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- Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
- Kategorie: Religion und Spiritualität
- Sprache: Englisch
Dive into the ghostly world of the supernatural with America’s leading paranormal investigator
Inside, paranormal investigator, star, and executive producer of The Travel Channel's hit series, Ghost Adventures and founder of the award-winning Haunted Museum (Las Vegas’ most popular attraction), Zak Bagans takes readers on an exciting journey into the supernatural world. With insider information on the history of ghost-hunting to learning about ghosts with all kinds of temperaments, Ghost-Hunting For Dummies is peppered with true accounts and stories from Bagans' famous cases and investigations.
Featuring expert advice on picking a haunted location, setting up cameras, and dealing with unwieldy ghosts, this book shows how today's investigators use the tools of modern science to study a wide range of paranormal activity.
- Take an exciting adventure into the supernatural world
- Explore haunted sites
- Get messages from beyond the grave
- Read true accounts from famous cases and investigations
If you're one of the countless fans of Ghost Adventures itching to get off the couch and track some spirits on your own, this book provides everything you need to know to conduct a successful paranormal investigation.
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Seitenzahl: 836
Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2020
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Ghost-Hunting For Dummies®
Published by: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, www.wiley.com
Copyright © 2020 Zak Bagans
Published simultaneously in Canada
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Library of Congress Control Number: 2019952067
ISBN 978-1-119-58475-9 (pbk); ISBN 978-1-119-58476-6 (ePDF); ISBN 978-1-119-75753-5 (epub)
Ghost-Hunting For Dummies®
To view this book's Cheat Sheet, simply go to www.dummies.com and search for “Ghost-Hunting For Dummies Cheat Sheet” in the Search box.
Table of Contents
Cover
Introduction
About This Book
Foolish Assumptions
Icons Used in This Book
Beyond the Book
Where to Go from Here
Part 1: The Basics of Ghost-Hunting
Chapter 1: Searching for Spirits: Why Do We Do It?
My Approach to Ghost-Hunting
The Search for Life after Death
Chasing Ghosts
Is All the Work Really Worth It?
Chapter 2: The Phenomenon of Ghost-Hunting
Ghosts in Antiquity
Classic Encounters with Ghosts
Spiritualism and the Beginning of Paranormal Research
The First Ghost-Hunters
Chapter 3: Believing in Ghosts and Spirits
Incorporating Ghosts into the Christian World
Ghost Stories
Exploring American Belief in the Supernatural
After-Death Communications
Chapter 4: What’s Science Got to Do with It?
The Relationship between Science and the Supernatural
Sir William Crookes and the Paranormal
William James and “One White Crow”
Thomas Edison and Communicating with the Dead
Examining Mysteries with J.B. Rhine
Ghosts Don’t Always Perform on Command
Adapting the Scientific Method
Using History as Science
Chapter 5: Seeing the Spirit World as Entertainment
Having Fun with the Spirit World
Viewing Ghosts at the Movies
Changing Ghost-Hunting with the Internet
Watching How Television Changed It Again
Chapter 6: Preparing to Look for Ghosts
Getting in the Right Frame of Mind
Ghost-Hunting with an Open Mind
Things to Know Before You Begin
Part 2: Investigating Ghosts and Hauntings
Chapter 7: Researching the Spirit World
What Are Hauntings?
Traditional Hauntings
Residual Hauntings
Poltergeist-Like Activity
Portal Hauntings
Demonic Hauntings
Haunted Objects
Chapter 8: Where the Ghosts Are
Finding Ghosts
Chapter 9: The Ghost-Hunter’s Toolkit
Exploring the Basic Items for Investigations
Ghost-Hunting Experiments
Ghost-Detection Devices: The Basics
Ghost-Detection Devices: The Advanced
Using Other Detection Devices
Final Thoughts on Ghost-Hunting Equipment
Chapter 10: The Dangers of Investigating
What Not to Do as a Ghost-Hunter
Health Hazards from Ghost-Hunting
Part 3: Putting Your Paranormal Research into Action
Chapter 11: Ghosts on Film: Using Your Camera to Capture Evidence of Ghosts
A Brief History of Photography
Understanding Cameras
Evaluating Anomalies in Photographs
Photography in Paranormal Investigations
Using Video in Your Investigations
Analyzing Your Photographs
Chapter 12: Talking to Ghosts
Table Tipping
Automatic Writing
Talking Boards
EVP — The Voices of the Dead
Using Devices to Talk to the Dead
Chapter 13: Putting It All into Practice: The Paranormal Investigation
What to Do Before You Get There
Tracking Down Leads
Guidelines for Your Investigation
Setting Up the Nerve Center
Starting and Conducting an Investigation
Learning Ghost-Watch Skills
Chasing the Poltergeist
Examining the House
Investigating Outdoors
Going out in the Dark
Chapter 14: Interviewing the Haunted
Sample Questions for the Paranormal Witness
Interviewing Children
Chapter 15: Authenticating the Ghosts
Reaching into the Past
Bringing the Dead to Life
Chapter 16: The Mundane Side of Ghost-Hunting
Building Your Case Reports
Picking a Case Manager
Organizing Your Records and Files
Releases and Permission Forms
Covering Your Assets
Chapter 17: When Things Go Wrong
Afraid of Ghosts
Equipment Failures
Weather and the Paranormal
When Spirits Attack
Faking the Ghosts
Chapter 18: Going beyond Just a Hobby
Making Contact with Other Investigators
Building an Online Presence
Building a Presence in Your Local Community
Attending Lectures and Workshops
Starting a Ghost Tour
Part 4: The Part of Tens
Chapter 19: America’s Ten Most Haunted Cities and Towns
Virginia City, Nevada
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
New Orleans, Louisiana
Hollywood, California
Salem, Massachusetts
Savannah, Georgia
San Francisco, California
Alton, Illinois
Vicksburg, Mississippi
Charleston, South Carolina
Chapter 20: Ten of America’s Most Haunted Places
Goldfield Hotel
Washoe Club
Crescent Hotel
Trans-Allegheny Lunatic Asylum
Queen Mary
Pennhurst State School
Bobby Mackey’s Music World
Winchester Mystery House
Waverly Hills Sanitorium
The Haunted Museum
Chapter 21: Ten Signs Your House Is Haunted — and What to Do Next
Unexplained Temperature Drops
Electrical Glitches
Unusual Smells
Movement of Objects
Unidentifiable Sounds
Odd Behavior from Your Pets
Feelings of a Nearby Presence
Sensation of Being Touched
Seeing Shadows and Movement
Feelings of Depression and Sadness
Actions You Can Take
Index
About the Author
Advertisement Page
Connect with Dummies
End User License Agreement
List of Illustrations
Chapter 2
FIGURE 2-1: The Bell Witch of Tennessee.
FIGURE 2-2: The Fox sisters.
FIGURE 2-3: The levitation of Douglas Home.
FIGURE 2-4: Harry Price.
FIGURE 2-5: The Borley Rectory.
FIGURE 2-6: Hans Holzer.
FIGURE 2-7: Ed and Lorraine Warren.
Chapter 4
FIGURE 4-1: Katie King.
FIGURE 4-2: Thomas Edison.
FIGURE 4-3: Zener’s psychic cards.
Chapter 7
FIGURE 7-1: Poltergeist activity.
FIGURE 7-2: The Demon House.
FIGURE 7-3: Dybbuk Box.
FIGURE 7-4: The Hands Invent Him.
FIGURE 7-5: Robert the Doll.
FIGURE 7-6: The Annabelle doll.
Chapter 8
FIGURE 8-1:
Ghost Adventures
at Lemp Mansion.
FIGURE 8-2:
Ghost Adventures
at Bachelor’s Grove Cemetery.
FIGURE 8-3:
Ghost Adventures
at the Stanley Hotel.
FIGURE 8-4:
Ghost Adventures
at the Crescent Hotel.
FIGURE 8-5:
Ghost Adventures
at Waverly Hills Sanitorium.
FIGURE 8-6:
Ghost Adventures
in Alcatraz.
Chapter 9
FIGURE 9-1: Harry Price’s ghost-hunting kit.
FIGURE 9-2: A meter.
FIGURE 9-3: A REM pod.
Chapter 11
FIGURE 11-1: The Kodak Brownie camera.
FIGURE 11-2: A spirit photograph by William Mumler.
FIGURE 11-3: The Brown Lady of Raynham Hall.
Chapter 12
FIGURE 12-1: A Ouija board.
FIGURE 12-2: A reel-to-reel tape recorder.
FIGURE 12-3: The P-SB7 Spirit Box used during
Ghost Adventures
.
FIGURE 12-4:
Ghost Adventures
with an Ovilus device.
Chapter 13
FIGURE 13-1: The
Ghost Adventures
nerve center in action.
FIGURE 13-2:
Ghost Adventures
team during an investigation.
Chapter 19
FIGURE 19-1: The Gettysburg battlefield.
FIGURE 19-2: Jackson Square in New Orleans.
FIGURE 19-3: The Mineral Springs Hotel.
Chapter 20
FIGURE 20-1: The Washoe Club.
FIGURE 20-2: The Trans-Allegheny Lunatic Asylum.
FIGURE 20-3: The
Queen Mary
.
FIGURE 20-4: Pennhurst State School and Hospital.
FIGURE 20-5: Bobby Mackey’s Music World.
FIGURE 20-6: Winchester Mansion.
FIGURE 20-7: At The Haunted Museum.
FIGURE 20-8: Artifacts from Natalie Wood’s yacht
.
Posing with Captain Dennis Da...
Guide
Cover
Table of Contents
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Introduction
Thank you for picking up this book. I hope that it will be useful to you as a common sense guide to paranormal investigation. It wasn’t written to say that I have all the answers when it comes to the paranormal. No one really does. We are all learning and discovering as we go, but I hope that you can learn something from the research that I have done over the years and make what it contains work for you.
About This Book
This book was written to provide a general reference for paranormal research and ghost-hunting. In a field that is always changing, it can be difficult to offer a specific guide. The field of paranormal research has been around for more than 170 years, and it’s always changing. Many tried and true methods of investigation have been replaced by scientific equipment and new ideas, but I have tried to combine these things to help you as you search for compelling evidence in your own research.
This book has a very simple goal: Provide the reader with the essential information needed to conduct research into ghosts and the paranormal. But this goal is deceptively simple because the outcome of such research is not simple at all. In fact, it can be so complex and confusing that many people walk away from the paranormal field every day, scratching their heads and wondering if all the work and effort is really worth it. Trust me, it is!
Just remember that this is a guide that was written for you, the ghost-hunter. Obviously, I won’t have all the answers about ghosts until I am one myself, but I can pass along the knowledge, ideas, and theories that have been gained by my own past experiences with hauntings. My hope is that you, as the reader and the researcher, will be able to take away at least one small piece of what you find in this book for yourself and use it in your own investigations. You’ll be able to see what I have done and, hopefully, learn from what I have discovered over the years. If you manage to gain some new ideas and discover some new methods from this book, then I can consider it a success.
I should also point out that the ideas in this book are my own, based on my own years of research. Paranormal investigators, no matter how experienced, do not uniformly agree on what makes a place become haunted or even about what ghosts actually are. Everyone has his or her own ideas on the subject, and mine are certainly not meant to be the final word on it. I’m not afraid to state my opinions, though, and am willing to run the risk that you may not agree with them. That’s fine by me — you don’t need to agree with what I have to say. I just hope that you’ll form your own opinions and at least find some things here that you can put to work for yourself.
So, what can you expect in the pages ahead?
Foolish Assumptions
In this book, I make some assumptions that very well may be foolish, about you, your ghost-hunting experience, and your goals.
You are fascinated with ghosts, hauntings, and the unexplained and may even have some experience with paranormal investigation.
You have patience and a determination to learn more about the subject matter in hopes of increasing your knowledge about the best ways to investigate the unknown.
You are willing to approach the subject with an open mind.
You are willing to devote time and energy to gathering authentic evidence of the paranormal and doing everything you can to rule out natural explanations for anomalies before assuming they are paranormal.
Icons Used in This Book
Throughout the margin of this book are small images, known as icons. These icons mark important tidbits of information:
The Tip icon identifies places where I offer additional tips that will enhance your investigation, knowledge, or skills.
The Remember icon bookmarks important notes about information that you’ll want to remember.
The Warning icon helps to protect you from making the common mistakes that should be avoided by all ghost-hunters.
This icon highlights my words of wisdom or personal experiences.
Beyond the Book
In addition to what you’re reading right now, this product also comes with a free access-anywhere Cheat Sheet that covers well-known ghosts and haunted places. To get this Cheat Sheet, simply go to www.dummies.com and search for “Ghost-Hunting For Dummies Cheat Sheet” in the Search box.
Where to Go from Here
I wish you good luck on the strange journey that you are about to begin into the world of paranormal investigation. Remember that genuine and compelling evidence of the spirit world doesn’t always come quickly. It often takes a long time to find the authentic cases that you are looking for, but this book helps you tell the difference between the natural and supernatural events you encounter.
Part 1
The Basics of Ghost-Hunting
IN THIS PART …
Ghost-hunting, from the beginning of recorded time, through the Spiritualist era, to modern-day ghost-hunters
The belief in ghosts and the spirit world
An exploration of science and the spirit world
How ghost-hunting has been shaped by popular culture
Why do you want to look for ghosts?
Chapter 1
Searching for Spirits: Why Do We Do It?
IN THIS CHAPTER
Searching for life after death
Looking for ghosts
Turning an interest in ghosts into paranormal research
I was once assured by an award-winning physicist that we have nothing to fear from ghosts because they simply do not exist. They cannot walk among us, he said, because their feet would have to apply pressure to the floor. If they were able to do this, they could not pass through walls because being able to do one without being able to do the other would violate the scientific laws of action and reaction.
In the foreword to Rosemary Ellen Guiley’s Encyclopedia of Ghosts and Spirits (New York, NY: Facts on File, Inc., 2007), Troy Taylor writes:
Ghosts, quite simply, he explained, cannot be real.
Like so many other scientists throughout history, this physicist was basing his ideas about spirits on his own personal beliefs. Science demands that for something to truly be “real,” it has to be capable of being duplicated over and over again under scientific conditions. As we know, the supernatural rarely conforms to the idea of repeatable experiments. We can measure, document, and record, but ghosts seldom perform in the way that mainstream science requires. Ghosts avoid the laboratory. If you drag them out of the shadows and expose them to the harsh glare of what science is convinced is reality, they tend to vanish.
But yet, those of you reading this book believe that ghosts are real. So do I. Like many of you, I have seen them, felt them, experienced them, and, in some cases, have had them uncomfortably attached to me in ways that I do not appreciate.
How can they be real, though, if science says they cannot exist? If millions of Americans did not believe in ghosts, this book would not exist. Neither would the hundreds of other books out there or the television shows that fascinate so many people. Nationwide polls tell us that 1 in 3 Americans believe that houses can be haunted. An even larger percentage of people believe communicating with the dead is possible. If ghosts don’t exist, why do millions of people believe that they do?
This is a perplexing question to most scientists and skeptics, but not others. Those who research the paranormal know that reports of ghosts and spirits have been with us for centuries, dating back to the days of Ancient Rome. Ordinary people have been having encounters with the spirits of the dead longer than history has been recorded and, of course, are still having them today.
Such encounters serve to keep mainstream scientists and hardened skeptics lying awake at night, unable to sleep and paralyzed by fear. This is not because they are afraid of ghosts but because they are afraid that the grip they have on society, demanding that they not believe in such things, has started to slip again.
This is not the first time that such a thing has happened. In the 19th century, scientists were shaken to the core by the rise of the Spiritualist movement, which believed that the spirits of the dead could communicate with the living. Angered by the fact that new innovations in the scientific field had just started to break the hold that superstition and religion had on society, they immediately set about to debunk everything possible about Spiritualism. And although many hoaxes were exposed, there were just enough genuine mediums among the fakes to send many of the scientists back to their universities and laboratories in fear. Others, like Sir William Crookes, Sir Oliver Lodge, and others, became convinced of the reality of life after death.
Today, with new technology assailing us from every side, scientists have once again assured us not to worry — ghosts, hauntings, and haunted houses are not real. In this modern era, such things cannot exist. There is nothing out there in the dark.
This is what they tell us, but we know differently, don’t we? (Taylor, vi-vii)
My Approach to Ghost-Hunting
Using my own experiences with ghost research, I’m offering a system for investigating hauntings that has worked for me. I also discuss working with witnesses, dealing with ghost sightings, conducting interviews, finding haunted places, working with spirit communication devices, using equipment and new techniques and experiments you can use during your investigations, and much more.
I also delve into the basics of ghost research, including the nature of ghosts themselves and real-life haunted houses. I should note here that the term “haunted house” can mean a lot of things from old decaying mansions to new tract homes but remember that just about any place can become haunted, including churches, theaters, libraries, office buildings, and even caves, tunnels, and graveyards. What we call “haunting” activity in such locations can be any sort of unexplained happenings, like apparitions, footsteps, noises, odors, and more. For a spot to be considered genuinely haunted, the reported phenomena must be directly related to the place itself. For example, we can refer to a family that lives in a haunted house and decides to move out. If the house is really haunted, the next family who lives there should experience the same things as the previous one.
However, there are many different kinds of hauntings. No two cases are ever exactly alike. When conducting your research, you’re bound to discover various kinds of activity and sometimes, believe it or not, it will be at the same location.
In some places, ghosts are seen. Some reports claim that they are white, mist-like forms that only resemble a person. They are sometimes transparent, and you are able to see through them. In other cases, the ghosts are reported as appearing very life-like. In fact, witnesses sometimes mistake the ghosts for living persons, at least until they vanish into the wall or disappear through a solid door.
Ghosts don’t always make an appearance. In the majority of cases, ghostly noises are heard instead. Witnesses report everything from footsteps to voices, mumbling, whispers, knocking sounds, and more. And in other houses, furniture, knick-knacks. and solid objects fly about by themselves. At other times, doors open or close, lights and appliances behave erratically, or phantom smells come and go without logical explanation. In other words, you never know what you will find in a haunted location and hopefully, this book will help prepare you for that.
In addition to the wide variety of things that you might encounter at a haunted place, there are also a lot of things that you probably won’t. There exist a great many misconceptions about ghosts and hauntings. Ghosts don’t appear with sheets draped over their heads, rattling chains, and ghosts are usually not out to kill anyone or avenge their deaths. The instances of harmful ghosts are so rare that the few cases that have been documented have caused a huge sensation. That’s not to say that people don’t get hurt during hauntings or encounter negative or demonic entities. We deal with that in the book, as well.
There are also many misconceptions about haunted houses. For example, many believe that only old, ramshackle buildings can become haunted. This is not true, as many relatively new homes have been known to attract ghosts. Theories about ghosts, hauntings, and more will be discussed throughout the book.
Even so, there seem to be few clear-cut answers when it comes to ghosts. For decades, ghost researchers have wondered what force or intelligence lies behind a haunting.
One view is that a location becomes haunted when some tragedy, like a death or a murder, takes place there. This is apparently true in some cases, but not in all. But are ghosts really the spirits of the dead, come back to haunt us? Are they somehow attached to the places where they lived and died? Or could ghosts be “memory pictures” of the past or “energy discharges” that replay over and over again? Could some ghosts be only the memory of something that is so real that sometimes we can see it? Could some ghosts be only in our minds? For example, perhaps a friend died, and soon after, we are walking down the street, look into a window and, just for a moment, see our friend’s face looking back. The next day, perhaps we see him getting on a bus or driving a car in the opposite direction on a street. Is he really there? Is he a ghost? Or is this just a memory that is so vivid to us that we have made it real in our minds?
Ghosts can be any of these things and perhaps all of them. And I explore all these ideas in this book.
The Search for Life after Death
If you ask 100 different paranormal investigators why they hunt for ghosts, you are likely to get 100 different variations of the same answer. Many started simply, collecting strange tales and ghost stories, and then decided to see if there was anything behind the stories other than folklore and urban legends. Others started because they wanted to look beyond the horizon and beyond what is generally accepted as “reality.” Many say that they want to help people. They want to ease the fears of people who are experiencing a haunting and either help them understand that nothing in their home will hurt them or assist them in getting rid of the spirit that is causing the problem in the first place.
Other researchers may say that they are seeking answers for scientific reasons, to prove that the theory about energy is correct — that it does not die but merely changes form. Some confess that they search for spirits in spooky places for the thrill of it. They like to be scared.
No matter the reason for their fascination with the spirit world, it really boils down to a search for the same thing — proof of life after death. Polls show that the vast majority of people believe in an afterlife. Three out of four Americans believe in the existence of heaven or hell. Paranormal researchers are trying to find the evidence that affirms the belief that so many of us already have. We are seeking the elusive answer as to whether our spirits have somewhere to go when our bodies cease to function. Pure faith is not necessarily enough for the researcher. We want to know that what we believe in is real and by capturing evidence of it, we can do so.
Although ghosts are more widely accepted than they were even a few years ago, paranormal researchers still have a long way to go to validate the things they believe to be genuine. To do that, we use equipment, investigative techniques, and advanced technology to hunt for evidence of ghosts. This validation is essential to the cause, for what good are beliefs if no evidence exists to back them up? If we choose not to seek that validation, we can be happy and contented in our belief that ghosts are real but in the end, we have achieved nothing.
Chasing Ghosts
As the reader often hears throughout this book, the best kind of tool available to you as a paranormal investigator is yourself. It is your research, your knowledge, and how you put them to use that guarantees your success as researcher. This book has the simple goal of providing the reader with the essential information needed to collect evidence of ghosts and the existence of the paranormal. This goal is not as simple as it sounds, though. Paranormal research can be challenging, complex, unnerving, and confusing. I can assure you that it is worth it, but like anything else you may do, it is only as rewarding as the effort that you put into it. Hopefully, this book can show you how to make that effort worthwhile and show you that paranormal investigation is not only enlightening but thrilling, too.
I hope that the information that you find here encourages you to pick up this book again and again and I hope that the ideas, theories, and accounts within spark your interest and inspire you to develop your own theories about ghosts and paranormal research. I have passed along my own knowledge, ideas, and experiences so that you can take what I have learned and adapt that to further your own search for knowledge.
Always remember that it is okay to say, “I don’t know.” Paranormal researchers do not uniformly agree on what makes a place become haunted, how spirits behave, or even about what ghosts actually are. There seem to be very few clear-cut answers but that should never stop us from searching for them. Ghosts may be the spirits of the dead, returned to haunt us, attached to the place where they lived and died. They may be residual memories, energy that repeats itself over and over again. Ghosts may be any of these things and perhaps all of them.
And that brings us back around to mainstream science.
We are in a field with no absolute answers and this makes it difficult to prove that ghosts exist but, I believe, not impossible. By definition, a ghost is a disembodied personality, and mainstream science states that no physical evidence of the human personality even exists. Science will not admit that such a thing is present inside of the body while it is still functioning, let alone outside of the body when we are dead.
But, of course, the human personality is real. It exists. It cannot be determined by scientific experiments, much like ghosts cannot. But we know it to be the truth. Hundreds of years ago, mainstream science believed that the earth was flat. A Greek named Pythagoras was the first to introduce the idea that the world was round, but it would not be for another 300 years before another Greek, Eratosthenes, would create a mathematical theory to back up the idea. Even then, it was dismissed by most as ridiculous. It would not be until Magellan finally sailed around the world in 1522 that proof of the world being round was finally accepted. His “experiment” finally proved that the earth really was round.
Someday, I believe that our own “experiments” will finally start to convince the skeptics that the paranormal is real. It will no longer be a matter of belief or faith but hard evidence that the dead do live on and that they can interact with the living.
Is All the Work Really Worth It?
At this point, you may have realized how much work it takes to be a reputable researcher, and you may be wondering whether it is worth it. I can assure you that it is. Tens of thousands of people around the country are involved in ongoing paranormal research, and I am fairly certain they all would agree with me.
We all may have different reasons for pursuing the paranormal, but it all boils down to doing the work. There are many things that a good paranormal investigator must be armed with. He or she needs equipment, cameras, and tools of the trade. He or she must know what to look for, how to operate the equipment, know what questions to ask, know how to properly investigate, know how to follow up, and more.
The common factor with all these things, though, is the investigator. As mentioned, he or she becomes the most important tool in any investigation. This person must use his or her mind, judgment, and powers of observation in every case. No equipment, recorders, or books are going to help in an investigation if the investigator is unwilling to pursue the paranormal to the best of his or her ability.
An investigator must always remember that the goal of this pursuit has many layers. Not only are we seeking evidence of spirits, but we are also there to help the client who called us in to investigate in the first place. It may be a distressed person or a frightened family and one of the investigator’s main responsibilities is to assist them. At that time and place, you will seem like the best friend they have.
If you are just starting out, don’t be surprised if it takes some time to track down a genuine case and some hard evidence. You will get involved in a lot of investigations and meet some very scared people who believe their house is haunted. You will likely find a lot of creaking floorboards, banging pipes, faulty outlets, and drafty windows before you ever find what you believe is a ghost.
Do not give up, though! Being a paranormal investigator can be a long, strange, frustrating trip but when you do find that first genuine case, you will be happy you decided to stick with it.
Chapter 2
The Phenomenon of Ghost-Hunting
IN THIS CHAPTER
Looking at ghosts from other countries
Exploring famous ghost encounters
Discovering the roots of paranormal research
A belief in the supernatural has existed in every time period and in every part of the world. Ghosts have been one of the most enduring of man’s preoccupations. Ghosts, phantoms, specters, wraiths, apparitions, and poltergeists — all manifestations of the supernatural — have always fascinated believers and skeptics alike. Evidence of this claim is not hard to find. We find them in books, in magazines, in films, and on television. It is rare to find a family that cannot dig up a ghost story or two that was told by some old relative and is still remembered today with a mix of both amusement and unease. Ghosts are a subject that touches everyone. Even if you haven’t seen or encountered one, you likely know someone who has.
In this chapter, I take a look at how the belief in ghosts and spirits began in the ancient world, became a phenomenon in the 19th century, and continues to haunt people today.
Ghosts in Antiquity
The idea of the dead returning to the material world dates back as far as Stone Age man, who buried his dead with ceremonies that were intended to ensure that the deceased’s soul rested in peace. We can only guess to what extent these ancient men were bothered by spirits, but some of the earliest written records of mankind present many legends of apparitions that had already been around for centuries.
In his book, Ghosts: The Illustrated History (Secaucus, NJ: Chartwell Books, 1987), author Peter Haining takes a long look at the history of ghosts and ghostly encounters through history, and provides a fascinating look back in time at what our ancestors believed about the supernatural. He states that based on early writings, belief in disembodied spirits can be established among the people of Babylonia. They had adopted the beliefs of the Sumerians who lived in the valleys of the Euphrates. They believed that the dead visited the living as spirits.
Early man felt that these spirits fell into three distinct categories:
The soul of the dead
A phantom or demon whose mission it was to harass the living
The peculiar part-human, part-ghost spirit, which was the offspring between human beings and residents of the spirit world
The Assyrians were among the earliest people to define different spirits and give them names. There was the utukku, a ghost that lay in wait for unsuspecting travelers in deserted locations and graveyards. They could cause serious illness for those who merely saw them. The alu was a terrifying specter that sometimes appeared without a mouth, ears, or limbs and sprang on the unwary and “enveloped them as in a garment,” to quote one record. The alu sometimes pursued a man to his home, but the spirit most closely associated with haunting houses was called the ekimmu, which was the spirit of a person who was not properly buried. A visitation from this entity was said to predict a death in the family. This restless spirit was sometimes heard to moan and cry, and it served as the origin of the banshee and other visitants who became known for bringing news of death and disaster. The Assyrians believed that all these spirits were the direct result of failing to offer the proper rituals for the dead or leaving a corpse unburied.
There are not a lot of specific descriptions of ghosts in ancient texts, but the Babylonians have left behind the dramatic story of the Epic of Gilgamesh, which, being over 4,000 years old, may be the oldest of all ghost stories. It tells the tale of a Babylonian hero, Gilgamesh, who appeals to the god Negral to restore his friend and is rewarded by an apparition that rises up like wind in the form of a transparent human shape.
Egyptians
The Egyptians had the most extensive array of demon spirits in the ancient world, the majority of whom prowled the land seeking to harm humanity unless they were appeased by special offerings. The peculiar ideas that the Egyptians had about the human body influenced their belief in ghosts. They felt that man consisted of a physical form, a spirit form, a shadow, a soul, a heart, a presence they called khu, and a person’s name. The khu, unlike the other ephemeral aspects of the person, became a wandering and unhappy spirit after death. It could not only cause illness in the living but could also possess animals, driving them into a frenzy. The khu of suicides, executed criminals, those drowned at sea, and the unburied dead were believed to be the most malevolent of ghosts.
Apart from appeasing the ghosts by ritual offerings, the Egyptians believed they could communicate with the spirits of the departed. Sometimes in an effort to placate a particularly bothersome spirit, a scroll appealing to the dead man would be placed on his tomb. In the scroll, the haunted person would state that he had done nothing to deserve the torment, and that when both met in the spirit world, he would be judged as a wronged individual. The spirit, fearing a threat of not qualifying for the delights of the afterworld, would hopefully cease the haunting.
Arabs
The Arabs, who also believed in many kinds of ghosts, were convinced that if a man was murdered, his ghost would appear from the spot where his blood stained the ground unless it could be held in place by driving a nail into the spot where the death occurred. This tradition, known as nailing down the ghost, foreshadowed the idea of rendering a vampire harmless by staking it through the heart.
Exploring the histories of various nations during this early period, one finds how similar ghost traditions were — in particular, the still relevant idea that ruined buildings are invariably haunted. Such a belief began with the idea that while ghosts would obviously prefer occupied buildings, these places were often protected against intrusion by amulets and charms and therefore, they had to seek refuge where no such obstructions existed. In Assyrian texts, familiar adages like “hair standing on end” from fright can be found, along with “goosebumps” that would appear unless prayers were uttered immediately. In all the early stories, accounts of ghosts also describe them as being of human shape and appearance. Not much has changed since the beginning of recorded time!
Greeks and Romans
The Greeks and Romans introduced the first really detailed descriptions of ghosts and their mythology. Both believed that the spirits of the dead roamed the land to haunt those who were evil, to terrify the upright, and interfere in the affairs of the living. The spirits of those who had lived good lives were distinguished by the name of lares. Wicked spirits were referred to as larvae or lemures. Sacrifices were often offered to them, and during festivals held in their honor, it was customary to burn black beans over their graves and to beat drums so that the noxious fumes of the beans and the noise of the drums would drive away ghosts in the vicinity.
Some of the best examples of Greek apparitions can be found within the pages of the Odyssey. During his travels, Ulysses has several encounters with ghosts. Spirits also appear in the Aeneid, and Virgil also informs readers that the Greeks believed that Charon could not ferry the spirits of unburied persons over the Styx, so they wandered up and down the river banks for hundreds of years, after which they were finally permitted to cross. The satirist Lucian brought a little light relief to the subject by writing about a “ghost club” whose members met to discuss apparitions and other phenomena. Was this the first ghost-hunting organization in history — or at least the first time the idea was created?
Roman history is also filled with tales of ghosts and spirits, including a fascinating occurrence that was recorded by Pliny, the consul at Sura. There was a house at Athens haunted by a ghost who roamed through the building, dragging a heavy chain behind him. Athenodorous, the philosopher, rented the house and was determined to quiet the spirit. One night, the silence was broken by the rattling of chains, and the specter entered the room. At first, Athenodorous didn’t pay any attention to it, but when the ghost rattled the chains again, he looked up and the ghost beckoned for him to follow. He was led out into the courtyard by the spectral guide, who pointed to a certain spot on the ground and then vanished. Puzzled, the philosopher marked the spot and the next day had the ground dug up. A skeleton of a man, wrapped in chains, was discovered beneath the earth. Athenodorous had it publicly burned, and after that, the ghost was never seen again.
The story of Caesar’s violent end, foretold to his wife, Calpurnia, by a spirit became an important part of Roman lore, as did the legend of the emperor’s spirit returning to haunt one of his assassins, Brutus. But this was not the only time the unfortunate Brutus was visited by a ghost. Another spirit, this time predicting his death, appeared to him when his army was waiting to do battle with the triumvirate in Greece. One night, according to the record of the incident, Brutus was in his tent working, when he saw a ghost appear at his side. It was described as “horrifying in its gigantic proportions and pale, emaciated face.” For a time, the specter was silent, and then Brutus asked it what it wanted. The spirit replied, “I am your evil spirit. You will see me again at Philippi.” The ghost was right. Brutus encountered the ghost again on the night before his defeat and death.
Scandinavians
Scandinavia was also a region filled with stories of ghosts at this time in history. It was customary for the Nordic people to perform ceremonies at the graves of their dead to appease the spirits and to make it easier for them to enter the halls of Valhalla.
Indians
In India, there were fearsome ghosts known variously as virikas, paisachi, or bauta, the latter being particularly horrific with small, red bodies, the teeth of lions, and the habit of wandering around at night chattering in a nasal tone. It was customary in some parts of the country to build small shrines to them that were formed of a pile of stones on top of which was a sheltered spot where food and other small offerings could be left. There was also a class of men in the country called cani or shaycana, who were supposed to have the power to frighten away troublesome spirits. They charged a fee for their services, with the price depending on the alleged powers of the ghost and its relationship to the family that hired them.
Chinese
The Chinese were another civilization with a dread of ghosts, particularly of those who had been murdered. According to legend, the Chinese spirit was first seen in shapeless form, the head forming first, then the feet, and finally, the body. The faces had no chins. Chinese tradition is filled with references to apparitions, seen in the clothing they wore on earth and surrounded by a green light. Chinese lore contains a list of 60 evil ghosts, each of which appeared for one day during a cycle of 60 days. To drive off these specters, the people hung talismans on their walls that were decorated with pictures of warriors and with money that was offered to convince the spirits to go away. They also took part in a curious ceremony called “Appeasing the Burning Mouths,” which took place on the 17th day of the 7th moon, when plates of cakes were laid out with invitations on them that were addressed to the “Honorable Homeless Ghosts.”
Japanese
A rich tradition of spirits also existed in Japan, where ghosts appeared in many forms. Among the most frequent were the apparitions of women with disheveled hair, clad in flowing white robs, and warriors carrying Samurai swords. Almost invariably, these phantoms were shown without legs and bearing scars that were appropriate to their earthly misdeeds. Japanese spirits are rarely friendly and are much more frightening than their Western counterparts.
The Japanese had a tradition of what some have called hungry ghosts. They are said to be the souls of those who died from starvation while wandering the remote mountain trails of Japan, dying alone, and without a proper burial. The specters were cursed to roam the earth, seeking out others with whom to share their agony of eternal hunger. There were many tales of travelers navigating lonely mountain paths who suddenly found themselves overcome by an insatiable hunger, inexplicable fatigue, and numbness of the limbs. If not stopped, the attack by the spirit almost certainly led to death or insanity. According to lore, it was possible to avoid such a fate by having a small amount of food on hand, which would purportedly dispel the supernatural hunger.
Native Americans
The First Nation people of North America also had many beliefs in ghosts, and they revered the spirits of their ancestors. In 1890, spirit belief became a major religious movement among Indian nations. A Northern Paiute leader named Wovoka taught what was called the Ghost Dance, which reunited the spirits of lost ancestors with the living. He believed that it could bring back spirits to fight against his people’s enemies, forcing the white settlers from their lands, and returning peace and unity to the Native American people.
Early Christians
Belief in ghosts also featured quite extensively in the evolution of Christianity. There are many mentions of ghosts in the Gospels, such as when the Disciples saw Jesus walking on water and “thought it had been a spirit.” After his resurrection, they also assumed he was a ghost until he told them otherwise.
Perhaps the most famous ghost story in the Bible concerns King Saul, who, alarmed at the likely outcome of his battle with the Philistine army, visited a necromancer so that she could raise the spirit of Samuel for advice.
Classic Encounters with Ghosts
During the time between the fall of the Roman Empire and the discovery of America, there was a general consolidation of the belief in ghosts and the spirit world. Many of the superstitions and legends about phantoms, which had evolved in earlier times, were now given wider credence, and this, combined with the interest in occult sciences in that era, gave rise to a widespread belief that the supernatural had a great influence on the affairs of man.
It was a grim time in history. The castles of the nobility were dank and forbidding. The homes of the peasants were wretched and rank. It is small wonder that each shadow took on a life of its own. Ghosts of the dead lurked inside every castle wall, phantom horsemen galloped through every village, and evil specters flitted through every home.
The Drummer of Tedworth
The story of the Drummer of Tedworth, probably the most famous ghostly tale of the 17th century, has been referred to by Brent Swancer, writing for the Mysterious Universe website, as “one of the earliest well-attested poltergeist cases in England.” The idea of a poltergeist was nothing new at that time. It was during the Dark Ages that the first reports of a noisy and troublesome ghost were recorded. The word poltergeist comes from German folklore and literally means “noisy ghost.” Its activities — moving objects, flinging things into the air, creating noises like raps, bangs, scratching, and even occasionally human sounds like whistling, singing, and talking — no doubt gave rise to the classic phrase of “things that go bump in the night.”
The case began in 1662 in a town that was then called Tedworth, in Wiltshire, in southwest England. A local landowner and magistrate named John Mompesson was determined to keep peace and order in the town. This was the reason he became very unhappy with a vagrant named William Drury, who came to town that spring. Drury was a former regimental drummer in the military. He had fallen on desperate times and had become a beggar. To attract attention to his plight, he walked about the region playing his drum and singing regimental songs. It was an unwelcome noise to both the villagers and the magistrate.
Mompesson had Drury arrested and brought before the court. He was accused of using false papers and of stealing public assistance money. Mompesson decided to let him off with a warning, but he confiscated Drury’s drum and told him to leave the district. Drury repeatedly asked that his drum be returned to him, but the magistrate refused. Instead, it was taken to Mompesson’s house until things could be sorted out. Drury himself seemed to vanish, and calm settled over the village — although things at the home of Mompesson and his family were not so quiet.
Soon after the Drury affair, Mompesson took a trip to London on business. When he returned a few days later, he was shocked when his wife told him about the weird things that had been happening in his absence. She explained that she had been kept awake by loud noises at night, and not long after, Mompesson heard them for himself. The house was rattled by the thudding of a drum, as well as by other noises that sounded like scratching, thudding, and knocking.
One evening, he was awakened by a knocking noise on his bedroom door. Unnerved, he grabbed a pistol and cautiously opened it but found no one on the other side. Mompesson searched the house, pistol in hand, but no one was found. During the search, he was frightened by more of the strange sounds that seemingly came from nowhere.
The frightening incidents multiplied. The drumming sound became more urgent, coming from impossible places, like the roof and from beneath the floor. Objects moved around, and were often found in chilling places, like a Bible that was found in the ashes of the fireplace and a knife that appeared in a bed.
The mysterious sounds came every night and began to intensify. Whatever was causing the supernatural drumbeats had become more powerful and was also causing other things to happen, like large objects moving about and chairs flying across rooms. Such occurrences became commonplace and occurred in front of startled witnesses.
Much of the paranormal activity seemed to occur around the Mompesson children. Sounds often occurred in their rooms, and their beds were knocked about by unseen forces. Scratching sounds followed them around the house, and, eerily, the children claimed they heard a disembodied voice whisper, “I am a witch, I am a witch,” repeatedly in a scratchy, frightening voice that seemed to come from under their beds and from beneath the floor.
The family sought relief from a clergyman, Reverend Cragg, hoping he could tame the spirit, which they feared was a demon. His efforts only antagonized the mysterious force. While he was present, it moved furniture and tossed things about as if in a rage. Reverend Cragg was even struck with a heavy walking stick. It was immune from the minister’s attempts to drive it off.
Soon, word of the haunting spread all over the area, and curiosity-seekers began appearing at their door. One visitor, Sir Christopher Wren, heard the drum beating at night and witnessed items moving about. Another visitor, Reverend Joseph Glanvill, a member of the Royal Society and a skeptic, arrived determined to debunk the excitement as nonsense.
When Glanvill arrived at the Mompesson house in January 1663, the occurrences had been taking place for over a year. After collecting testimony from the family and other witnesses, he decided to stay at the house and observe the situation for himself. He suspected overactive imaginations or trickery, but his mind was soon changed. Glanvill witnessed the strange happenings for himself. He later wrote of hearing the eerie drumming, the scratching noises in the bedrooms of the children, knocking sounds, and even disembodied voices. Before his investigation was concluded, he became convinced that the home had been invaded by a ghost or perhaps even a demon. It was Glanvill who first suspected that the drummer William Drury was somehow behind the whole thing.
Drury was eventually located, and it was learned that he had been arrested in Gloucester for theft and had been in jail the entire time. Seizing the moment, he openly admitted to using witchcraft as revenge against Mompesson for taking away his drum. He was then put on trial for witchcraft, with the events in Tedworth presented as the main evidence against him. He tried to make a deal with the magistrate, agreeing to end the curse in exchange for his innocence at the trial, but it was no use. He was deported to a British colony as a convict. Drury’s eventual fate remains unknown.
In the centuries since, the story of the Drummer of Tedworth remains a popular English legend and a curious haunting from a bygone era. It has also attracted quite a lot of criticism. Some believe the events were set in motion by Mompesson, hoping for fame and profit, or were a hoax created by the household servants, who hoped to earn more pay while working under such terrifying conditions.
The Mompesson family, though, always stated that the story was completely true. They made no money from its telling and retelling and gained nothing but notoriety. After all these years, it’s impossible to know what really happened in Tedworth, but whatever it was, it became an integral part of the history of ghostlore and has endured for hundreds of years as an unsolved mystery of the paranormal.
Old Jeffrey
As a result of the tremendous advances in arts and sciences at the beginning of the 18th century, stories of ghosts and spirits began to fall into disfavor. A great many alleged hauntings were proved to be faked for personal motives, and many supernatural occurrences were dismissed as pranks. Yet, for all this skepticism, there were a number of inexplicable events during the century, which, in time, helped to encourage the scientific study of the nature and cause of ghosts.
John Wesley, the renowned minister, was one man who did not share the growing indifference toward the spirit world. He had strong personal reasons for his beliefs. His own family home at Epworth in Lincolnshire, where his father was a minister, had been visited in 1716 and 1717 by a spirit they had nicknamed “Old Jeffrey.” The Epworth Poltergeist, as the ghost became widely known, was alleged to have disturbed Wesley’s younger sister, Hetty, in her bed and to have caused noises and groaning sounds that could be heard throughout the house. Wesley himself was completely convinced of the existence of the ghost and wrote about it extensively, which gave it an enduring place in the history of the paranormal.
