Calculations for Veterinary Nurses E-Book

Margaret C. Moore

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 149

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2013

Beschreibung

This handy pocket book will help veterinary nurses with all types of calculations. Numerous worked examples are included to develop the reader's confidence in carrying out the procedures involved. Each type of calculation has its own separate section in the book and the authors have used the simplest possible method in explaining each one. The book is structured in such a way that the reader can progress from a simple explanation of the arithmetic principles involved, to the application of these principles to essential veterinary calculations.

Qualified veterinary nurses and students alike will find this book an invaluable reference source, whether performing relevant veterinary calculations or studying for professional examinations.

Leseprobe

Contents

Preface

Disclaimer

Common Abbreviations Used in Text

Chapter 1. Units, Conversion Factors and Related Medical Abbreviations

Weight

Length

Volume

Abbreviations and prefixes

Converting units within the metric system

Converting ‘old’ imperial units to metric values

‘Household’ or ‘domestic’ measurement system

Temperature conversions

To convert from Fahrenheit to Celsius

To convert from Celsius to Fahrenheit

Related medical abbreviations

Chapter 2. Basic Principles

Fractions

Simplifying fractions (cancelling)

Converting fractions to decimals

Rounding decimals

Moving the decimal point

Converting fractions into percentages

Percentages

Manipulation of formulae (equations)

Chapter 3. Changing the Concentration of a Solution

Dilution of a concentrated solution

Manipulating the formula (see also Chapter 2, Basic Principles)

Chapter 4. Calculating Energy Requirements

Basal Energy Requirement – BER

Resting Energy Requirement – RER

Maintenance Energy Requirement – MER

Illness Energy Requirement – IER

Chapter 5. Dosages – Oral Route

Chapter 6. Dosages – Injections

Chapter 7. Rehydration of the Patient

Replacement of normal daily fluid loss

Assessment of % dehydration based on clinical history

Assessment of % dehydration based on weight

Assessment of % dehydration based on laboratory diagnosis

Assessment of % dehydration based on clinical symptoms

Calculation of total fluid requirements

Chapter 8. Fluid Therapy – Rates of Administration

Chapter 9. Anaesthetic Gases – Flow Rates

Tidal volume

Respiratory rate

Minute volume

Circuit factor

Chapter 10. Radiography

Terminology

Kilovoltage (kV)

Milliamperage (mA)

Milliampere-seconds (mAs)

Manipulating the formula (see also Chapter 2, Basic Principles)

Combined effects of kV and mAs

The grid factor

Film Focal Distance (FFD)

Chapter 11. Value Added Tax (VAT)

The principle of VAT

Illustration of how VAT is calculated and charged

Calculation of VAT if the base cost is known

Calculating VAT without a calculator

Calculation of VAT from inclusive amounts

Chapter 12. Examination Techniques

Pre-examination planning

Veterinary Nursing examinations

Examinations in general

The examination

Index

Dedication

The authors would like to dedicate this book toVic Moorein appreciation of all hishard work as our ‘unofficial’ editor and advisor

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank their spousesVic Moore and Sylvia Palmerfor their patience and understandingduring the time taken to write this book

© 2001 by Blackwell Science Ltd Editorial Offices:

Osney Mead, Oxford OX2 0EL 25 John Street, London WC1N 2BS 23 Ainslie Place, Edinburgh EN3 6AJ 350 Main Street, Malden MA 02148 5018, USA 54 University Street, Carlton Victoria 3053, Australia 10, rue Casimir Delavigne 75006 Paris, France

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Iowa State University PressA Blackwell Science Company2121 S. State AvenueAmes, Iowa 50014–8300, USA

The right of the Author to be identified as the Author of this Work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher.

First published 2001

Set in Souvenir pt by Aarontype, Easton, Bristol Printed and bound in Great Britain by MPG Books, Bodmin, Cornwall

The Blackwell Science logo is a trade mark of Blackwell Science Ltd, registered at the United Kingdom Trade marks Regisrty

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USA and Canada

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Australia

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A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library

ISBN0–632–05498–0

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Moore Margaret C., M.A.

Calculations for veterinary nurses / Margaret C. Moore and Norman G. Palmer.p. cm.ISBN 0–632–05498–0 (pbk.)1. Veterinary drugs – Dosage.I. Palmer, Norman G. II. Title

SF919 .M66 2000636.089’514—dc21

00–046797

For further information on Blackwell Science, visit our website: www.blackwell-science.com

Preface

Currently, there are excellent technical books available for both student and qualified veterinary nurses. However, no single publication encompasses all the different types of calculations on which student veterinary nurses may be examined or which qualified veterinary nurses are expected to carry out routinely during the course of their work.

During twenty years as a course tutor for veterinary nurses, my own students have repeatedly indicated the need for such a book. Thus the aim of this volume is to meet that need by including a separate section on each of the different calculations which a veterinary nurse is likely to use.

It is structured in such a way that the reader can progress from a simple explanation of the principles involved to their application of essential veterinary calculations.

Numerous worked examples are included together with selftest exercises which, where appropriate, have also been supported with fully-worked answers. The aim of this approach is to help readers understand the arithmetic principles needed to perform basic calculations, thus enabling them to have the confidence and ability to carry out any veterinary calculations which they are likely to come across during the course of their careers.

Although this book is designed primarily to assist student veterinary nurses for whom calculations are an essential part of their studies, it will undoubtedly be an invaluable aide-memoire and reference for qualified staff. It will also be an extremely valuable text book for students following other animal-based careers, for example, animal technicians and animal carers. In discussing this book with veterinary surgeons, many of them kindly expressed the view that it may also be of use to veterinary students.

Disclaimer

The primary aim of this book is to explain how to carry out basic veterinary calculations. To achieve this, some of the figures used have given way to convenience of calculation rather than adhering to clinical accuracy. Finally, any similarities to animals, whether living or dead, are purely coincidental!

Note

All answers to worked examples appear in bold type.

Margaret C. MooreNorman G. Palmer

Common Abbreviations Used in Text

Weight

g            gram(s)

kg          kilogram(s)

mg         milligram(s)

mcg       microgram(s)

Volume

l              litre(s)

ml           millilitre(s)

Time

min         minute(s)

s             second(s)

hr(s)       hour(s)

Unit of electric current

mA         milliampere(s)

Unit of electromotive force

kV          kilovolt

Chapter 1

Units, Conversion Factors and Related Medical Abbreviations

It is imperative that a good understanding of units and the relationship between them is gained at an early stage when studying calculations. Many of the problems encountered whilst carrying out basic calculations stem from a lack of understanding of the units in which various quantities are measured, and of the relationships between them. A thorough working knowledge of the most common units is vital to anyone in the veterinary nursing profession. A mistake in the use of units could be fatal to a patient.