Deng Xiaoping and China's Economic Miracle E-Book

Rene Schreiber

• Herausgeber: via tolino media
• Kategorie: Sachliteratur, Reportagen, Biografien
• Sprache: Englisch
• Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2022

Beschreibung

Deng Xiaoping was one of the most important figures in China's recent history. He initiated a change of course within the Chinese Communist Party and also in economic policy. How get Deng Xiaoping the leader of China? A book about his time under Mao, fighting to change the CCP's direction, fighting the Gang of Four and Hua Guofeng, and his reforms.

Leseprobe

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Childhood

The End of the Empire

His years in Europe

Deng's Return to China and the Civil War

Deng becomes a follower of Mao

The "Long March"

Deng's years in Yan'an

Victory over Chiang and the Taiwan Problem

The Tibet Problem

The Korean War

The Maoist Land Reform

Political Rise

Hundred Flowers Campaign

The Big Leap

The Fall (1966-1973)

The years 1973 to 1976

Deng takes power (1978-1984)

Deng’s Economy

China's Economic Opening

People's Liberation Army (PLA)

The Tiananmen Square Massacre

Deng's last years

Thanksgiving

Literature

Impressum

Rene Schreiber

Deng Xiaoping

and

China's Economic Miracle

This work is protected by copyright and may not be reproduced, copied, set to music, printed or made available for download without the consent of the author.

1nd revised edition in English Version

© 2022 Rene Schreiber

Ebook Published by Tolino Media

Foreword

Deng Xiaoping was a great leader in the people’s republic of China. He changed the system and modernized the economic and life in China.

Who was Deng Xiaoping and why he became so famous in the Communistic Party of the people’s republic of China?

Note on the spelling of names

For Chinese personal names, the last name is given first. When it comes to spelling, care is taken to ensure that the name is easy to read. For non-common Chinese names, the pinyin transcription, the official system of the People's Republic of China, is used.

I used for example: Sun Yatsen, although in the People's Republic and the Republic of China the founder of the state is known as Sun Zhongshan or Sun Yixian.

The same transcription system applies to place names, except for Beijing, Canton and Taipei(h).

Childhood

Deng was born on August 22, 1904 in Paifang Village, Guang'an District, Sichuan Province. There are various sources that indicate the 12th of July. In China, the birthday was not so important or is sometimes not important today. Because in China you hardly or never celebrate your birthday. Much more important are the Chinese New Year, in some regions the Ball Festival and the Chinese National Day.

I was personally very surprised by this practice. It was only through my wife that I learned how strong the cultural difference between Austria and China really is. The more the Chinese encounter the "West", the more they celebrate their birthday. Overseas Chinese have adapted and celebrate it and mostly the Christian festivals such as Easter and Christmas.

Now back to the childhood of the actual protagonist. He was the son of a landowner named Deng Wenming. His father had farmers among him who cultivated grain. He was also head of the local police and teacher at the only school.

The mother, like the father, came from a wealthy family. However, she was illiterate. At that time, this was more pronounced among women than among men. But she attached great importance to the fact that her children received a good education.

Deng Xiaoping was very small and therefore he tried to be more superior with his cunning. Supposedly, he could quote from books he read only three times. He did not adhere to the Confucian family ideal but defended his pride. He did not listen to the elderly. Originally, the family named him Deng Xiansheng, the firstborn saint. But when he started school in preschool, a teacher gave him the name Deng Xixian. This means a talented beacon of hope. Years later, he called himself Deng Xiaoping (Little Peace). It was the communist code name.

At that time, China’s situation changed. The last emperor Pu Yi abdicated, and the republic was proclaimed by Sun Yatsen in 1912. In the special zones, the respective colonial law of the respective European country applied. Chinese were second-class citizens and were treated like inferior persons.

Deng also participated in the anti-Japanese boycott movement. Because the colonial powers awarded the once German occupied territories to Japan. To become something in the new China, you need an education. So, his father sent to Chongqing. There Deng was to be prepared for training in France. Together with his uncle Deng Shaosheng, he left his home village and was not to return to his birthplace.

The training in Chongqing included French and first industrial skills. On September 11, 1921, she boarded a ship in Shanghai for Marseille. Along the way, he experienced the arrogance of the colonial powers and the humiliation of his compatriots. These pictures from Shanghai were to shape him for his whole life.

The End of the Empire

The former empire collapsed as many regions seceded from the new central government. Sun Yatsen was overthrown, and the military took power under Yuan Shikai. The new ruler rejected the republic. Sun agreed to Yuan's appointment because he himself could not get a grip on the disastrous situation.

When Yuan proclaimed himself emperor of a constitutional monarchy, the country fell into open civil war. Yuan was defeated and had to abdicate. The renewal of the monarchy could be prevented. But local trouble spots emerged. So-called warlords seized power and fought each other. The controlled territory of the central government continued to shrink. Sun Yatsen retired to Guangdong Province. From there, he wanted to preserve democracy and Chinese national unity. The intellectuals also had ideas for the reorientation of the state. Confucianism was to be supplanted by democracy, individualism and science. This was intended to change the state socially and politically. Others rejected these changes, seeing the excesses of the colonial states. They were looking for another way, the Chinese way. 1

As Tsarist Russia perished, new ideologies gained momentum. At first, a kind of early social democracy was visible, which turned into Bolshevism in October 1917 and led to the October Revolution. Chinese intellectuals also saw this new path as a new direction for China. With the help of the Comintern, activists met in Shanghai in the summer of 1920 and founded the first Communist Party cell. Cells quickly continued to emerge in other cities.

Warlords are warlords who rule territories independently of the central power.

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