Bio-Ceramics with Clinical Applications E-Book

Maria Vallet-Regi

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 977

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2014

Beschreibung

This publication offers a unique approach that links the materials science of bioceramics to clinical needs and applications.

Providing a structured account of this highly active area of research, the book reviews the clinical applications in bone tissue engineering, bone regeneration, joint replacement, drug-delivery systems and biomimetism, this book is an ideal resource for materials scientists and engineers, as well as for clinicians.

From the contents:

Part I Introduction

1. Bioceramics
2. Biomimetics

Part II Materials

3. Calcium Phosphate Bioceramics
4. Silica-based Ceramics: Glasses
5. Silica-based Ceramics: Mesoporous Silica
6. Alumina, Zirconia, and Other Non-oxide Inert Bioceramics
7. Carbon-based Materials in Biomedicine

Part III Material Shaping

8. Cements
9. Bioceramic Coatings for Medical Implants
10. Scaffold Designing

Part IV Research on Future Ceramics

11. Bone Biology and Regeneration
12. Ceramics for Drug Delivery
13. Ceramics for Gene Transfection
14. Ceramic Nanoparticles for Cancer Treatment

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Cover

Title Page

Copyright

List of Contributors

Preface

Part I: Introduction

Chapter 1: Bioceramics

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Reactivity of the Bioceramics

1.3 First, Second, and Third Generations of Bioceramics

1.4 Multidisciplinary Field

1.5 Solutions for Bone Repairing

1.6 Biomedical Engineering

Recommended Reading

Chapter 2: Biomimetics

2.1 Biomimetics

2.2 Formation of Hard Tissues

2.3 Biominerals versus Biomaterials

Recommended Reading

Part II: Materials

Chapter 3: Calcium Phosphate Bioceramics

3.1 History of Calcium Phosphate Biomaterials

3.2 Generalities of Calcium Phosphates

3.3

In vivo

Response of Calcium Phosphate Bioceramics

3.4 Calcium Hydroxyapatite-Based Bioceramics

3.5 Tricalcium Phosphate-Based Bioceramics

3.6 Biphasic Calcium Phosphates (BCP)

3.7 Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles

3.8 Calcium Phosphate Advanced Biomaterials

References

Chapter 4: Silica-based Ceramics: Glasses

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Glasses as Biomaterials

4.3 Increasing the Bioactivity of Glasses: New Methods of Synthesis

4.4 Strengthening and Adding New Capabilities to Bioactive Glasses

4.5 Non-silicate Glasses

4.6 Clinical Applications of Glasses

Recommended Reading

Chapter 5: Silica-based Ceramics: Mesoporous Silica

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Discovery of Ordered Mesoporous Silicas

5.3 Synthesis of Ordered Mesoporous Silicas

5.4 Mechanisms of Mesostructure Formation

5.5 Tuning the Structural Properties of Mesoporous Silicas

5.6 Structural Characterization of Mesoporous Silicas

5.7 Synthesis of Spherical Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles

5.8 Organic Functionalization of Ordered Mesoporous Silicas

References

Chapter 6: Alumina, Zirconia, and Other Non-oxide Inert Bioceramics

6.1 A Perspective on the Clinical Application of Alumina and Zirconia

6.2 Novel Strategies Based on Alumina and Zirconia Ceramics

6.3 Non-oxidized Ceramics

References

Chapter 7: Carbon-based Materials in Biomedicine

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Carbon Allotropes

7.3 Carbon Compounds

References

Part III: Material Shaping

Chapter 8: Cements

Abbreviations

Glossary

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Calcium Phosphate Cements

8.3 Applications

8.4 Future Trends

8.5 Conclusions

References

Chapter 9: Bioceramic Coatings for Medical Implants

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Methods to Modify the Surface of an Implant

9.3 Bioactive Ceramic Coatings

9.4 Bioinert Ceramic Coatings

References

Chapter 10: Scaffold Designing

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Essential Requirements for Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds

10.3 Scaffold Processing Techniques

References

Part IV: Research on Future Ceramics

Chapter 11: Bone Biology and Regeneration

11.1 Introduction

11.2 The Skeleton

11.3 Bone Remodeling

11.4 Bone Cells

11.5 Bone Extracellular Matrix

11.6 Bone Diseases

11.7 Bone Mechanics

11.8 Bone Tissue Regeneration

11.9 Conclusions

References

Chapter 12: Ceramics for Drug Delivery

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Drug Delivery

12.3 Drug Delivery from Calcium Phosphates

12.4 Drug Delivery from Silica-based Ceramics

12.5 Drug Delivery from Carbon Nanotubes

12.6 Drug Delivery from Ceramic Coatings

References

Chapter 13: Ceramics for Gene Transfection

13.1 Gene Transfection

13.2 Gene Transfection Based on Nonviral Vectors

13.3 Ceramic Nanoparticles for Gene Transfection

References

Chapter 14: Ceramic Nanoparticles for Cancer Treatment

14.1 Delivery of Nanocarriers to Solid Tumors

14.2 Ceramic Nanoparticle Pharmacokinetics in Cancer Treatment

14.3 Cancer-targeted Therapy

14.4 Ceramic Nanoparticles for Cancer Treatment

14.5 Imaging and Theranostic Applications

References

Index

End User License Agreement

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Guide

Cover

Table of Contents

Preface

Part I: Introduction

List of Illustrations

Figure 1.1

Figure 1.2

Figure 1.3

Figure 1.4

Figure 1.5

Figure 1.6

Figure 1.7

Figure 1.8

Figure 1.9

Figure 1.10

Figure 1.11

Figure 2.1

Figure 2.2

Figure 2.3

Figure 2.4

Figure 2.5

Figure 3.1

Figure 3.2

Figure 3.3

Figure 3.4

Figure 3.5

Figure 3.6

Figure 3.7

Figure 3.8

Figure 3.9

Figure 3.10

Figure 3.11

Figure 3.12

Figure 3.13

Figure 3.14

Figure 3.15

Figure 3.16

Figure 3.17

Figure 3.18

Figure 3.19

Figure 3.20

Figure 3.21

Figure 3.22

Figure 4.1

Figure 4.2

Figure 4.3

Figure 4.4

Figure 4.5

Figure 4.6

Figure 4.7

Figure 4.8

Figure 4.9

Figure 4.10

Figure 4.11

Figure 4.12

Figure 4.13

Figure 4.14

Figure 4.15

Figure 4.16

Figure 4.17

Figure 4.18

Figure 4.19

Figure 5.1

Figure 5.2

Figure 5.3

Figure 5.4

Figure 5.5

Figure 5.6

Figure 5.7

Figure 5.8

Figure 5.9

Figure 5.10

Figure 5.11

Figure 5.12

Figure 5.13

Figure 5.14

Figure 5.15

Figure 5.16

Figure 5.17

Figure 6.1

Figure 6.2

Figure 6.3

Figure 6.4

Figure 6.5

Figure 7.1

Figure 7.2

Figure 7.3

Figure 7.4

Figure 7.5

Figure 7.6

Figure 8.1

Figure 8.2

Figure 8.3

Figure 8.4

Figure 8.5

Figure 8.6

Figure 8.7

Figure 8.8

Figure 8.9

Figure 8.10

Figure 8.11

Figure 8.12

Figure 8.13

Figure 8.14

Figure 8.15

Figure 8.16

Figure 9.1

Figure 9.2

Figure 9.3

Figure 9.4

Figure 9.5

Figure 9.6

Figure 9.7

Figure 9.8

Figure 9.9

Figure 9.10

Figure 9.11

Figure 10.1

Figure 10.2

Figure 10.3

Figure 10.4

Figure 10.5

Figure 10.7

Figure 10.6

Figure 10.8

Figure 10.9

Figure 10.10

Figure 10.11

Figure 10.12

Figure 11.1

Figure 11.2

Figure 11.3

Figure 11.4

Figure 11.5

Figure 11.6

Figure 11.7

Figure 11.8

Figure 11.9

Figure 11.10

Figure 11.11

Figure 11.12

Figure 11.13

Figure 12.1

Figure 12.2

Figure 12.3

Figure 12.4

Figure 12.5

Figure 12.6

Figure 12.7

Figure 13.1

Figure 13.2

Figure 13.3

Figure 13.4

Figure 14.1

Figure 14.2

Figure 14.3

Figure 14.4

Figure 14.5

Figure 14.6

List of Tables

Table 3.1

Table 3.2

Table 3.3

Table 3.4

Table 3.5

Table 3.6

Table 4.1

Table 5.1

Table 6.1

Table 6.2

Table 8.1

Table 8.2

Table 8.3

Table 8.4

Table 8.5

Table 8.6

Table 8.7

Table 8.8

Table 8.9

Table 10.1

Table 10.2

Table 11.1

Table 11.2

Table 12.1

Bioceramics with Clinical Applications

Edited by

María Vallet-Regí

This edition first published 2014

© 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Bioceramics with clinical applications / edited by Maria Vallet-Regi.

pages cm

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-1-118-40675-5 (cloth)

1. Ceramics in medicine. 2. Biomedical materials. I. Vallet-Regi, Maria, editor of compilation.

R857.C4B5534 2014

610.28'4—dc23

2013049091

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

ISBN: 9781118406755 (Cloth)

List of Contributors

Daniel Arcos

, Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain

and

CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain

Alejandro Baeza

, Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia,Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain

and

CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain

M. Victoria Cabañas

, Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain

Oscar Castaño

, Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Spain

and

CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain

and

Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC), Spain

Montserrat Colilla

, Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain

and

CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain

Elisabeth Engel

, Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Spain

and

Department of Materials Science, Technical University of Catalonia, Spain

and

Biomedical Research Networking center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain

Blanca González

, Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain

and

CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain

Isabel Izquierdo-Barba

, Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain

and

CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain

Miguel Manzano

, Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain

and

CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain

Juan Peña López

, Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain

Soledad Pérez-Amodio

, Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Spain

and

Biomedical Research Networking center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Spain

Josep A. Planell

, Biomaterials for Regenerative Therapies, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Spain

and

CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain

and

Open University of Catalonia (UOC), Spain

Antonio J. Salinas

, Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain

and

CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain

María Vallet-Regí

, Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain

and

CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain

Mercedes Vila

, Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain

and

CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN)

Preface

What do I intend with this book? What do I want to convey to the readers? Who is going to be interested? Why have I chosen this organization of the contents?

All these questions have arisen before and during the writing of this book. In fact, the initial contents list has been modified a few times during the almost two years of this adventure.

One of my first targets is to stimulate interest in bioceramics and provide the tools for their development and commercialization with biomedical applications. This book aims to give a clear view of bioceramics, and tries to do it in such a way that the reader realizes that there is plenty still to be learned, as reflected in the book.

This book was born as a consequence of a kind invitation from Rebecca Stubbs, Senior Commissioning Editor at Wiley-Blackwell. At the start I had many doubts about editing a book and I let Rebecca know about it. However, her proposal made my head think about it, because undoubtedly it was a proposition that my heart could not reject, although common sense was telling me to stop. As you can see, finally, I became fully involved in this adventure of editing a book about bioceramics, which has been the central topic of my research and academic activities during the last 20 years. I wanted to write it with the senior members of my research team and a couple of friends who have also been working for a long time in this area, coordinated closely by myself to produce a textbook accessible to those uninitiated in this area, not simply a collection of chapters that are not integrated and coordinated in a single literary work. Of course, I also wanted to produce a book in which experts could go straight to the chapter in which they are interested without the necessity of reading the whole book. You, my friends the readers, will let me know if I have succeeded.

In the last two decades, Biomaterials has been incorporated into the studies of several universities. Beyond research activities, Master's courses, and PhD studies, this subject is also included in different degrees, such as Materials Engineering, Pharmacy, and so on. Bioceramics is one of the main topics in Biomaterials. In the last decade, the efforts of many groups involved in this new research area have led to new bioceramics and, in some recent cases, clinical applications. However, there is no text book dealing with the subjects proposed above in a complete way. This book will provide important information concerning the synthesis and characterization of bioceramics, aimed to be helpful for all those researchers involved in this field. I will pay special attention to explaining the relationship between the synthesis processes and the subsequent clinical applications, in an attempt to help students in the development of the new ideas framed in these topics.

The book has been divided into four parts:

Introduction

Materials

Material Shaping

Research on Future Ceramics

In the first part there is a general view of bioceramics, highlighting their reactivity and possibilities to regenerate bone, within a multidisciplinary context and especially nowadays in biomedical engineering. In the second chapter I give general and basic ideas of biomimetics. In both chapters there is a list of recommended reading to increase the reader's knowledge of these ideas.

Part II deals with the study of materials to fabricate bioceramics: from calcium phosphates, treated in Chapter 3; glasses, Chapter 4; and silica mesoporous materials, Chapter 5; up to inert bioceramics, described in Chapters 6 and 7.

Part III describes diverse possibilities of materials shaping. Thus, Chapter 8 deals with cements, Chapter 9 with coatings, and Chapter 10 with scaffolds fabricated as fibers, foams, or three-dimensional pieces.

Finally, Part IV tries to give a vision of new bioceramics still under research, some with future applications that are almost ready for commercialization, others needing a long time to come to market. It starts with an in-depth review of bone biology to be able to relate it to bone regeneration. This is followed by a chapter dedicated to ceramics for drug delivery, Chapter 12; another for gene transfection, Chapter 13; and, finally, Chapter 14 is dedicated to ceramic nanoparticles for cancer treatment.

This book will probably be read by a great community of researchers involved both in the academic and commercial world, such as materials engineers, chemical engineers, chemists, biologists, physicists, medical doctors, and so on. Amongst people from the academic community, undergraduates will have the chance of a first contact with top class research in the world of bioceramics and they might be motivated to start their scientific career in this topic. Postgraduates will have the opportunity to discover the important milestones in bioceramics and their application to biomedicine. Post-docs and senior researchers will use this book as the basis to start building their research. In this way, this book can be both an introductory and an advanced tool for academic researchers involved in the topic of bioceramics. As a second audience we could find medical doctors with further interest in implantable materials, and different companies interested in commercializing bioceramics with clinical applications.

I want to finish this preface by acknowledging Wiley editorial and Sarah Tilley, Senior Project Editor, for giving me the opportunity to editing this book, which collects my work in academia and research during the last 20 years, and also for giving their comprehensive technical support. Likewise, I want to express my greatest thanks to Dr. Fernando Conde, Pilar Cabañas, and Jose Manuel Moreno for their assistance during the elaboration of this manuscript. And, of course, I want to thank you, the reader of this book. I would love it to be useful to you to go forward in this passionate world of bioceramics, which undoubtedly can be of great usefulness in the society in which we live, helping in the health area and giving a better quality of life to everybody who could benefit from our research.

Now, my work as editor ends, in a book that I was always temped to write, but would never have had the guts to do it without the motivation of Rebecca. I am fully aware that some of the content of this book will be old in a few years, even before this book sees the light for the first time. This is only a small indication of the intensive and good research work carried out in the area of bioceramics, where the advance is constant and systematic. I wish that important solutions will be found and I also wish there will be companies brave enough to put them into practice in clinical applications.

And now, it is time for you, my dear reader, to enjoy the book, wishing from my heart that you like it and that it will be useful for you.

María Vallet-Regí

Part I

Introduction

Chapter 1Bioceramics

María Vallet-Regí

Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain

1.1 Introduction

Ceramic materials are important sources of biomaterials for applications in biomedical engineering. Those ceramics intended to be in contact with living tissues are called bioceramics, and have experienced great development in the last 50 years. The medical needs of an increasingly aging population have driven a great deal of research work looking for new materials for the manufacture of implants. These are used to regenerate and repair living tissues damaged by disease or trauma. For specific clinical applications, mainly in orthopedics and dentistry, bioceramics are playing a key role.

In general, ceramics are inorganic materials with a combination of ionic and covalent bonding. The use of new ceramic materials represents an evolution of many aspects of mankind history. Many millennia ago, the possibility to store grains in ceramic receptacles allowed man to become a settler instead of a nomad hunter. Some centuries ago, the use of structural ceramics also brought great advances in the quality of life of man with the possibility of making clay bricks and tiles. Decades ago, ceramics produced a new revolution in the human way of life, with the development of functional ceramics in dielectrics, semiconductors, magnets, piezoelectrics, high temperature superconductors, and so on. In addition, ceramics have played an important role in improving the quality and length of human life through their use in biomaterials and medical devices.