Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Orthodontics E-Book

Sunil D. Kapila

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 1230

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2014

Beschreibung

Since its introduction to dentistry, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has undergone a rapid evolution and considerable integration into orthodontics. However, despite the increasing popularity of CBCT and progress in applying it to clinical orthodontics, the profession has lacked a cohesive, comprehensive and objective reference that provides clinicians with the background needed to utilize this technology optimally for treating their patients. Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Orthodontics provides timely, impartial, and state-of-the-art information on the indications and protocols for CBCT imaging in orthodontics, clinical insights gained from these images, and innovations driven by these insights. As such, it is the most current and authoritative textbook on CBCT in orthodontics. 

Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Orthodontics is organized to progress sequentially through specific topics so as to build the knowledgebase logically in this important and rapidly evolving field. Part I provides the foundational information on CBCT technology, including radiation exposure and risks, and future evolutions in computed tomography. Part II presents the Principles and Protocols for CBCT Imaging in Orthodontics, focusing on developing evidence-based criteria for CBCT imaging, the medico-legal implications of CBCT to the professional and the protocols and integration of this technology in orthodontic practice. Part III provides critical information on CBCT-based Diagnosis and Treatment Planning that includes how to interpret CBCT scans, identify incidental pathologies and the possible other uses of this technology. Part IV covers practical aspects of CBCT’s Clinical Applications and Treatment Outcomes that encompasses a range of topics, including root morphology and position, treatment of impacted teeth, virtual surgical treatment planning and outcomes, and more.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

The DVD

Title page

Copyright page

Dedication

List of Contributors

Preface

Acknowledgments

Part 1: Technology Assessment and Enhancements

1: Contemporary Concepts of Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Orthodontics

Introduction

Evolution in and Basics of CBCT Technology

Technology Assessment and Enhancements

CBCT Morphometric Analyses in Health and Disease

Utility of CBCT in Assessing Treatment Outcomes

Incidental Findings, Diagnostician Skills, and Medico-Legal Implications

Indications: Efficacious Use of CBCT in Orthodontic Diagnosis and Treatment Planning

Protocols for Utilizing and Interpreting CBCT in Orthodontics

Areas Requiring Further Study

Conclusions

References

2: Functional and Technical Characteristics of Different Cone Beam Computed Tomography Units

Introduction

Characteristics of a CT Image

Classification of Scanners

Other Key Attributes of CBCT Scanners

Role of Software Functions in Image Interpretation

Other Considerations

Conclusions

References

3: Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Orthodontics: Perspectives on Radiation Risk

Radiation Effects

Radiation Dose Measurement

Doses for Various CBCT Machines

Risk Estimates for CBCT

Reducing Radiation Risk with CBCT

Conclusions

References

4: Rational Basis for Transitioning from 2D to 3D Radiographic Imaging in Orthodontic Practice and Research

Introduction

Can CBCT Replace the Conventional Set of Radiographs?

Will CBCT Lead to Improvement of Treatment?

Will CBCT-Based Research Change the Treatment Approach?

Can the Fusion of CBCT with Other 3D Visualization Modalities Enhance Treatment and Research?

CBCT and Digital Models

CBCT and 3D Photography

Conclusions

References

5: The Future of Cone Beam Computed Tomography and 3D Imaging in Orthodontics

X-Ray Sources

Detectors

Other CT Applications

Future Perspectives

References

Part 2: Protocols and Principles for Cone Beam Computed Tomography Imaging in Orthodontics

6: Development of Evidence-Based Selection Criteria for Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Orthodontics

Introduction

Advantages and Risks of CBCT Imaging in Orthodontics

Selection Criteria for CBCT Imaging in Orthodontics

Determining Patient Radiation Dose Risk

Minimizing Patient Radiation Exposure

Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

7: To Scan or Not to Scan: Medico-Legal Implications

Introduction

Standard of Care

New Procedures

Associated Ethical, Legal, and Regulatory Issues

Conclusions

References

8: Protocols for the Use of Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Orthodontic Practice

Introduction

Benefits of CBCT for Orthodontists

CBCT Volume Acquisition

Orthodontic Evaluation of the Scan

Reconstructing 2D Radiographs

The Role of the Oral and Maxillofacial Radiologist

The Future of CBCT and Orthodontics

Conclusions

References

Part 3: Diagnosis and Treatment Planning

9: How to Interpret Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans

Introduction

Protocols for Imaging, Quality Assurance, and Image Reconstruction

Analysis of CBCT Images

Conclusions

References

10: Detection of Incidental Findings in Cone Beam Computed Tomography Imaging and Their Clinical Implications

Introduction

Intracranial Soft Tissue Calcifications and Lesions

Extracranial Soft Tissue Calcifications

Airway

Lesions of the Paranasal Sinuses and Nasal Cavity

Tooth-related Findings and Developmental Defects of the Jaws

Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)

Cervical Spine

Miscellaneous Findings

Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

11: 3D Orthodontic Diagnosis and Treatment Planning

Introduction

CBCT's Role in Orthodontic Diagnosis and Treatment Planning

The CWRU Comprehensive CBCT Analysis

The CWRU Transverse Analysis

Developing Norms for the CWRU Transverse Analysis

Interpreting the Analysis Results: Case Reports

Conclusions

References

12: Application of 3D TMJ Imaging to TMJDs, TMJ Functional Analyses, and Orthodontic Treatment Outcomes

Introduction

Imaging of the TMJ

Image-Assisted Evaluation of the TMJ in Orthodontic Treatment

3D Superimpositions for Evaluation of 4D Changes in the TMJ Bone

Multidimensional Imaging and Numerical Modeling of Jaw Biomechanics

Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

13: Characterization of the Upper Airway Morphology and Its Changes in the Apneic Patient Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography

Introduction

Technological Evolutions in Airway Assessments and Analyses

Relevance of the Airway to Orthodontics

Airway Parameters in Healthy and Apneic Subjects

Conclusions

References

14: Alveolar Boundary Conditions in Orthodontic Diagnosis and Treatment Planning

Introduction

Alveolar Boundary Condition Biotype: A Potential New Diagnostic Criteria

Technical Considerations for Using CBCT to Assess Alveolar Boundary Conditions

Risk Factors for Compromising Alveolar Boundary Conditions

Bone Boundary Conditions Adaptability in Response to Non-extraction Orthodontic Treatment

Complex Cases with Substantial Challenges Posed by Boundary Conditions

Conclusions

References

Part 4: Clinical Applications and Treatment Outcomes

15: Assessment of Root Position and Morphology by Cone Beam Computed Tomography

Introduction

Accuracy of Root Angulation and Length Measurements on 2D and 3D Radiographs

External Apical Root Resorption in Orthodontics Patients

CBCT-Based Diagnosis of Dilacerated Roots

The Future: CBCT Radiographic Root Mapping as an Indicator of Disease

Conclusions

References

16: 3D Image-Aided Diagnosis and Treatment of Impacted and Transposed Teeth

Introduction

Prevalence and Etiology of Impacted and Transposed Teeth

2D and 3D Radiographic Findings on Normal Canine Development and Eruption

Efficacy of CBCT in Diagnosis and Treatment Planning of Impacted Teeth and Associated Root Resorption

Protocols for CBCT Imaging of Impacted and Transposed Teeth

Current Approaches to Treating Impacted Teeth

Virtual Diagnosis and Treatment Planning of Impacted Teeth

Implementing 3D Image-Aided Treatment of Impacted Teeth

Principles of 3D Diagnosis and Treatment Planning of Transposed Teeth

Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

17: Assessment of Maxillary Transverse Deficiency and Treatment Outcomes by Cone Beam Computed Tomography

Introduction

Accuracy of Maxillary Width Measurements Taken from 2D and 3D Radiographs

Radiographic Assessment of Maxillary Transverse Growth

Diagnosing Maxillary Transverse Deficiency Using PA Cephalographs

Radiographic Assessment of Midpalatal Suture Ossification

2D and 3D Radiographic Evaluation of Maxillary Expansion

Evidence-Based Assessment of Maxillary Expansion Treatment

Maxillary Expansion Effects Assessed with 3D Radiographs

Conclusions

References

18: Planning and Placing Temporary Anchorage Devices with the Aid of Cone Beam Computed Tomography Imaging

Introduction

Advantages and Disadvantages of CBCT Imaging for TAD Application

Approaches for Optimal Clinical Utilization of CBCTs for TADs

Virtual Miniscrew Implant Insertion

Outcomes Assessment

Conclusions

References

19: 3D Planning and Treatment Outcomes of Bone Anchored Maxillary Protraction

Introduction

Two-Dimensional (2D) Analysis of BAMP

Rationale for Using 3D Imaging in Assessing Treatment Effects

Clinical Methodology and Protocols

Outcomes Assessment of BAMP Treatment in 3D

Conclusions

References

20: Applications of Cone Beam Computed Tomography to Orthognathic Surgery Treatment Planning

Introduction

Advantages of In-Office CT Scanning

Evolution from 2D to 3D Radiography for Orthognathic Surgery

Computer-Assisted Orthognathic Surgery (CAOS)

3D Image Cephalometrics for Surgical Planning

Surgical Simulation

Conclusions

References

21: 3D Diagnosis and Management of Facial Asymmetries

Introduction

Midline Determination and Mirroring Techniques

Segmentation and Surface Distance Computation

Surgical Simulation and Outcome Design

Future Perspectives

References

22: 3D Assessment of Orthognathic Surgical Outcomes

Introduction

History and Background of Orthognathic Surgery

2D Mandibular Orthognathic Surgery Studies

Evolving Methods for Using 3D Imaging for Surgical Outcomes Assessment

Class III Surgical Evaluations

Surgery for Class II Correction

Conclusions

References

23: 3D Imaging in Diagnosis and Treatment Planning of Craniofacial Anomalies

Introduction

3D Imaging Modalaties for Craniofacial Patients

Application of 3D Imaging in Craniofacial Anomalies

Rare Syndromes

Growth and Treatment Changes Assessed by 3D Techniques

Conclusions

References

Index

End User License Agreement

List of Tables

Table 1.1    Comparison of effective radiation doses from conventional 2D radiography, CBCTs using pediatric phantoms for dentoalveolar (small and medium) and craniofacial (large) FOVs, MSCT, and background radiation. Most of the radiation data are provided in ranges and medians (in parentheses).