Essentials of DAS-II Assessment E-Book

Ron Dumont

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Serie: Essentials of Psychological Assessment
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 625

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2008

Beschreibung

Essentials of DAS-IIOAssessment is the best source of information on the new edition of the DASOinstrument, providing you with illuminating case reports, expert assessment of the test?s relative strengths and weaknesses, and valuable advice on its clinical applications. Written by Ron Dumont, John Willis, and Colin Elliott, this book is accompanied by a CD-ROM containing customizable Excel worksheets, PDF files, and Microsoft Word documents to conveniently allow you to add your own DAS-II evaluation results. Note: CD-ROM/DVD and other supplementary materials are not included as part of eBook file.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Essentials of Psychological Assessment Series

Title Page

Copyright Page

Dedication

SERIES PREFACE

Acknowledgements

One - OVERVIEW

STRUCTURE OF THE DAS

THEORETICAL UNDERPINNINGS

DESCRIPTION OF DAS-II

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE DAS AND THE DAS-II

STANDARDIZATION AND PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES

RELIABILITY OF THE DAS-II

VALIDITY OF THE DAS-II

DAS-II SUBTESTS AS MEASURE OF g

SUBTEST SPECIFICITY

RANGE OF GCAs, SNCs, CLUSTER STANDARD SCORES

RANGE OF SUBTEST T SCORES

Two - HOW TO ADMINISTER THE DAS-II

INTRODUCTION

TEST PREPARATION

ESTABLISHING AND MAINTAINING RAPPORT

TESTING INDIVIDUALS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS

GENERAL TESTING PROCEDURES

SUBTEST-BY-SUBTEST ADMINISTRATION

Three - TEST ADMINISTRATION FEATURES UNIQUE TO THE DAS-II: USE OF ITEM SETS AND ...

USING ITEM SETS

SUBTESTS WITH DIFFERENT ALTERNATIVE STOP POINT RULES WITHIN THE SUBTEST

EXAMPLES OF APPLYING ITEM SET RULES IN THE PATTERN CONSTRUCTION SUBTEST

HOW DO I APPLY THE 3 BY 3 RULE IF I NEED TO ADMINISTER EASIER OR HARDER ITEMS?

THREE SUBTESTS THAT DO NOT HAVE STANDARD ITEM SET RULES

SOME FINAL THOUGHTS ON THE ITEM SET APPROACH TO TEST ADMINISTRATION

BASAL AND CEILING RULES

Four - HOW TO SCORE THE DAS-II

TYPES OF SCORES

STEP BY STEP: HOW TO SCORE THE DAS

RAW SCORE

ABILITY SCORES

T SCORES, COMPOSITES AND CLUSTER SCORES

SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS IN SCORING

CONFIDENCE INTERVALS

CONFIDENCE BAND

EXTENDED GCA SCORES

Five - HOW TO INTERPRET THE DAS-II

INTRODUCTION

STEP BY STEP: STEPS FOR INTERPRETING DAS-II RESULTS

INTERPRETING CLUSTERS AND SUBTESTS

Six - STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF THE DAS-II

ASSETS OF THE DAS-II

LIMITATIONS OF DAS-II

ALTERNATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY ASSESSMENT TOOLS

Seven - CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF THE DAS-II

PRESENTATION OF MEANS OF CLINICAL GROUPS

APPLICATION OF THE DAS-II IN THE ASSESSMENT OF SPECIFIC LEARNING DISABILITIES (SLD)

ARE THERE SUBGROUPS OF DAS-II SCORE PROFILES WITHIN SLD CATEGORIES?

APPLICATION OF THE DAS-II IN THE ASSESSMENT OF ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY ...

APPLICATION OF THE DAS-II IN THE ASSESSMENT OF MENTAL RETARDATION

APPLICATION OF THE DAS-II IN THE ASSESSMENT OF INTELLECTUALLY GIFTED CHILDREN

APPLICATION OF THE DAS-II IN THE ASSESSMENT OF YOUNG CHILDREN DEVELOPMENTALLY ...

APPLICATION OF THE DAS-II IN THE ASSESSMENT OF LANGUAGE DISABILITIES

APPLICATION OF THE DAS-II IN THE ASSESSMENT OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM ...

CHAPTER SUMMARY

Eight - ILLUSTRATIVE CASE REPORTS

CASE REPORT 1

RECOMMENDATIONS

CASE REPORT 2

SUMMARY/DIAGNOSTIC IMPRESSION

CASE REPORT 3 COGNITIVE EVALUATION

TESTS USED

TEST FINDINGS

CONCLUSIONS

CASE STUDIES: ALLISON ATKINS APPENDICES SCORES USED WITH ALLISON’S TESTS

SCORES NOT USED WITH THE TESTS IN THIS REPORT (GIVEN FOR REFERENCE)

CASE REPORT 4

RECOMMENDATIONS

Appendix A - Upper Early Years Interpretive Worksheet

Appendix B - School-Age Interpretive Worksheet

References

Annotated Bibliography

Index

Essentials of Psychological Assessment Series

Series Editors, Alan S. Kaufman and Nadeen L. Kaufman

Copyright © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. Published simultaneously in Canada.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:Dumont, Ron. Essentials of DAS-II assessment / by Ron Dumont, John Willis, Colin Elliott. p. cm;—(Essentials of psychological assessment series) Includes bibliographical references and index.

eISBN : 978-0-470-45047-5

1. Differential Ability Scales. I. Willis, John Osgood. II. Elliott, Colin D. III. Title. BF432.5.D49D86 2009 153.9’3—dc22 2008016818

To Marybeth and Kate,Thank you both for always being supportive of my projects.I couldn’t, and wouldn’t be able to do any of them without you.Ron

To Ursula,with all my love for all time and with deep gratitude, appreciation,and admiration. You make everything possible and worthwhile.John

To Marian,With love and thanks for your unfailing and loving encouragement overmany years, and for your support once more during this project.Colin

SERIES PREFACE

In the Essentials of Psychological Assessment series, we have attempted to provide the reader with books that will deliver key practical information in the most efficient and accessible style. The series features instruments in a variety of domains, such as cognition, personality, education, and neuropsychology. For the experienced clinician, books in the series will offer a concise yet thorough way to master utilization of the continuously evolving supply of new and revised instruments, as well as a convenient method for keeping up to date on the tried-and-true measures. The novice will find here a prioritized assembly of all the information and techniques that must be at one’s fingertips to begin the complicated process of individual psychological diagnosis.

Wherever feasible, visual shortcuts to highlight key points are utilized alongside systematic, step-by-step guidelines. Chapters are focused and succinct. Topics are targeted for an easy understanding of the essentials of administration, scoring, interpretation, and clinical application. Theory and research are continually woven into the fabric of each book, but always to enhance clinical inference, never to sidetrack or overwhelm. We have long been advocates of what has been called intelligent testing—the notion that a profile of test scores is meaningless unless it is brought to life by the clinical observations and astute detective work of knowledgeable examiners. Test profiles must be used to make a difference in the child’s or adult’s life, or why bother to test? We want this series to help our readers become the best intelligent testers they can be.

The Essentials of DAS-II Assessment is designed to be a helpful reference to all examiners, whether they have prior experience with the DAS or are just learning the DAS-II. Weaving expert guidance throughout to help the reader avoid common examiner errors, the authors offer guidance on the test’s administration, scoring, and interpretation to assist examiners in building their competency with the DAS-II. This volume is also packaged with an accompanying CD-ROM, which contains several Microsoft Word and Excel files along with several Adobe PDF files. Many of the Word files can be opened so the user can add DAS-II evaluation results to them. Other Word files can be printed out to use as appendices to evaluation reports. The CD-ROM also contains an Excel spreadsheet file (labeled “DAS-II Computer Assistant”), designed to facilitate and automate the analysis and interpretation of obtained data.

Alan S. Kaufman, PhD, and Nadeen L. Kaufman, EdD, Series EditorsYale University School of Medicine

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Our families have been wonderfully patient and forgiving throughout the long process of producing this book. We give loving thanks to Marybeth, Kate, Ursula, Janet, Doug, Amy, Bernie, Anna, Bob, and Marian.

We are most grateful to Alan and Nadeen Kaufman for allowing us to contribute to the expanding shelf of justifiably popular and valuable Essentials of Psychological Assessment books. We owe a special debt of thanks to the staff at John Wiley & Sons. Isabel Pratt, Editor, has been incredibly patient, tolerant, supportive, and helpful throughout this arduous process. She and Sweta Gupta, Senior Editorial Assistant, now Publisher’s Assistant, have mastered the skill of herding cats, so they were able to help, guide, and redirect us through every step in producing this book. If this actually looks like a book, credit goes to Kim Nir, Senior Production Editor, and Joanna Carabello, who copyedited every letter and digit with an eagle eye.

Jerome Sattler generously permitted Ron Dumont and John Willis to work with him on the DAS chapter in his 2001 Assessment of Children: Cognitive Applications (4th ed.) and the DAS-II chapter in his 2008 Assessment of Children: Cognitive Foundations (5th ed.). Jerry’s encyclopedic knowledge, sharp insight, and relentless questioning and editing tremendously enhanced our knowledge and understanding of the Differential Ability Scales.

We thank Dr. Gloria Maccow, Clinical Measurement Consultant for The Psychological Corporation, for contributing one of the case studies in Chapter 8. Our present and past colleagues and graduate students have contributed greatly to our thinking and—such as they are—our explanatory powers. We sincerely thank them. One graduate student in particular, Joseph Salerno, must be acknowledged. His co-authorship of Chapter 4 in this book, along with his constant comments and questions about all the materials, has helped us to fine tune what is presented. Most of all, we are indebted to all the children and young adults whom we have evaluated and to their parents, teachers, and therapists, all of whom have taught us more than we can acknowledge.

One

OVERVIEW

The Differential Ability Scales-Second Edition (DAS-II; Elliott, 2007a), developed and standardized in the United States, is a modern psychological assessment instrument with a longer history than its publication date would suggest (see Rapid Reference 1.1). It is based upon its predecessor, the Differential Ability Scales (DAS; Elliott, 1990a, 1990b), which had as its origin the British Ability Scales (BAS; Elliott, 1983). As its name suggests, the DAS-II was developed with a primary focus on specific cognitive abilities rather than on general “intelligence.”

STRUCTURE OF THE DAS

The DAS-II consists of a cognitive battery of 20 subtests, covering an age range of 2 years, 6 months through 17 years, 11 months (2:6 through 17:11). The battery is divided into two overlapping age levels: (1) The Early Years battery is normed from age 2:6 through 8:11, with a usual age range of 2:6 through 6:11; (2) The School-Age battery is normed from age 5:0 through 17:11, and has a usual age range of 7:0 through 17:11. With those overlaps between the Early Years and the School Age batteries, it will be seen that the DAS-II Early Years and School-Age batteries were conormed for children ages 5:0 through 8:11 and therefore have a four-year normative overlap. (See Rapid Reference 1.2 for a description of the DAS-II subtests.)

The Early Years battery is further divided into two levels, lower and upper. The Lower Early Years level is most appropriate for young children ages 2:6 through 3:5, although it may also be used with older children with special needs. The Upper Early Years level is suitable for children normally in the age range of 3:6-6:11, although it may also be used with children up to age 8:11 if they have difficulty with the materials in the School-Age battery.