Francisco Pizarro E-Book

50MINUTES

• Herausgeber: 50Minutes.com
• Kategorie: Lebensstil
• Serie: History
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 33

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2017

Beschreibung

Keen to learn but short on time? Get to grips with the life of Francisco Pizarro in next to no time with this concise guide.

50Minutes.com provides a clear and engaging analysis of Francisco Pizarro. In the 16th century, much of the Americas was as of yet undiscovered by European explorers. After two expensive failed attempts and an agreement signed with the Spanish monarchy, Pizarro finally set out on a successful conquest to found new towns and seize the riches of the Inca Empire. Nonetheless, tensions among his own men and from the native populations would make things more difficult than he anticipated.

In just 50 minutes you will:
   • Learn about Pizarro’s first, failed expeditions around Peru
   • Gain a deeper understanding of the agreements he negotiated with the Spanish government and his new conquest of South American territories
   • Discover the problems that arose with Inca populations and the dissidence within his own troops that led to his dramatic assassination

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Leseprobe

Francisco Pizarro

Key information

Born: around 1478 in Trujillo (Crown of Castile).Died: 26 June 1541 in Lima (Peru).Aim of the expedition: conquering Peru.Regions of the world he explored: the Antilles, followed by Central and South America.Famous discoveries: Peru and the Inca Empire.

Introduction

Francisco Pizarro was one of the key figures of Spanish colonisation. After taking part in several exploration expeditions to South America, Pizarro landed on the West coast and discovered the Inca Empire, whose prosperity and wealth had already been the subject of mythical tales. After two heroic attempts, in 1529 the Spanish monarchy granted him the necessary permission and privileges to set off on a colonisation expedition to Peru with two associates. Motivated by unlimited ambition and an incredible will, Pizarro overcame all the obstacles to successfully complete his expedition: combining diplomacy, strategy and power play – sometimes at the cost of inconceivable violence – he successfully defeated the main Inca leaders and Spanish hopefuls for power in Peru. He captured the then capital, Cuzco, in 1533, and founded new Spanish towns throughout his expedition, including Lima (Ciudad de los Reyes) in 1535.

With his discovery of the Inca Empire and its wealth, Pizarro laid the bases of a new colonial state across which his family wished to assert its control, with the support of the Spanish monarchy and to the detriment of the other conquistadors. Although colonisation was carried out using violence against indigenous populations who put up real resistance, greed, jealousy and desire led to a civil war which destroyed the Spanish troops, up to the highest ranks: in June 1541, Pizarro was fatally attacked by supporters of his former associate, Almagro (1475-1538), whom he had had executed.

Biography

Portrait of Francisco Pizarro.

The illegitimate son of a noble captain, Gonzalo Pizarro y Rodríguez de Aguilar (1446-1522), and a servant girl from a poor family, Francisca González, Francisco Pizarro was the eldest child of many siblings, more illegitimate than legitimate. Little is known about his early years. The date of birth 16 March 1478, which is sometimes assigned to him, has not been confirmed. Kept away from the family by his father (whose last will and testament he moreover did not feature in), Pizarro was raised in extremely humble circumstances by his mother and was never educated. As he was illiterate, he welcomed a career in the armed forces. We know that he was in Seville in 1493, then in Italy from 1495 to 1498.

From February 1502 onwards, sources allow us to trace his life more accurately: he set sail with 2500 men for Hispaniola (modern-day Haiti/Dominican Republic), under the command of Nicolás de Ovando (1460-1518), Governor of the Indies. He was opportunistic and took part in as many expeditions as possible. In 1509, he went with Alonso de Ojeda (c. 1468-1515) to colonise the Columbian coast and the Gulf of Urabá. He then joined Martín Fernández de Enciso (c. 1470-1528), with whom he founded the town of Santa María la Antigua del Darién, capital of the Province of Tierra Firme (now in the municipality of Unguía, Colombia). When the conquistador Vasco Núñez de Balboa (1475-1519) led an uprising there which resulted in the overthrow of Enciso, Pizarro became his lieutenant and right-hand man. Together, on 29 September 1513, they reached the Pacific Ocean after crossing the Isthmus of Panama. Between 1514 and 1519, Pizarro was the lieutenant of the new governor, Pedrarias Dávila (1468-1531), the instigator of several expeditions aimed at bringing back gold and slaves. Pizarro first won his spurs during the confrontation between Dávila and Núñez de Balboa. Demonstrating infallible loyalty towards the governor, he had his former superior arrested and executed and was rewarded. Having made a name for himself, he became one of the founders and public figures of the city of Panama in August 1519.

The portrait of a man full of good intentions