midwifery, in students and midwives, which sadly has seen a decline in the last two decades. Students engaging with the content will develop reflective skills to successfully inform their knowledge and clinical competence. I hope that the content is relevant to practitioners and those interested in women's position in society, those interested in women's human rights around birth and motherhood and those who strive to promote the legalisation and protection of the midwifery profession.

References

American College of Nurse‐Midwives (1979).

The Core Competencies of Basic Midwifery Practice

. Washington DC: ACNM.

Bradfield, Z., Duggan, R., Hauck, Y., and Kelly, M. (2018a). Midwives being “with woman”: an integrative review.

Women and Birth

31: 143–152.

Bradfield, Z., Kelly, M., Hauck, Y., and Duggan, R. (2018b). Midwives “with woman” in the private obstetric model: where divergent philosophies meet.

Women and Birth

http://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2018.07.013

.

Brady, S., Lee, N., Gibbons, K., and Bogossian, F. (2019). Women‐centred care: an integrative review of the empirical literature.

International Journal of Nursing Studies

94: 107–119.

Dahlberg, U. and Aune, I. (2013). The woman's birth experience‐ the effects of interpersonal relationships and continuity of care.

Midwifery

29: 407–415.

Davis, D.L. and Homer, C.S.E. (2016). Birthplace as the midwife's work place: how does place of birth impact on midwives?

Women and Birth

29: 407–415.

Foster, J. (2017). Using research to advance nursing practice: a guide to concept analysis.

Clinical Nurse Specialist

31 (2): 70–73.

http://www.cns‐journal.com

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Gidaszewski, B., Khajehei, M., Gibbs, E., and Chai Chua, S. (2019). Comparison of the effect of caseload midwifery program and standard midwifery‐led care on pimiparous birth outcomes: a retrospective cohort matching study.

Midwifery

69: 10–16.

Hatem, M., Sandall, J., DeVane, D. et al. (2008). Midwife‐led versus other models of care for childbearing women.

Cochran Database Systematic Review

(4) (Art. No.: CD004667).

Hunter, L.P. (2002). Being with woman: a guiding concept for the care of labouring women.

Journal of Obstetric, Gynaecological and Neonatal Nursing

31: 650–657.

Hunter, L.P. (2009). A descriptive study of “being with woman” during labour and birth.

Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health

54 (2): 111–118.

Leinweber, J. and Rowe, H.J. (2010). The cost of “being with woman”: secondary traumatic stress in midwifery.

Midwifery

26: 76–87.

McLachlan, H.L., Foster, D.A., Davey, M.A. et al. (2012). Effects of continuity of care by a primary midwife (caseload midwifery) on caesarean section rates in women of low obstetric risk: the COSMOS randomised controlled trial.

BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology

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NHS England (2016a). Better Births: Improving outcomes of maternity services in England. A five year forward view for maternity care.

https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp‐content/uploads/2016/02/national‐maternity‐review‐report.pdf

(accessed 23 January 2019).

NHS England (2016b). Maternity Transformation Programme.

https://www.england.nhs.uk/mat‐transformation

(accessed 23 January 2019).

NHS England (2017). Implementing Better Births: Continuity of carer.

https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp‐content/uploads/2017/12/implementing‐better‐births.pdf

(accessed 23 January 2019).

Rayment‐Jones, H., Murrells, T., and Sandall, J. (2015). An investigation of the relationship between the caseload model of midwifery for socially disadvantaged women and childbirth outcomes using routine data–a retrospective, observational study.

Midwifery

31 (4): 409–417.

Rodgers, B.L. (1989). Concepts, analysis and the development of nursing knowledge: the evolutionary cycle.

Journal of Advanced Nursing

14: 330–335.

Rodgers, B.L. and Knafl, K.A. (2000).

Concept Development in Nursing: Foundations, Techniques and Applications

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Sandall, J. (2014). The contribution of continuity of midwifery care to high quality maternity care. London: The Royal College of Midwives [online].

www.rcm.org.uk/sites/default/files/Continuity%20of%20Care%20A5%20Web.pdf

(accessed 23 January 2019).

Sandall, J., Soltani, H., Gate, S. et al. (2015). Midwife‐led continuity models versus other models of care for childbearing.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

(8):

https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004667.pub5

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Tracy, S.K., Hartz, D.L., Tracy, M.B. et al. (2013). Caselaod midwifery care versus standard maternity care for women of any risk: M@NGO, a randomised controlled trial.

The Lancet

23 (382): 1723–1732.

Walsh, D. and Devane, D. (2012). A metasynthesis of midwife‐led care.

Qualitative Health Research

22 (7): 897.

Yoshida, Y. and Sandall, J. (2013). Occupational burnout and work factors in community and hospital midwives: a survey analysis.

Midwifery

29: 921–926.

Foreword

I am delighted to welcome you to this essential text: Better Births: The Midwife ‘with Woman’. I know the passion and dedication shown by the Lead Author and Editor, Dr Anna M. Brown as I have been fortunate to work with her for many (nearly 20) years! Many of the other authors are also colleagues and practice partners which gives me a real sense of pride in the enthusiasm shown by the clinicians who I work alongside.

The introductory chapter sets the scene clearly for the focus of the book, detailing the stories from Midwives on being ‘with women.’ The importance of sharing our experiences is paramount in supporting the learning and reflection of our colleagues, students and the generation of professionals. Indeed, the voice of women also comes through clearly; thank you to all those who have shared their personal experiences of pregnancy and birth, your courage and honesty will support learning for the profession.

I would personally like to thank the contributors of this book as I know it will form a valuable resource for all who access it. I look forward to seeing our Surrey students ‘thumbing’ through it, knowing that it is being opened more widely across the next generation of this vibrant group of professionals.

Professor Melaine CowardHead of School, School of Health Sciences, University of SurreyInterim Executive Dean, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences