From Isolation to War E-Book

Justus D. Doenecke

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Geisteswissenschaft
• Serie: The American History Series
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 457

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2015

Beschreibung

The new edition of this popular and widely-used American history textbook has been thoroughly updated to include a wealth of new scholarship on American diplomacy in the decade leading up to Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor.

• Features new material on the Washington Conference of 1921-22, early American diplomacy in the Manchurian crisis, the Panay incident, Russia’s invasion of Finland, the destroyer-bases deal, and much more
• Pays particular attention to Roosevelt's policies towards Jewish refugees, the battle between domestic groups like the America First Committee and Fight for Freedom, and the Welles mission of 1940
• Includes concise biographical sketches of major world leaders, including Hoover, FDR, Churchill, Hitler, Stalin, Mussolini, and Tojo
• Outlines and examines the debates of historians over the wisdom of U.S. policies

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Cover

Title Page

Preface

1 In Search of Peace

The Roots of Anti-Interventionism

The Disillusionment of the 1920s

A Rising Peace Sentiment

2 Manchuria

The Rise of Imperial Japan

Japan Attacks Manchuria

The Failure of American Protest

3 The Dilemmas of Neutrality

Early New Deal Diplomacy

The Nye Committee

The Spanish Civil War

Japan’s “China Incident”

The

Panay

Sinking

4 Toward War in Europe

Prelude to the European War

Germany Conquers Western Europe

The Destroyer-Bases Deal

The Nature of the Axis Threat

From H.R. 1776 to the Newfoundland Conference

The Undeclared Naval War

5 Toward War in the Pacific

America Debates Japan’s Advances

FDR’s Freezing Orders

Faltering Diplomacy

Pacific Diplomacy Evaluated

6 Day of Infamy

Pearl Harbor Attacked

The Revisionist Case Evaluated

Germany Declares War on the United States

Bibliographical Essay

Author Index

Subject Index

End User License Agreement

List of Illustrations

Chapter 01

Figure 1.1 President Franklin Delano Roosevelt signs the declaration of war on Japan, December 1941.

Chapter 02

Figure 2.1 In Asia, the Japanese undermined China’s Jian Jieshi’s (Chiang Kai-shek’s) authority. America desired to bolster Chinese resistance. Jian Jieshi is shown here in 1943 with Roosevelt and Winston Churchill.

Figure 2.2 In June 1940, Roosevelt sought to give his foreign policy a bipartisan flavor by bringing Henry L. Stimson (center), a prominent Republican, into his cabinet as secretary of war. Stimson had not only been Hoover's secretary of state but two decades earlier had served William Howard Taft as secretary of war. Stimson was a strong interventionist. Here Secretary Henry L. Stimson is shown at the Lend-Lease Hearings in 1943.

Figure 2.3 President Herbert Hoover, 1928. In dealing with the Great Depression, his administration was immersed in domestic affairs, not the worsening situation in Asia.

Figure 2.4 An earlier photo of Senator William Borah. Clashing with FDR, he said in July 1939, “I do not believe there is going to be any war in Europe, between now and the first of January or for some time thereafter.”

Chapter 03

Figure 3.1 Adolf Hitler, an image from between 1931 and 1941.

Figure 3.2 FDR gives a fireside chat in Washington, D.C.

Figure 3.3 Cordell Hull shown with Sumner Welles arriving for a conference with FDR. Hull supported FDR’s cash and carry scheme. After war broke out in Europe, FDR’s foreign policy advisor Welles traveled there to assess the situation.

Figure 3.4 The fascist partners Mussolini and Hitler on parade during Il Duce’s visit to Germany in 1937. In the 1930s, the National Socialist leader, Adolf Hitler, had become Germany’s chancellor. Hitler wanted to reassert German power in the world, recover “lost” territories, and expand his nation’s borders to provide living space. The Italian Mussolini also had thoughts of expansion.

Chapter 04

Figure 4.1 Neville Chamberlain, shown here on June 6, 1937. In 1938, as Britain’s prime minister, he tried to avoid a war with Germany by agreeing to cede parts of Czechoslovakia and the Sudetenland to Hitler’s need for

lebensraum

.

Figure 4.2 General George C. Marshall, army chief of staff, was in favor of a draft in 1940. To him, there was no other conceivable way to secure “trained, seasoned men in adequate numbers.” “You cannot get a sufficiently trained force … just by passing an Act of Congress when war breaks out …” Anti-interventionists questioned Marshall’s assumptions. Shown here in later years, he was to become Truman’s secretary of state.

Figure 4.3 FDR with Winston Churchill at the Atlantic Conference, 1941.

Figure 4.4 Josef Stalin, an image from between 1931 and 1941.

Chapter 05

Figure 5.1 The Purple Decoding Machine. By the fall of 1940, American cryptographers had cracked the Purple Cipher, Japan’s highest diplomatic code. The new intelligence informed leaders in Washington of Japanese designs to the south, but this knowledge did little to relieve the agony of deciding what America’s response should be.

Figure 5.2 General Tojo Hideki, a short man whose quick intelligence gave him the nickname of “Razor Brain.” He became Japan’s prime minister in October 1941.

Chapter 06

Figure 6.1 Admiral Yamamoto Isoruku mused, “Under present conditions I think war is inevitable. If it comes, I believe there would be nothing for me to do but attack Pearl Harbor at the outset, thus tipping the balance of power in our favor.” The architect of the attack on Pearl Harbor, Yamamoto first broached this scheme in the spring of 1940. Shown here on December 12, 1941, shortly after the attack on Pearl Harbor.

Figure 6.2 Aboard a Japanese carrier before the attack on Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941.

Figure 6.3 Aerial view taken during the attack on Pearl Harbor.

Figure 6.4 USS Arizona.

Figure 6.5 The wrecked USS Downes and USS Cassin.

Figure 6.6 Damaged battleships.

Figure 6.7 A damaged airfield.

Guide

Cover

Table of Contents

Begin Reading

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From Isolation to War

1931–1941

Fourth Edition

Justus D. Doenecke

John E. Wilz

This fourth edition first published 2015© 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Edition History: Thomas Y. Crowell Co. (1e, 1968); Harlan Davidson, Inc(2e, 1991; 3e, 2003)

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Doenecke, Justus D., author.From isolation to war, 1931–1941 / Justus D. Doenecke, John E. Wilz. – Fourth edition.  pages cm – (The American history series) Includes bibliographical references and index.

 ISBN 978-1-118-95230-6 (cloth) – ISBN 978-1-118-95232-0 (pbk.) 1. United States–Foreignrelations–1933–1945. 2. United States–Foreign relations–1929–1933. I. Wilz, John Edward, author. II. Title. III. Series: American history series (Arlington Heights, Ill.) E806.D624 2015 327.73009′04–dc23    2015021593

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Cover image: American battleships hit by Japanese planes during their attack on Pearl Harbour, 7 December 1941. Photo Sipa Press / Rex Features