Building AI Applications with OpenAI APIs E-Book

Martin Yanev

• Herausgeber: Packt Publishing
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 343

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2024

Beschreibung

Unlock the power of AI in your applications with ChatGPT with this practical guide that shows you how to seamlessly integrate OpenAI APIs into your projects, enabling you to navigate complex APIs and ensure seamless functionality with ease.
This new edition is updated with key topics such as OpenAI Embeddings, which’ll help you understand the semantic relationships between words and phrases. You’ll find out how to use ChatGPT, Whisper, and DALL-E APIs through 10 AI projects using the latest OpenAI models, GPT-3.5, and GPT-4, with Visual Studio Code as the IDE. Within these projects, you’ll integrate ChatGPT with frameworks and tools such as Flask, Django, Microsoft Office APIs, and PyQt. You’ll get to grips with NLP tasks, build a ChatGPT clone, and create an AI code bug-fixing SaaS app. The chapters will also take you through speech recognition, text-to-speech capabilities, language translation, generating email replies, creating PowerPoint presentations, and fine-tuning ChatGPT, along with adding payment methods by integrating the ChatGPT API with Stripe.
By the end of this book, you’ll be able to develop, deploy, and monetize your own groundbreaking applications by harnessing the full potential of ChatGPT APIs.

Leseprobe

Building AI Applications with OpenAI APIs

Leverage ChatGPT, Whisper, and DALL-E APIs to build 10 innovative AI projects

Martin Yanev

Building AI Applications with OpenAI APIs

Copyright © 2024 Packt Publishing

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First published: September 2023

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ISBN 978-1-83588-400-3

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To my sister, Petya Yaneva, whose encouragement and guidance in learning coding have been invaluable to my journey. To my lifelong friend and colleague, Petar Dimov, whose enduring friendship has been a source of ideas, motivation, and positivity, always supporting me through every challenge.

– Martin Yanev

Contributors

About the author

Martin Yanev is a highly accomplished software engineer with a wealth of expertise spanning diverse industries, including aerospace and medical technology. With an illustrious career of over eight years, Martin has carved a niche for himself in developing and seamlessly integrating cutting-edge software solutions for critical domains such as air traffic control and chromatography systems.

Renowned as an esteemed instructor and a computer science professor at Fitchburg State University, Martin has empowered an impressive global community of over 280,000 students. His instructional prowess shines through as he imparts knowledge and guidance, leveraging his extensive proficiency in frameworks such as Flask, Django, pytest, and TensorFlow. Possessing a deep understanding of the complete spectrum of OpenAI APIs, Martin exhibits mastery in constructing, training, and fine-tuning AI systems.

Martin’s commitment to excellence is exemplified by his dual master’s degrees in aerospace systems and software engineering. This remarkable academic achievement underscores his unwavering dedication to both the practical and theoretical facets of the industry. With his exceptional track record and multifaceted skill set, Martin continues to propel innovation and drive transformative advancements in the ever-evolving landscape of software engineering.

About the reviewer

Alok Jain is a seasoned IT professional with over 20 years of hands-on experience in various roles, including architect, full-stack engineer, cloud engineer, and machine learning engineer. He has worked with federal agencies, the banking industry, and insurance companies in the past. His expertise includes digital modernization and applied generative AI solutions. He holds an engineering degree from the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur. Alok is also the author of a book on time management and a book on Java.

Table of Contents

Preface

Part 1: Getting Started with OpenAI APIs

1

Getting Started with the ChatGPT API for NLP Tasks

Technical requirements

The ChatGPT revolution

Using ChatGPT from the web

Creating an OpenAI account

ChatGPT web interface

Getting started with the ChatGPT API

Obtaining an API key

API tokens and pricing

Setting up your Python development environment

Installing Python and the VSCode IDE

Setting up a Python virtual environment

The pip package installer

A simple ChatGPT API response

Summary

2

Building a ChatGPT Clone

Technical requirements

Creating a ChatGPT clone with Flask

Frontend HTML generation

Enhancing the ChatGPT clone design

Intercepting ChatGPT API endpoints

ChatGPT clone conversation retention

Summary

Part 2: Build Web Applications with ChatGPT API

3

Creating and Deploying a Code Bug-Fixing Application Using Flask

Technical requirements

Performing multiple ChatGPT API requests

Setting up the Code Bug Fixer project

Implementing the Code Bug Fixer backend

Using text areas and containers

Testing the Code Bug Fixer app

Deploying the ChatGPT app to the Azure cloud

Summary

4

Integrating the Code Bug-Fixing Application with a Payment Service

Technical requirements

Introducing and integrating payments with Stripe

Setting up a SQL user database

Initializing a SQL database

Getting a browser fingerprint ID

Tracking application users

Implementing the usage counters

Adding payments to a ChatGPT application

Building the payments page

Confirming user payments

Summary

5

Quiz Generation App with ChatGPT and Django

Technical requirements

Building a Django project

Creating the exam app frame and views

Connecting Django views and URLs

Developing Django templates

Running your Django application

Integrating ChatGPT and Django for quiz generation

Building the quiz generation text area and the submit button

Creating ChatGPT API views with Django

Storing and downloading generated quizzes

Saving the quizzes in a SQLite database

Building the download quiz view

Designing the download template

Summary

Part 3: ChatGPT, DALL-E, and Whisper APIs for Desktop Apps Development

6

Language Translation Desktop App with the ChatGPT API and Microsoft Word

Technical requirements

Integrating the ChatGPT API with Microsoft Office

Building a user interface with Tkinter

Integrating Microsoft Word text with the ChatGPT API

Translating Word text with gpt-3.5-turbo

Summary

7

Building an Outlook Email Reply Generator

Technical requirements

Passing Outlook data to the ChatGPT API

Setting up the Outlook app

Accessing email data with the win32com client

Generating automatic email replies

Summary

8

Essay Generation Tool with PyQt and the ChatGPT API

Technical requirements

Building a desktop application with PyQT

Setting up the essay generation tool project

Building the application GUI with PyQt

Creating essay generation methods with the ChatGPT API

Controlling the ChatGPT API tokens

Summary

9

Integrating the ChatGPT and DALL-E APIs: Building an End-to-End PowerPoint Presentation Generator

Technical requirements

Using the DALL-E API

Building PowerPoint applications with the PPTX Python framework

Generating art with the DALL-E API

Finalizing and testing the PowerPoint Presentation Generator

Summary

10

Speech Recognition and Text-to-Speech with the Whisper API

Technical requirements

Implementing text translation and transcription with the Whisper API

Building a voice transcription application

Using PyDub for longer audio inputs

Summary

Part 4: Advanced Concepts for Powering ChatGPT Apps

11

Choosing the Right ChatGPT API Model

Technical requirements

ChatGPT API models – GPT-3.5, GPT-4, and beyond

Using chat completion parameters

ChatGPT API rate limits

OpenAI embeddings

Summary

12

Fine-Tuning ChatGPT to Create Unique API Models

Technical requirements

Fine-tuning ChatGPT and dataset preparation

Building and using the fine-tuned model

Summary

Index

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Part 1:Getting Started with OpenAI APIs

In the first part, encompassing two chapters, the focus is on providing a comprehensive overview of ChatGPT and its significance for Natural Language Processing (NLP). We will discuss the fundamentals of ChatGPT, exploring its impact and usage in web applications, as well as introducing readers to the ChatGPT API. This part shows the process of building a ChatGPT clone, which is a chatbot that utilizes OpenAI’s language model to generate human-like responses to user input and retains the conversation history. The application will be built using Flask, a lightweight web framework for Python.

This part has the following chapters:

Chapter 1, Getting Started with the ChatGPT API for NLP TasksChapter 2, Building a ChatGPT Clone

1

Getting Started with the ChatGPT API for NLP Tasks

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is an area of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that focuses on the interaction between computers and humans through natural language. Over the years, NLP has made remarkable progress in the field of language understanding; ChatGPT is one such revolutionary NLP tool that has gained significant popularity in recent years.

ChatGPT is an advanced AI language model developed by OpenAI, and it has been trained on a massive dataset of diverse texts, including books, articles, and web pages. With its ability to understand and generate human-like text, ChatGPT has become a go-to tool for many NLP applications, including chatbots, language translation, and content generation.

In this chapter, we will explore the basics of ChatGPT and how you can use it for your NLP tasks. We will start with an introduction to ChatGPT and its impact on the field of NLP. Then we will explore how to use ChatGPT from the web and its benefits. After that, we will learn how to get started with the ChatGPT API, including creating an account and generating API keys. After that, we will take a walk-through of setting up your development environment to work with the ChatGPT API. Finally, we will see an example of a simple ChatGPT API response to understand the basic functionalities of the tool.

In this chapter, we will cover the following topics:

The ChatGPT revolutionUsing ChatGPT from the webGetting started with the ChatGPT APISetting up your Python development environmentA simple ChatGPT API response

By the end of this chapter, you will have a solid understanding of ChatGPT and how to use it to perform NLP tasks efficiently.

Technical requirements

To get the most out of this chapter, you will need some basic tools to work with the Python code and the ChatGPT APIs. This chapter will guide you through all software installations and registrations.

You will require the following:

Python 3.7 or later installed on your computerAn OpenAI API key, which can be obtained by signing up for an OpenAI accountA code editor, such as VSCode (recommended), to write and run Python codeBasic programming experience with Python

The code examples from this chapter can be found on GitHub at https://github.com/PacktPublishing/Building-AI-Applications-with-ChatGPT-API.

The ChatGPT revolution

ChatGPT is an advanced AI language model developed by OpenAI, and it has made a significant impact on the field of NLP. The model is based on the transformer architecture, and it has been trained on a massive dataset of diverse texts, including books, articles, and web pages.

One of the key features of ChatGPT is its ability to generate text that is coherent and contextually appropriate. Unlike previous NLP models, ChatGPT has a broader understanding of language, and it can generate text that is similar in style and structure to human-generated text. This feature has made ChatGPT a valuable tool for various applications, including conversational AI and content creation.

ChatGPT has also made significant progress in the field of conversational AI, where it has been used to develop chatbots that can interact with humans naturally. With its ability to understand context and generate text that is similar in style to human-generated text, ChatGPT has become a go-to tool for developing conversational AI.

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT-3 has revolutionized the landscape of chatbots. Prior to LLMs, chatbots were limited in their capabilities, relying on rule-based systems with predefined responses. These chatbots lacked contextual understanding and struggled to engage in meaningful conversations. However, with LLM-based chatbots, there has been a significant transformation. These models comprehend complex queries, generate coherent and nuanced responses, and possess a broader knowledge base. They exhibit improved contextual understanding, learn from user interactions, and continually enhance their performance. LLM-based chatbots have elevated the user experience by providing more natural and personalized interactions, showcasing the remarkable advancements in chatbot technology.

ChatGPT has a long and successful history in the field of NLP. The model has undergone several advancements over the years, including the following:

GPT-1 (2018): Had 117 million parameters and was trained on a diverse set of web pages. It demonstrated impressive results in various NLP tasks, including question-answering, sentiment analysis, and language translation.GPT-2 (2019): Had 1.5 billion parameters and was trained on over 8 million web pages. It showed remarkable progress in language understanding and generation and became a widely used tool for various NLP applications.GPT-3 (2020): Had a record-breaking 175 billion parameters and set a new benchmark for language understanding and generation. It was used for various applications, including chatbots, language translation, and content creation.GPT-3.5: Released after continued refinement and improvement by OpenAI. Currently the best value model when comparing cost and performance.GPT-4: Can solve difficult problems with greater accuracy, thanks to its broader general knowledge and problem-solving abilities.

Developers can harness the power of Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) models without requiring them to train their own models from scratch. This can save a lot of time and resources, especially for smaller teams or individual developers.

In the next section, you will learn how to use ChatGPT from the web. You will learn how to create an OpenAI account and explore the ChatGPT web interface.

Using ChatGPT from the web

Interacting with ChatGPT via the OpenAI website is incredibly straightforward. OpenAI provides a web-based interface that can be found at https://chat.openai.com, enabling users to engage with the model without any prior coding knowledge or setup required. Once you visit the website, you can begin entering your questions or prompts, and the model will produce its best possible answer or generated text. Notably, ChatGPT on the web also provides users with various settings and options that allow them to track the conversation’s context and save the history of all interactions with the AI. This feature-rich approach to web-based AI interactions allows users to effortlessly experiment with the model’s capabilities and gain insight into its vast potential applications. To get started with the web-based interface, you’ll need to register for an account with OpenAI, which we will cover in detail in the next section. Once you’ve created an account, you can access the web interface and begin exploring the model’s capabilities, including various settings and options to enhance your AI interactions.

Creating an OpenAI account

Before using ChatGPT or the ChatGPT API, you must create an account on the OpenAI website, which will give you access to all the tools that the company has developed. To do that, you can visit https://chat.openai.com, where you will be asked to either log in or sign up for a new account, as shown in Figure 1.1:

Figure 1.1 – OpenAI welcome window

Simply click the Sign up button and follow the prompts to access the registration window (see Figure 1.2). From there, you have the option to enter your email address and click Continue, or you can opt to register using your Google or Microsoft account. Once this step is complete, you can select a password and validate your email, just like with any other website registration process.

After completing the registration process, you can begin exploring ChatGPT’s full range of features. Simply click the Log in button depicted in Figure 1.1 and enter your credentials into the log in window. Upon successfully logging in, you’ll gain full access to ChatGPT and all other OpenAI products. With this straightforward approach to access, you can seamlessly explore the full capabilities of ChatGPT and see firsthand why it’s become such a powerful tool for NLP tasks.

Figure 1.2 – OpenAI registration window

Now we can explore the features and functionality of the ChatGPT web interface in greater detail. We’ll show you how to navigate the interface and make the most of its diverse options to get the best possible results from the AI model.

ChatGPT web interface

The ChatGPT web interface allows users to interact with the AI model. Once a user registers for the service and logs in, they can enter text prompts or questions into a chat window and receive responses from the model. You can ask ChatGPT anything using the Send a message text field. The chat window also displays previous messages and prompts, allowing users to keep track of the conversation’s context, as shown in Figure 1.3:

Figure 1.3 – ChatGPT following conversational context

In addition to that, ChatGPT allows users to easily record the history of their interactions with the model. Users’ chat logs are automatically saved, which can later be accessed from the left sidebar for reference or analysis. This feature is especially useful for researchers or individuals who want to keep track of their conversations with the model and evaluate its performance over time. The chat logs can also be used to train other models or compare the performance of different models. You are now able to distinguish and use the advancements of different ChatGPT models. You can also use ChatGPT from the web, including creating an account and generating API keys. The ChatGPT API is flexible and customizable and can save developers time and resources, making it an ideal choice for chatbots, virtual assistants, and automated content generation. In the next section, you will learn how to access the ChatGPT API easily using Python.

Getting started with the ChatGPT API

The ChatGPT API is developed by OpenAI and allows developers to interact with GPT models for NLP tasks. This API provides an easy-to-use interface for generating text, completing prompts, answering questions, and carrying out other NLP tasks using state-of-the-art machine learning models.

The ChatGPT API is used for chatbots, virtual assistants, and automated content generation. It can also be used for language translation, sentiment analysis, and content classification. The API is flexible and customizable, allowing developers to fine-tune the model’s performance for their specific use case. Let’s now discover the process of obtaining an API key. This is the first step to accessing the ChatGPT API from your own applications.

Obtaining an API key

To use the ChatGPT API, you will need to obtain an API key. This can be obtained from OpenAI. This key will allow you to authenticate your requests to the API and ensure that only authorized users can access your account.

To obtain an API key, you must access the OpenAI platform at https://platform.openai.com using your ChatGPT credentials. The OpenAI platform page provides a central hub for managing your OpenAI resources. Once you have signed up, you can navigate to the API access page: https://platform.openai.com/account/api-keys. On the API access page, you can manage your API keys for the ChatGPT API and other OpenAI services. You can generate new API keys, view, and edit the permissions associated with each key, and monitor your usage of the APIs. The page provides a clear overview of your API keys, including their names, types, and creation dates, and allows you to easily revoke or regenerate keys as needed.

Click on the + Create new secret key button and your API key will be created:

Figure 1.4 – Creating an API key

After creating your API key, you will only have one chance to copy it (see Figure 1.5). It’s important to keep your API key secure and confidential, as anyone who has access to your key could potentially access your account and use your resources. You should also be careful not to share your key with unauthorized users and avoid committing your key to public repositories or sharing it in plain text over insecure channels.

Figure 1.5 – Saving an API key

Copying and pasting the API key in our applications and scripts allows us to use the ChatGPT API. Now, let’s examine the ChatGPT tokens and their involvement in the OpenAI pricing model.

API tokens and pricing

When working with ChatGPT APIs, it’s important to understand the concept of tokens. Tokens are the basic units of text used by models to process and understand the input and output text.

Tokens can be words or chunks of characters and are created by breaking down the text into smaller pieces. For instance, the word hamburger can be broken down into ham, bur, and ger, while a shorter word such as pear is a single token. Tokens can also start with whitespace, such as helloor bye.

The number of tokens used in an API request depends on the length of both the input and output text. As a rule of thumb, one token corresponds to approximately 4 characters or 0.75 words in English text. It’s important to note that the combined length of the text prompt and generated response must not exceed the maximum context length of the model. Table 1.1 shows the token limits of some of the popular ChatGPT models.

Model

Max Tokens

gpt-4

8,192 tokens

gpt-4-32k

32,768 tokens

gpt-3.5-turbo

4,096 tokens

gpt-3.5-turbo-0125

16,385 tokens

Table 1.1 – API model token limits

To learn more about how text is translated into tokens, you can check out OpenAI’stokenizer tool. The tokenizer tool is a helpful resource provided by OpenAI for understanding how text is translated into tokens. This tool breaks down text into individual tokens and displays their corresponding byte offsets, which can be useful for analyzing and understanding the structure of your text.

You can find the tokenizer tool at https://platform.openai.com/tokenizer. To use the tokenizer tool, simply enter the text you want to analyze and select the appropriate model and settings. The tool will then generate a list of tokens, along with their corresponding byte offsets (see Figure 1.6).

Figure 1.6 – The tokenizer tool

The ChatGPT API pricing is structured such that you are charged per 1,000 tokens processed, with a minimum charge per API request. This means that the longer your input and output texts are, the more tokens will be processed and the higher the cost will be. Table 1.2 displays the current cost of processing 1,000 tokens for several commonly used ChatGPT models as of May 2024.

Model

Prompt

Completion

gpt-4

$0.03 / 1K tokens

$0.06 / 1K tokens

gpt-4-32k

$0.06 / 1K tokens

$0.12 / 1K tokens

gpt-3.5-turbo

$0.0005 / 1K tokens

$0.0015 / 1K tokens

gpt-3.5-turbo-0125

$0.0005 / 1K tokens

$0.0015 / 1K tokens

Table 1.2 – ChatGPT API model pricing

Important note

It is important to keep an eye on your token usage to avoid unexpected charges. You can track your usage and monitor your billing information through the Usage dashboard at https://platform.openai.com/account/usage.

As you can see, ChatGPT is an easy-to-use interface that allows developers to interact with GPT models for NLP tasks. Tokens are the basic units of text used by the models to process and understand the input and output text. The pricing structure for the ChatGPT API is based on the number of tokens processed, with a minimum charge per API request.

In the next section, we will cover how to set up the Python development environment for working with the ChatGPT API. This involves installing Python and the VSCode Integrated Development Environment (IDE), setting up a virtual environment, and installing the necessary Python packages. Additionally, we will give you instructions on how to create a Python virtual environment using the built-in venv module and how to access the Terminal tab within VSCode.

Setting up your Python development environment

Before we start writing our first code, it’s important to create an environment to work in and install any necessary dependencies. Fortunately, Python has an excellent tooling system for managing virtual environments. Virtual environments in Python are a complex topic, but for the purposes of this book, it’s enough to know that they are isolated Python environments that are separate from your global Python installation. This isolation allows developers to work with different Python versions, install packages within the environment, and manage project dependencies without interfering with Python’s global installation.

In order to utilize the ChatGPT API in your NLP projects, you will need to set up your Python development environment. This section will guide you through the necessary steps to get started, including the following:

Installing PythonInstalling the VSCode IDEInstalling pipSetting up a virtual environmentInstalling the required Python packages

A properly configured development environment will allow you to make API requests to ChatGPT and process the resulting responses in your Python code.

Installing Python and the VSCode IDE

Python is a popular programming language that is widely used for various purposes, including machine learning and data analysis. You can download and install the latest version of Python from the official website, https://www.python.org/downloads/ (see Figure 1.7). To verify that Python has been installed, you can open a terminal on your device and type the following:

$ python --version

Once you have downloaded the Python installer, simply follow the instructions to install Python on your computer. The next step is to choose an IDE to work with.

Figure 1.7 – Python installation

One popular choice among Python developers is VSCode, a powerful and user-friendly IDE. VSCode provides a wide range of features that make it easy to develop Python applications, including code completion, debugging tools, and project management capabilities.

To install VSCode, you can download it for free from the VSCode website, https://code.visualstudio.com/download. Once you have downloaded the installer, simply follow the instructions to install VSCode on your computer.

Setting up a Python virtual environment

Setting up a Python virtual environment is a crucial step in creating an isolated development environment for your project. By creating a virtual environment, you can install specific versions of Python packages and dependencies without interfering with other projects on your system.

Creating a Python virtual environment specific to your ChatGPT application project is a recommended best practice. By doing so, you can ensure that all the packages and dependencies are saved inside your project folder rather than cluttering up your computer’s global Python installation. This approach provides a more organized and isolated environment for your project’s development and execution.

The VSCode IDE allows you to set up the Python virtual environment using its built-in terminal. You can follow these steps to set up your VSCode project:

Launch VSCode on your computer.Use the File Explorer or the File menu in VSCode to create a new folder where you want to store your project files. You can name it ChatGPTResponse.After creating the folder, open it in VSCode by selecting File | Open Folder and navigating to the folder you just created.Inside the opened folder, create a new Python file where you will write your code. You can do this by right-clicking in the Explorer panel and selecting New File. Then, give it a name with a .py extension, such as app.py.Open the integrated terminal in VSCode by selecting View | Terminal from the menu.Once inside your project folder, create a virtual environment by running the following command. The second venv argument refers to the folder name of your virtual environment:$ python3 -m venv venv

This will create a new directory named venv that contains the virtual environment (see Figure 1.8). You can replace venv with any name you want.

To activate the virtual environment, run the following terminal command:On Windows, run the following terminal command to activate the virtual environment:$ venv\Scripts\activate.batOn macOS or Linux, run the following terminal command to activate the virtual environment:$ source venv/bin/activate

Figure 1.8 – VSCode project hierarchy

Once activated, you should see the name of the virtual environment in the command prompt or terminal, as shown here. From here, you can install any packages or dependencies you need for your project without interfering with other Python installations on your system:

ChatGPTResponse % source venv/bin/activate (venv) ChatGPTResponse % (venv) ChatGPTResponse %

Important note

For consistency, you need to activate your virtual environment for every new Python project you create.

A key component needed to install any package in Python is pip. Let’s see how to check whether pip is already installed on your system, and how to install it if necessary.

The pip package installer

pip is a package installer for Python. It allows you to easily install and manage third-party Python libraries and packages such as openai. If you are using a recent version of Python, pip should already be installed. You can check whether pip is installed on your system by opening a command prompt or terminal and typing pip followed by pressing the Enter key. If pip is installed, you should see some output describing its usage and commands.

If pip is not installed on your system, you can install it by following these steps:

First, download the get-pip.py script from the official Python website: https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py.Save the file to a location on your computer that you can easily access, such as your desktop or downloads folder.Open a command prompt or terminal and navigate to the directory where you saved the get-pip.py file.Run the following command to install pip: python get-pip.py.Once the installation is complete, you can verify that pip is installed by typing pip into the command prompt or terminal and pressing Enter.

You should now have pip installed on your system and be able to use it to install packages and libraries for Python.