Bipolar Disorder E-Book

Robert P. Reiser

• Herausgeber: Hogrefe Publishing
• Kategorie: Geisteswissenschaft
• Serie: Advances in Psychotherapy - Evidence-Based Practice
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 276

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2018

Beschreibung

An extensively updated new edition of the highly acclaimed guide to treatment of bipolar disorder, incorporating the latest research on psychosocial treatments and clear medication management guidelines. This extensively updated new edition of the acclaimed book integrates empirical research from the last 10 years to provide clear and up-to-date guidance on the assessment and effective treatment of bipolar disorder. The expert authors, a team of psychotherapists and medical practitioners, begin by describing the main features of bipolar disorder based on DSM-5 and ICD-10 criteria. Current theories and models are described, along with decision trees for evaluating the best treatment options. They then outline a systematic, integrated, and empirically supported treatment approach involving structured, directive therapy that is collaborative and client-centered. This edition includes completely updated medication management guidelines in the form of very concise and user friendly tables. Special considerations, including managing suicide risk, substance misuse, and medication nonadherence, are also addressed. This compact, stand-alone resource aims to help psychotherapists, psychologists, medical and psychiatric practitioners, and nurses deliver the highest standards of care for people with bipolar disorder.

Leseprobe

Bipolar Disorder

2nd edition

Robert P. Reiser

University of California, San Francisco, CA

Larry W. Thompson

Stanford University, Stanford, CA

Sheri L. Johnson

University of California, Berkeley, CA

Trisha Suppes

Stanford University, Stanford, CA

About the Authors

Robert P. Reiser, PhD, is a cognitive behavioral therapist in private practice focusing on treatment of individuals and families with serious mental illness and a Fellow of the Academy of Cognitive Therapy. He supervises graduate clinicians in training and provides workshops, consultation, and technical assistance with a goal of improving treatment of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia in community mental health settings. Dr. Reiser currently works as a consultant with the Felton Institute in San Francisco providing supervision and training for clinicians and case managers using cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis (CBT-P), and supervises medical residents at the University of California, San Francisco in the Department of Psychiatry.

Larry W. Thompson, PhD, received his doctorate from Florida State University in 1961. Since then he has held the rank of Professor at three universities, Duke University, University of Southern California, and Stanford University. Dr. Thompson’s recent interests have focused on the problems and issues involved in transporting evidenced-based psychotherapeutic interventions from the research laboratory into community settings.

Sheri L. Johnson, PhD, is Professor of Psychology at the University of California Berkeley, and the Director of the Cal Mania (CALM) team. She has published over 200 manuscripts and five books. Her research has focused on psychological aspects of bipolar disorder for the past twenty years, with funding from the National Alliance for Research in Schizophrenia and Depression (NARSAD) and from the National Institute of Mental Health.

Trisha Suppes, MD, PhD, is Professor at Stanford University in the School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Director of the Bipolar and Depression Research Program at Palo Alto Veterans Affairs. Her research focuses on improving diagnoses, treatment, and best care practices for patients with bipolar disorder and depression. Recent work includes exploring the biological basis of mood disorders and personalized approaches to treatment.

Advances in Psychotherapy – Evidence-Based Practice

Series Editor

Danny Wedding, PhD, MPH, School of Medicine, American University of Antigua, St. Georges, Antigua

Associate Editors

Larry Beutler, PhD, Professor, Palo Alto University / Pacific Graduate School of Psychology, Palo Alto, CA

Kenneth E. Freedland, PhD, Professor of Psychiatry and Psychology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO

Linda C. Sobell, PhD, ABPP, Professor, Center for Psychological Studies, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL

David A. Wolfe, PhD, RBC Chair in Children’s Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, ON

The basic objective of this series is to provide therapists with practical, evidence-based treatment guidance for the most common disorders seen in clinical practice – and to do so in a reader-friendly manner. Each book in the series is both a compact “how-to” reference on a particular disorder for use by professional clinicians in their daily work and an ideal educational resource for students as well as for practice-oriented continuing education.

The most important feature of the books is that they are practical and easy to use: All are structured similarly and all provide a compact and easy-to-follow guide to all aspects that are relevant in real-life practice. Tables, boxed clinical “pearls,” marginal notes, and summary boxes assist orientation, while checklists provide tools for use in daily practice.

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication information for the print version of this book is available via the Library of Congress Marc Database under the Library of Congress Control Number 2016956063

Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication

Reiser, Robert P., author

Bipolar disorder / Robert P. Reiser (University of California, San Francisco, CA), Larry W. Thompson (Stanford University, Stanford, CA), Sheri L. Johnson (University of California, Berkeley, CA), Trisha Suppes (Stanford University, Stanford, CA). -- 2nd edition.

(Advances in psychotherapy--evidence-based practice ; v. 1)

Includes bibliographical references.

Issued in print and electronic formats.

ISBN 978-0-88937-410-2 (paperback).--ISBN 978-1-61676-410-4 (pdf).-- ISBN 978-1-61334-410-1 (epub)

1. Manic-depressive illness. I. Thompson, Larry W., author II. Johnson, Sheri L., author III. Suppes, Trisha, author IV. Title. V. Series: Advances in psychotherapy--evidence-based practice ; v. 1

RC516.R45 2016

616.89’5

C2016-906770-X

C2016-906771-8

© 2017 by Hogrefe Publishing

http://www.hogrefe.com

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Cover image based on photo © KatarzynaBialasiewicz – iStock.com

Format: EPUB

ISBN 978-0-88937-410-2 (print) • ISBN 978-1-61676-410-4 (PDF) • ISBN 978-1-61334-410-1 (EPUB)

http://doi.org/10.1027/00410-000

Citability: This EPUB includes page numbering between two vertical lines (Example: |1|) that corresponds to the page numbering of the print and PDF ebook versions of the title.

|v|Preface

In the 10 years since our first edition, interest has continued to grow in the psychosocial treatment of bipolar disorder. A number of new randomized clinical trials have been completed. In the preface of our first edition we noted that, despite the substantial evidence supporting several psychological treatment approaches for bipolar disorder, these treatments were often not used by practitioners. Unfortunately, even with better treatment resources available, a wide gap remains between effective evidence-based treatments and the actual standard of care delivered in the community. The present state of affairs remains consistent with the picture presented in the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) white paper on research in mood disorders more than 10 years ago, which summarized that only about 10% of the treatments for depression (a far more common mood disorder) meet the standard guidelines for evidence-based care. This need not be the case. There is a wealth of research and treatment information available, and we aim to make this readily accessible to the individual practitioner. We seek to provide updated practical guidance for an evidence-based treatment of bipolar disorder while trying to avoid an overly narrow or complex approach. We have also attempted to address important problems likely to be encountered with the more challenging patients often seen in treatment settings such as community mental health clinics. We aim to provide the practitioner with an evidence-based, comprehensive, integrated approach to the treatment of bipolar disorder that is practical, easily accessible, and can be readily applied in clinical practice.

Assumptions for Use of this Book

This book presents a psychosocial treatment approach that does not substitute for standard psychiatric care. The treatment program presented here is designed to provide supplemental treatment for individuals who are receiving standard psychiatric care and medication management. Medical treatment should be a requirement of participation in any psychosocial treatment program, and, in most cases, patients with bipolar disorder will need to be on medication. Providing psychotherapy to patients with bipolar disorder without psychiatric care presents a serious risk and is contraindicated in most cases.

|vi|Acknowledgments

The first two authors wish to thank The Health Trust, a nonprofit foundation in San Jose, California, that generously supported their work with bipolar disorder for two years. Robert Reiser dedicates this book to honor and keep alive the memory of Tony Masini, a young psychologist who cared for people with serious emotional disorders and was a passionate advocate and spokesperson. All book royalties from the first author will be donated to NAMI. He also wishes to acknowledge the generous contributions of ongoing supervision, assistance, and mentorship of Monica Basco and the initial project support from Ellen Frank. Larry Thompson wishes to acknowledge the value of his wife’s ongoing love and support. We are also indebted to our patients and our students who have been our best teachers. Sheri Johnson dedicates this book to her partner, Daniel Rose. Trisha Suppes dedicates this book to her two daughters Rebecca Ann and Kaegan Lee, and to the many wonderful teachers and mentors that have made her journey possible.

Robert P. Reiser

Larry W. Thompson

Sheri L. Johnson

Trisha Suppes

Contents

Preface

Assumptions for Use of this Book

Acknowledgments

1 Description

1.1 Terminology

1.2 Definition

1.2.1 Additional Considerations in the Classification and Diagnosis of Bipolar Disorders

1.3 Epidemiology

1.4 Course and Prognosis

1.5 Differential Diagnosis

1.5.1 Major Depressive Disorders

1.5.2 Substance-Induced/Medication-Induced Bipolar and Related Disorder

1.5.3 Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder

1.5.4  Psychotic Disorders

1.5.5 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

1.5.6 Personality Disorders

1.5.7 Medical Illness

1.6 Co-Occurring Psychiatric and Medical Disorders

1.7 Diagnostic Procedures and Assessment Tools

1.7.1 Assessment of Mania

1.7.2 Assessment of Bipolar Depression

1.8 Implications for Clinical Practice

2 Theories and Models of Bipolar Disorder

2.1 Biologically Based Disease Models

2.2 Psychoeducation

2.3 Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy

2.4 Family-Based Treatment

2.5 Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment

3 Diagnosis and Treatment Indications

3.1 Decision Tree for Determining Optimal Treatments

3.1.1 Treatment Options for Young Adults

3.1.2 Treatment Options for Potentially Self-Damaging Behaviors

3.1.3 Treatment Options for Repeated Episodes of Mania/Hypomania Despite Medication Adherence

3.1.4 Treatment Options for Poor Recognition of Symptoms

3.1.5 Treatment Options for Persistent Subsyndromal Depression

4 Treatment

4.1 Biological Approaches to Treatment

4.2 Psychosocial Approaches to Treatment

4.2.1 Structure and Course of Psychosocial Treatment

4.2.2 The Initial Phase of Treatment: Orientation and Engagement

4.2.3 The Middle Phase of Treatment: Skill Building – Filling the Tool Box

4.2.4 The Final Phase: Maintaining Treatment Gains

4.3 Family-Focused Treatment

4.4 Self-Help Approaches and the Recovery Model

4.4.1 Combating Social Stigma

4.4.2 The Role of Self-Help and Support Groups

4.5 Mechanisms of Action of Psychosocial Approaches

4.6 Efficacy and Prognosis of Psychosocial Approaches

4.7 Problems in Carrying Out Treatment

4.7.1 Addressing Manic Symptoms in Session

4.7.2 Suicide Risk Assessment and Management

4.7.3 Improving Treatment Adherence

4.7.4 Treatment of Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorders

4.8 Summary

5 Further Reading

6 References

7 Appendix: Tools and Resources

Treatment Agreement

Checklist for Session Agenda

Activity Schedule

Activity Log – Daily List of Healthy Behaviors

Mood Chart Adapted From Basco and Rush (2007)

Identifying Signs of Depression or Mania

Identifying Early, Middle, and Late Signs of Depression or Mania

“Unhelpful Thought Record” – Weighing the Evidence

Coping and Wellness Plan

Self-Help Resources

Books

Websites

|1|1Description

|18|2Theories and Models of Bipolar Disorder

Here we focus on the background for effectively explaining BD within a therapeutic framework, using models that have received strong research support. We begin with a discussion of the biological basis of BD. We then provide an overview of the model and rationale for the following treatment approaches:

Psychoeducation

Interpersonal and social rhythm treatment

Family-based treatment

Cognitive-behavioral treatment

Theories and strategies of psychological treatments of BD overlap considerably. For example, psychoeducation can be found in every treatment approach (Miklowitz, Goodwin, Bauer, & Geddes, 2008). Although BD has a strong genetic basis, the course of the disorder across individuals and over time is highly varied. This suggests that variables above and beyond the innate vulnerability are contributing to fluctuations in symptoms. Drawing on this, most psychosocial treatment models of BD emphasize a combined diathesis (vulnerability) plus stress (environmental) approach. That is, in the context of biological vulnerability, people with BD may be particularly vulnerable to environmental and psychological factors as symptom triggers. As with other recurrent episodic disorders, such as depression, it is important to identify risk factors that may trigger new episodes, as well as protective factors. The treatments described here provide a toolkit for understanding and addressing how various risk factors can be addressed, including interpersonal, social rhythm, family, behavioral, and cognitive factors. At this stage, there is limited evidence that allows the practitioner to select the optimal treatment approach from these various models on a purely empirical basis. We encourage practitioners to consider the personal relevance of these treatment approaches for each individual.

2.1 Biologically Based Disease Models