Ein Auto voller Blumen E-Book

Elke Ottensmann

• Herausgeber: SCM Hänssler
• Kategorie: Religion und Spiritualität
• Sprache: Deutsch

Seitenzahl: 278

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2013

Beschreibung

Das Leben in seinen schillernden Farben – ob es regnet, stürmt und schneit, oder die Sonne scheint und bunte Blumen uns anlachen. In vielen Geschichten erzählt Elke Ottensmann von Begebenheiten mitten aus dem Leben. Von einem Sonnenaufgang, der verschlafen wurde, über einen alten Mann, der mit Lachen nicht aufhören konnte, über allzu Menschliches im Supermarkt, beim Arztbesuch oder im Park bis hin zu einem Regenbogen als Trost in schwierigen Zeiten. So spannt sich auch der Bogen der Geschichten – lebensnah, menschlich, humorvoll und mutmachend im Glauben.

Leseprobe

Contents

Cover

Half Title page

Further Reading

Title page

Copyright page

Preface

List of Contributors

Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 2: High-Resolution Soft X-Ray Microscopy for Imaging Nanoscale Magnetic Structures and Their Spin Dynamics

2.1 Introduction

2.2 X-Ray Optics and Soft X-Ray Microscopy

2.3 Magnetic Soft X-Ray Microscopy

2.4 Static Nanoscale Magnetic Structures

2.5 Spin Dynamics in Nanoscale Magnetic Structures

2.6 Future Perspectives for Magnetic Soft X-Ray Microscopy

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 3: Advances in Magnetization Dynamics Using Scanning Transmission X-Ray Microscopy

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Magnetism in Confined Structures

3.3 Experimental Setup

3.4 Magnetic Characterization of Ferromagnetic Structures

3.5 Magnetization Dynamics in Ferromagnetic Vortex Structures

3.6 Conclusion and Outlook

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 4: Scanning Photoelectron Microscopy for the Characterization of Novel Nanomaterials

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Photoelectron Spectroscopy

4.3 Scanning Photoelectron Microscopy

4.4 The Application of Scanning Photoelectron Microscopy

4.5 Conclusion

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 5: Coherent X-Ray Diffraction Microscopy

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Iterative Algorithms

5.3 Experimental Design

5.4 Data Acquisition and Prereconstruction Analysis

5.5 Image Reconstruction

5.6 Applications

5.7 X-Ray Holography and Scanning Methods

5.8 Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

Further Reading

Chapter 6: Many-Body Interactions in Nanoscale Materials by Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy

6.1 Introduction: Why Do We Care about the Bandstructure?

6.2 Bandstructure for Beginners

6.3 What is ARPES?

6.4 ARPES as a Probe of Many-Body Interactions in Nanostructures

6.5 Toward NanoARPES—A New Tool for Nanoscience at Synchrotrons

6.6 Summary and Outlook

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 7: Soft X-Ray Absorption and Emission Spectroscopy in the Studies of Nanomaterials

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Electronic Structure of Nanostructured Materials

7.3 Soft X-Ray Process and Spectroscopy

7.4 Chemical Sensitivity of X-Ray Spectroscopy

7.5 Fullerenes and Carbon Nanotubes

7.6 Buried Atomical Layers and Interfaces

7.7 Nanostructured 3d Transition Metal Oxides

Acknowledgments

References

Index

X-Rays in Nanoscience

Further Reading

Friedbacher, G., Bubert, H. (Eds.)

Surface and Thin Film AnalysisA Compendium of Principles,Instrumentation, and Applications

2010ISBN: 978-3-527-32047-9

Pierce, D. T., Zhao, J. X. (Eds.)

Trace Analysis withNanomaterials

2010ISBN: 978-3-527-32350-0

Kumar, C. S. S. R. (Ed.)

Nanosystem CharacterizationTools in the Life Sciences

2006ISBN: 978-3-527-31383-9

Mittemeijer, E.J., Welzel, U. (Eds.)

Modern Diffraction MethodsRecent Technological Advances

2011ISBN: 978-3-527-32279-4

Bennett, D. W.

Understanding Single-CrystalX-Ray Crystallography

2010ISBN: 978-3-527-32677-8 (Hardcover)ISBN: 978-3-527-32794-2 (Softcover)

Salzer, R., Siesler, H. W. (Eds.)

Infrared and RamanSpectroscopic Imaging

2009ISBN: 978-3-527-31993-0

The Editor

Dr. Jinghua GuoLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryAdvanced Light Source DivisionOne Cyclotron Road, MS 6R2100Berkeley, CA 94720USA

All books published by Wiley-VCH are arefully produced. Nevertheless, authors, editors, and publisher do not warrant the information contained in these books, including this book, to be free of errors. Readers are advised to keep in mind that statements, data, illustrations, procedural details or other items may inadvertently be inaccurate.

Library of Congress Card No.: applied for

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek

The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at<http://dnb.d-nb.de>.

© 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag & Co. KGaA, Boschstr. 12, 69469 Weinheim, Germany

All rights reserved (including those of translation into other languages). No part of this book may be reproduced in any form – by photoprinting, microfilm, or any other means – nor transmitted or translated into a machine language without written permission from the publishers. Registered names, trademarks, etc. used in this book, even when not specifically marked as such, are not to be considered unprotected by law.

Print ISBN: 978-3-527-32288-6 ePdf ISBN: 978-3-527-63229-9 ePub ISBN: 978-3-527-63230-5 Mobi ISBN: 978-3-527-64040-9

Preface

In this book, recent achievements of synchrotron radiation X-ray applications in nanoscience have been reviewed. The principle of X-ray scattering, spectroscopy, and spectromicroscopy, and the current state-of-art developments in the optics and instrumentation are presented and discussed. The potential of the advanced synchrotron radiation–based techniques is illustrated using selected results obtained at synchrotron facilities. A systematic collection of the advanced tools will meet the strong needs for a wide user community with background ranging from research institutions, universities, to industry. It will be beneficial for graduate students, postdocs as well as for professional researchers.

Photon energies in the soft X-ray spectral region are well matched to the primary resonances of many elements in the important materials for fundamental science and applied technologies. The emphasis will be on techniques and applications in the fields of X-ray scattering, spectroscopy, and microscope imaging.

The soft X-ray science has been developed dramatically in the last decade due to the high brilliance of third-generation synchrotron radiation sources. Optical techniques such as high spatial resolution zone plates and high reflectivity mirrors that enable soft X-ray microscopy and spectroscopy applications in the investigation of nanomaterials have been developed. The authors of each chapter are prominent scientists in their respective research areas. The content provides an overview of the physics and applications of soft X-ray microscopy and spectroscopy in nanostructured materials science.

Berkeley, CaliforniaFebruary 2010

Jinghua Guo

List of Contributors

Chia-Hao ChenNational SynchrotronRadiation Research Center101 Hsin-Ann RoadHsinchu 30076Taiwan

Jau-Wern ChiouNational University of KaohsiungDepartment of Applied Physics700 Kaohsiung University RoadKaohsiung 81148Taiwan

Kang Wei ChouLawrence BerkeleyNational LaboratoryBerkeley Laboratory1 Cyclotron RoadBerkeleyCA 94720-8226USA

Peter FischerCenter for X-ray OpticsLawrence BerkeleyNational Laboratory1 Cyclotron RoadBerkeleyCA 94720USA

Jinghua GuoAdvanced Light SourceLawrence BerkeleyNational LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA

Mi-Young ImCenter for X-ray OpticsLawrence BerkeleyNational Laboratory1 Cyclotron RoadBerkeleyCA 94720USA

Stefano MarchesiniLawrence BerkeleyNational LaboratoryMaterials Science Division1 Cyclotron RoadBerkeleyCA 94720USA

Brooke L. MeslerCenter for X-ray OpticsLawrence BerkeleyNational Laboratory1 Cyclotron RoadBerkeleyCA 94720USA

Eli RotenbergLawrence BerkeleyNational LaboratoryAdvanced Light Source1 Cyclotron RoadBerkeleyCA 94720USA

David ShapiroLawrence BerkeleyNational LaboratoryAdvanced Light Source1 Cyclotron RoadBerkeleyCA 94720USA

Tolek TyliszczakLawrence BerkeleyNational LaboratoryBerkeley Laboratory1 Cyclotron RoadBerkeleyCA 94720-8226USA

Chapter 2

High-Resolution Soft X-Ray Microscopy for Imaging Nanoscale Magnetic Structures and Their Spin Dynamics

Peter Fischer, Mi-Young Im, and Brooke L. Mesler

2.1 Introduction

Magnetism, which describes the magnetic properties of matter, is one of the oldest known physical phenomena. Despite the fact that we do not have a direct sense for magnetism, knowledge about the amazing properties of loadstones and their first technical applications, such as the use of compasses, dates back to ancient China. As the magnetic properties could not be explained, magnetism was considered to be one of the mystic components in nature during the medieval times. A more practical approach to magnetism started with the industrial revolution where magnetic materials became major components, for example, in the development of electric motors and generators. Later, Maxwell was able to explore the intimate relationship between electricity and magnetism and included it in his famous theory. A completely new view into magnetism appeared with the revolution in physics at the beginning of the twentieth century when the spin of the electron was first theoretically introduced by Pauli in 1925 [1] and shortly after experimentally verified by Uhlenbeck and Goudsmit [2]. It turned out that the concept of a spin as an inherent property of the electron and the mutual interaction of these spins in a magnetic system, described, for example, by the Heisenberg exchange interaction, are fundamental to the understanding of the origin of magnetism. But even today, magnetism is far from being fully understood and therefore remains one of the most active and exciting areas in modern solid-state physics [3].

Technological applications of magnetism are manifold and an integral part of modern life. Classical devices (such as electric motors and power generators), communication technologies, and novel examination methods in medicine (such as nuclear magnetic resonance tomography) are ubiquitous but rely on the advancement of magnetic materials and their properties.

A new pathway to magnetism both from the fundamental and the technological point of view can be seen in modern information technology where the base logical value of single bits is realized by the orientation of magnetic moments in magnetic mass storage devices. The continuously increasing demand for higher storage density has pushed the relevant length scale in understanding magnetism and fabrication of the devices to very small dimensions approaching the nanometer length scale. As such, magnetism has become an important discipline in the emerging nanosciences arena.