Emerging Perspectives on Substance Misuse E-Book

Willm Mistral

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 399

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2013

Beschreibung

Copy – Web Catalog:

Emerging Perspectives on Substance Misuse addresses theoretical, practice and policy issues with regard to the problematic use of alcohol and illegal drugs.

• Comprises chapters from some of the most internationally well-known academics and practitioners representing a range of different specializations and perspectives in the field
• Presents a wide range of emerging evidence-based perspectives
• Includes content relevant for researchers, practitioners, and policy makers who work with individuals or policy related to drug and alcohol misuse
• Areas covered include -  gender and substance use, working with children and families of substance misusers and  the emerging recovery movement

Leseprobe

Contents

Cover

Title Page

Copyright

Contributors

About the Editor

Preface

The Topic

The Authors

Acknowledgements

Chapter 1: Changing Perspectives on Problematic Drug Use

What is Drugs Policy?

History

Conceptualizations of Drug Use

The United Kingdom

The United States

International Drug Policy

Convergence of Policies

Decriminalization or Legalization

Decriminalization

Relegalization

New Drugs

Ecstasy (MDMA)

Other New Drugs

Increasing Amphetamine Use

Emerging Initiatives in Policy and Practice

Wastewater Analysis

Heroin Assisted Treatment

Opioid Maintenance in European Prisons

Hepatitis C

Conclusions

Note

References

Chapter 2: Formulating Effective Alcohol Policy: Not as Simple as it Sounds

Introduction

Policy and the Alcohol Industry

Research and Policy

Politics and Policy

New Approaches to Policy

Evidence-Based Policy

Policy Parameters

Policy and Stigma

Some Central Policy Initiatives

References

Chapter 3: Binge Drinking: Consumption, Consequences, Causes and Control

Consumption Levels

Consequences of Excessive Consumption

Causes of Excessive Drinking

Effective Alcohol Control Policies

Price

Minimum Legal Age

Lower BACs for Drivers

References

Chapter 4: A Picture Tells a Thousand Stories: Young Women, Mobile Technology, and Drinking Narratives

Background

Safety and Surveillance

Discuss and Dissect

Appropriate Impropriety

Alleviating Anxiety

Pleasures of the Unexpected

Sunday Suffering

Conclusion

References

Chapter 5: Exploring Emerging Perspectives on Gender and Drug Use

Summary

Introduction

Female Drug Use in the First ‘Decade of Dance’, 1988–1998

`Drugs': Material Agents in Drug Cultures

Gendering Drugs Research

(Still) Doing Gender, (Still) Doing Drugs: Where Do We Go from Here?

Conclusion

References

Chapter 6: Embracing Children and Families in Substance-Misuse Treatment

Introduction

The Size of the Problem and its Burden

Adult Family Members

Children

Inclusion in Policy

Developing an Holistic Response to the Needs of Children and Families

Examples of Interventions

Challenges

Conclusion and Moving Forward

References

Chapter 7: In Their Own Right: Developing Confidential Services for Children and Young People Affected by Parental Alcohol and Drug Use

Introduction

Being Counted

Being Heard

Family Life

School Life

Multiple Problems

Getting By

Being Included

Provision of Services Directly for Children and Young People

Conclusion

References

Chapter 8: Screening for Alcohol Use Disorders

Introduction

Rationale for Screening

Screening Tools

Interpreting Results from Alcohol Screening Tests

Sensitivity

Specificity

Predictive Values

Comparisons of Screening Questionnaires in Different Settings

Conclusion

Appendices

References

Chapter 9: From Comorbidity to Multiple Health Behaviour Change

Introduction

Prevalence of Coexisting Mental Health and Substance-Use Problems

Treatment for Coexisting MHSUP

Alcohol

Cannabis

Tobacco

Multiple Health Behaviour Change

The Way Forward: Management of Multiple Health Behaviours

Case Study

From Treatment Silos to Everyday Practice

References

Chapter 10: Counselling in Intensive Structured Day Treatment: The Co-production of Recovery

What is Addictions Counselling?

The SHARP Programme

Integration of Counselling Models

The Framework

Motivation and Engagement

Generating Psychosocial Change

Building Recovery Capital

Reintegration and Recovery

SHARP Counsellors

Future Directions

Conclusion

References

Chapter 11: Movements Towards Recovery

Recovery

What is Residential Rehabilitation?

Evidence for Residential Rehabilitation

Problems with Residential Rehabilitation

Service Users' Views

Emerging Approaches to Rehabilitation

Mutual Help

Emerging Approaches to Mutual Help

Recovery Communities

Payment by Results

Conclusion

References

Chapter 12: How Current Drug Laws Impede Research and Clinical Treatments

Introduction

The MDAct 1971

What Schedule 1 Means

How the Law has Denied Research Advances

Lost Clinical Opportunities

How Can We Move Forward?

References

Index

This edition first published 2013 © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Wiley-Blackwell is an imprint of John Wiley & Sons, formed by the merger of Wiley's global Scientific, Technical and Medical business with Blackwell Publishing.

Registered OfficeJohn Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK

Editorial Offices350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK

For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services, and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell.

The right of Willm Mistral to be identified as the author of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher.

Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books.

Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.

Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author(s) have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services and neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Emerging perspectives on substance misuse / edited by Willm Mistral. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-118-30664-2 (cloth) – ISBN 978-1-118-30212-5 (pbk.) 1. Substance abuse. 2. Substance abuse–Treatment. 3. Alcoholism. 4. Alcoholism–Treatment. I. Mistral, Willm. HV4998.E44 2013 616.86–dc23 2013013061

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Cover image: © Paul Edmondson / Getty Images Cover design by Simon Levy Associates

Contributors

Professor Amanda Baker, Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Australia. Email: [email protected]

Rebecca Brown, PhD candidate, Department of Gender and Cultural Studies SOPHI, University of Sydney, Australia. Email: [email protected]

Professor Robin Davidson, Consultant Clinical Psychologist, Northern Ireland. Email: [email protected]

Sarah Hiles, PhD Candidate, Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Australia. Email: [email protected]

Dr Louise Hill, Policy Implementation Officer, CELCIS, University of Strathclyde, Scotland. Email: [email protected]

Dr Frances Kay-Lambkin, Senior Research Fellow, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Australia. Email: [email protected]

Dr Peter Kelly, Senior Lecturer Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Australia. Email: [email protected]

Tim Leighton, Director, Centre for Addiction Treatment Studies, Action on Addiction, England. Email: [email protected]

Professor Fiona Measham, School of Applied Social Sciences, Durham University, England. Email: [email protected]

Dr Willm Mistral, Honorary Senior Research Fellow University of Bath; for 18 years managed the Mental Health Research & Development Unit, Avon & Wiltshire Mental Health Trust and University of Bath, England. Email: [email protected]

Dr Karenza Moore, Lecturer in Criminology, Department of Applied Social Science, Lancaster University, UK. Email: [email protected]

Professor David Nutt, Director Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, England. Email: [email protected]

Amanda Searl, Clinical Psychologist, Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Australia. Email: [email protected]

Dr Lesley Smith, Principal Lecturer Quantitative Research Methods, Department of Psychology, Social Work and Public Health, Oxford Brookes University, England. Email: [email protected]

Lorna Templeton, Independent Research Consultant, Member of the Board of Trustees of Adfam, and Alcohol Research UK Grants Advisory Panel, England. Email: [email protected]

Dr Louise Thornton, Research Officer, Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Australia. Email: [email protected]

Richard Velleman, Emeritus Professor of Mental Health Research, University of Bath, England. Email: [email protected]

Stephen Wilkinson, Chartered Clinical Psychologist, Visiting Research Fellow, University of Bath, England. Email: [email protected]

About the Editor

Dr Willm Mistral has a long research career related to alcohol, drug, and mental health problems. He is an Honorary Senior Research Fellow at the University of Bath. For over 18 years he managed a team of researchers in the Mental Health Research and Development Unit, a joint enterprise of the Avon and Wiltshire Mental Health Partnership Trust and the University of Bath. To date he has been involved in over 75 research projects, and has more than 50 publications in books and journals.

Preface

The Topic

Excessive consumption of drugs and alcohol is associated with widespread social problems, and policymakers as well as practitioners in the field are seeking effective means to reduce the impact on individuals, families, and wider society. A vast amount of research has been undertaken into the underlying and maintaining causes of substance misuse, and there is considerable evidence to support promising interventions for related social and psychological problems. However, much national policy and practice remains entrenched in the past, often for the want of a clear exposition, or application, of research findings.

Importantly, this book addresses theoretical, practice and policy issues with regard to problematic use of both alcohol and illicit drugs, and presents a wide range of emerging evidence-based perspectives. As well as professionals charged with devising and delivering policies and interventions to reduce alcohol- and drug-related harm, it will also interest an academic audience as problematic consumption and addictive behaviours are increasingly being studied within universities.

The Authors

The contributing authors represent expertise from a range of different specialisms and perspectives in the substance-misuse field. As such, different authors may use differing terminology, as does this preface, referring at times to substance use or misuse, problematic drug or alcohol use, excessive consumption, or addiction. No attempt has been made to homogenize these terms as the differences represent the way this complex, and sometimes divisive, subject is approached in the real world.

Acknowledgements

I am most grateful to all the contributors to this volume. They are busy people, and I feel both privileged and proud that they have made the time and effort to give of their particular knowledge, experience, and understanding of this important subject.

1

Changing Perspectives on Problematic Drug Use1

Richard Velleman

What is Drugs Policy?

Drugs policy can be said to comprise the various ways that governments and societies try to deal with substances that many people consume for pleasure or medicinal purposes but which can also have negative consequences for users, their families, or wider society. The difficulty with this view of drugs policy is that it includes so much – not only laws regulating the substances but also programmes for dealing with those who fall foul of the laws or who develop problems with substance use, and also programmes for prevention of use, or safer use. All these require efforts across a large number of sectors including policing and law enforcement, health, education, customs, ‘homeland security’, and community organizations. This is a very large canvas, and this chapter will look at only a part of it – primarily the overarching government policies that various countries have adopted, how these have changed over time, and challenges to these policy directions.

History

Societies have used, and attempted to control, intoxicating or psychoactive substances as far back as records go. In Western societies, alcohol was the substance mainly used, and correspondingly controlled, for most of recorded history. Although other substances were occasionally used (usually hallucinogens such as ‘magic mushrooms’), this was relatively rare and it was not until a range of different intoxicants became more available that use increased, and society felt the need to control that use. Although policy responses have varied, there are some main ways that large-scale societies and governments have conceptualized the issues, and these have determined the policies applied.

The experience of the United Kingdom is an interesting example. Up until the middle to late 19th century, because drugs other than alcohol were not seen as a problem, there were no drug policies, no laws, and no regulations. Instead, the government's approach was centred on an economic concept: drugs were commodities that could be traded in and with other countries, with resulting economic benefits to the United Kingdom. As Babor et al. (2010) state: