Ghosts and Gallows E-Book

Paul Adams

• Herausgeber: The History Press
• Kategorie: Sachliteratur, Reportagen, Biografien
• Sprache: Englisch
• Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2012

Beschreibung

Murder and ghosts go hand-in-hand and vengeful spectres seeking justice or haunting the scene of the crime or their killers have adorned the pages of literature since before Shakespeare. This chilling collection of true-crime tales dating from the mid-eighteenth century to the present day all feature some element of the paranormal. Gathered from across the UK, cases include the discovery of a body by a spiritualist medium, a murder solved by a dream of the mother of the victim, and evidence at a Scottish murder trial provided by the ghost of the victim herself. Featuring visions, psychometry, ghosts, haunted prisons, possessions, and spiritualist detectives, this book is a fascinating look at criminology and ghost hunting. Paranormal historian Paul Adams has opened the case files of both the criminologist and the ghost hunter to compile a unique collection of crime from British history. No true-crime bookshelf is complete without Ghosts & Gallows.

Leseprobe

For my father, Arthur P. Adams (1919-2004),

of whom my memories are of nothing but kindness.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to thank and acknowledge the help of a number of people, who, either through supplying information, assisting with and allowing the reproduction of illustrations, or by their general encouragement and support, have made the writing of this book not only possible, but for someone embarking on their first extended solo work, more of an enjoyable experience and less like the ‘Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner’. I am indebted to Richard Lee Van den Daele, Steve Fielding, Eddie Brazil, Rob Nicholson, Peter Underwood, Charles Beck, Phil Baker, Tony Broughall, Richard Clarke, Keith Stokes, Veronica Keen, Rita Goold, Bob Cracknell, Andy York, Donald Whannel, Chris Hobbs, Keith Brannen, Stephen Butt, Glynis Baxter at St Edmundsbury Borough Council, Andrew Leah, Paul Heslop, John Mooney, the Governors of HMP Walton, HMP Manchester and HMP Hull, the Metropolitan Police Crime Museum, Mark Slater at Manchester City Council, the staff at the National Archives, the staff at Leagrave Public Library and St Albans Central Library, Janice Fleckney, Jane Santana, Matilda Richards at The History Press, and especially to Aban, Idris, Isa and Sakina, for their patience and inspiration.

CONTENTS

Title

Dedication

Acknowledgements

Introduction

1. The Hill of Christie Spectre

Sergeant Davies, 1754

2. The Red Barn Murder

William Corder and Maria Marten, 1828

3. Autumn of Terror

Robert Lees and Jack the Ripper, 1888

4. The Welcomes Murder

Ernest Dyer, 1922

5. The Enigma

Netta Fornario, 1929

6. An English Ghost Hunter Abroad

Harry Price and Ludwig Dahl, 1934

7. The Death of Innocence

Frederick Nodder and Mona Tinsley, 1937

8. The Whispering Woman

Doris Harrison, 1957

9. The Power of the Psychic Detective

Gerard Croiset, 1960s

10. Ghost of the Frozen Girl

Anne Noblett, 1974

11. The Psychic Search for the Yorkshire Ripper

1979-1980

12. Viewing a Killer

Suzanne Padfield and Inessa Tchurina, 1980

13. The Voice from the Grave

Christine Holohan and Jacqueline Poole, 1983

14. Fall of the House of Death

Brady and Hindley, 1985

15. The Evil Within

Muhammad Bashir, 1991

16. The Haunting Murderers

1910-Present

Bibliography and Further Reading

Plates

About the Author

Copyright

INTRODUCTION

Around lunchtime on 10 October 1977, Detective Chief Inspector Tony Fletcher, head of the Fingerprint Bureau of the Greater Manchester Police, received a call to attend a crime scene at a section of disused allotments near Princess Road in the Chorlton district of Manchester, where the naked body of a young woman had been found by two local men. When Fletcher, an experienced police officer, arrived, his initial thought was that a maniac had exhumed and violated a body from the adjacent Southern Cemetery; it was only when a search of the immediate area recovered items of female clothing: a skirt, cardigan, boots and underwear, that it became clear a horrific crime had taken place. Fletcher fingerprinted the body and the following day visited the home of Alan Royle, who had reported his common-law wife Jean Royle, also known as Jean Jordan, as missing. From a fingerprint match found in the house, as well as Royle’s description of his wife’s clothing, the identity was established. Results from a post-mortem examination quickly confirmed to the Greater Manchester Police that a brutal serial killer – who had already murdered five women in the west of Yorkshire over the preceding two years – had now finally crossed the Pennines: Jean Jordan had become the sixth victim of the infamous ‘Yorkshire Ripper’. Seven months later, DCI Fletcher was called to the grounds of the Manchester Royal Infirmary, where he fingerprinted the body of another woman whose injuries, and the circumstances in which she had been found, made it immediately clear that the murderer had claimed another – his ninth – victim. It would not be until twenty months later that the killer, who ultimately went on to claim a further four lives, would be brought to justice, and the case is one we will return to in due course.

As well as the numerous crime scenes, some gruesome, many others mundane, at which Fletcher was called upon to carry out fingerprint work during the course of his professional police career, there were other more specific and at times quite bizarre assignments, such as the fingerprinting of Harold, an orang-utan (known to his keepers as ‘Harold the Bastard’) at Belle Vue Zooological Gardens, as well as Asru, an Egyptian mummy which makes up part of the collection held at the archaeology department of the Manchester Museum. Despite their unusualness, perhaps the most outré task ever to come his way took place sixteen years before his involvement with the Ripper inquiry, when Fletcher was approached by a Manchester ghost hunter with a request to attempt to obtain the fingerprints of a phantom …

The Manchester Psychical Research Society was a small paranormal group particularly active in the late 1950s and early ’60s – a time when ghost hunting was looked on in the UK as an interesting hobby carried out by an eccentric minority rather than the full-scale entertainment industry that cable and satellite television has attempted to make it in the past ten years. Under the Honorary Presidency of George A. Knowlson BA of Rishton, Bradford – a retired headmaster with an interest in the supernormal – the society met on Tuesday evenings at the Milton Hall in Deansgate, Manchester for lectures and discussions on the many aspects of psychic phenomena and spiritualism. The organisation’s Investigation Officer and leading light was David Cohen, a machine operator in his early fifties. By day Cohen stitched raincoats in a Manchester factory, while his nights, weekends and holidays were given over almost exclusively to a determined and enthusiastic study of poltergeists, mediums and hauntings.

In the spring of 1959, Cohen had been asked to visit an unassuming house in the Fallowfield district of South Manchester. The owner, a recently widowed woman with a teenage son and a younger daughter, claimed their terraced house was haunted by the ghost of an old man named Nicholas, who appeared to the young boy in his bedroom at night and, in what must be a first where the paranormal is concerned, played Ravel’s Bolero on the youth’s own violin. Over the course of several months the mother had heard the sound of music (always the same piece) coming from the adjacent bedroom, and on every occasion when she had gotten out of bed and looked into the room, her son was apparently asleep with the violin closed away in its case. Distressed by what was happening, the woman had eventually tackled the teenager about the bizarre music and he had calmly explained the reason behind the nocturnal concerts. Relieved that she was not suffering a breakdown, and in the hope that the ghostly musician could be persuaded to leave, the lady contacted the Manchester Psychical Research Society and its Investigation Officer quickly swung into action.

Cohen and other members of the society began holding séances in the living room of the Fallowfield house in an attempt to establish contact with ‘Nicholas’. These experiments continued regularly for a period of two years and, by the beginning of 1961, had successfully progressed to the point that during blackout phases of the séance meetings, a pair of hands apparently began to materialise and interact with the sitters. It is at this point that Cohen approached Tony Fletcher, then recently appointed to the Greater Manchester Police’s Fingerprint Bureau, and the case changed from a Blithe Spirit-type scenario into something far more interesting.

During the 1930s, materialised ‘spirit’ hands which had appeared at séances given by an American medium known as ‘Margery’ had left impressions in specially prepared wax that were later discovered to be fake; the fingerprints, rather than belonging to a spirit control, were in fact those of the family dentist who was very much alive. Mindful of the ‘Margery’ exposure, Cohen wished to recruit the services of a professional fingerprint expert who would attend one of his Fallowfield séances in order to take the prints of the materialised Nicholas, which would then be compared with the hands of all the sitters in the room. If either the mother or her son were playing tricks, then the test would quickly show who the violin-playing spectre really was. On the other hand, literally, there was a hope that what would be produced was physical evidence of a genuine materialisation.

Unfortunately for Cohen, Fletcher declined to co-operate (a decision he later admitted he regretted) as he didn’t believe in ghosts and felt becoming involved in the affair would make him appear foolish. However, Sergeant Rowland Mason, a colleague of Fletcher’s and a well-respected member of the Bureau, was less sceptical and eventually agreed to take part, albeit in a private capacity. Mason visited the house accompanied by David Cohen and attended two séances, which were held on Friday evenings. He quickly became mystified by his experiences. In the darkened room the table, around which the woman, her son, Cohen and the policeman were sitting, rose into the air and practically touched the ceiling; a tambourine marked with luminous paint began moving about the room, constantly changing its direction and travelling at such a speed that it seemed impossible that anyone present could be faking the effect, while the table itself shook violently and loud knocks sounded across its surface. The highlight of the second sitting was the manifestation of what purported to be the hands of Nicholas himself, which in the blackness touched Mason on the shoulders and arms. These hands have been described by David Cohen as being ‘dry and scaly’ and having lace cuffs over the wrists, although Mason at that time was only able to feel their touch and could not confirm the appearance.

At a third séance, the policeman decided to try and catch the ghost’s fingerprints by surreptitiously dusting the tambourine prior to the commencement of the sitting. Alone in the living room, he managed to wipe the instrument clean, dust it with mercury powder and replace it on the sideboard without anyone apparently noticing. Soon after the blackout séance had begun, Mason was shocked to suddenly have the duster with which he had wiped the edges of the tambourine – and had left lying on the sideboard – thrown into his face. A recording of Ravel’s Bolero was played on a portable tape machine and, as before, there were levitations and knocks on the table and the tambourine flew wildly about the room. When the lights came on, Rowland quickly seized the tambourine and dusted it with fingerprint powder. To his astonishment, the instrument was as clean as he had left it at the beginning of the sitting. On a fourth visit, he openly dusted the tambourine before the commencement of the séance and again it was found to be clean at the end of the evening, despite having been seen to rise from the sideboard and circle the room. At this séance, ‘Nicholas’ was asked by David Cohen whether he would consent to have his fingerprints taken and, through a series of knocks on the table, replied in the affirmative.

At the next séance, Mason brought a chemically charged pad and sensitized paper to the house and placed it on the séance table in front of him. During the course of the sitting, Mason was able to catch hold of what appeared to be a dry human hand in the darkness and, with his own free hand, guided it first to the fingerprint pad and then to the specially prepared paper. Despite the blackout, the policeman was confident that he had managed to bring about what appeared to be the first professional fingerprinting of a paranormal entity. The next morning, Mason brought the paper to the Bureau and showed it to his colleagues. Instead of a set of fingerprints, they were able to see a strange set of marks which resembled three parallel scratches, each about one inch in length. ‘They could have been made by a bird’s claw; they could equally have been made by three fingernails scratching the paper,’ was how Tony Fletcher, who inspected the marks personally, later described them.

The final stage of this unofficial police investigation into the musical ghost was an attempt to capture a photograph of Nicholas himself using a camera loaded with infra-red film. For this, an experienced police photographer named John Cheetham agreed to visit Fallowfield. He attended a preliminary séance where he reported similar experiences to Rowland Mason – the table knocked and levitated, the tambourine danced about the room and Cheetham and his wife, who accompanied him, were touched on several occasions by what appeared to be two hands in the darkness. It was agreed that the following week, the photographer would set up a camera on a tripod aimed and focused at an armchair in a corner of the séance room and, during the course of the sitting, Nicholas would be invited to sit in the chair and the camera would be operated using a cable-release.

The séance took place and at the prescribed point in the proceedings, Cheetham took his infra-red photograph. The resulting print, which was developed at the police laboratory the following morning in front of an expectant crowd of Scenes of Crime officers, showed only an empty chair with a large cushion resting against the back. Nicholas had failed to appear, or had he? Although a simulacrum is the most likely explanation, several of the policemen, including Tony Fletcher, thought that they could see the outline ‘of a very old man, bearded and turned to the right, rather like the head of the old king on a coin’ amongst the creases in the chair cushion. If the photographer had been able to take his infra-red picture while either the tambourine was in flight or Rowland Mason was fingerprinting the ‘spirit’ hands, perhaps something far more interesting would have appeared, but ultimately Cheetham joined the ranks of a number of investigators who have been unsuccessful in effectively bringing infra-red technology into the séance room.

At this point the case of Nicholas the musical ghost, including the unofficial involvement of the Greater Manchester Police, was published in a national newspaper, effectively bringing the investigation to an end. The presence of the policemen, despite the fact that no official police time had been used, came to the attention of the Chief Superintendent of the Greater Manchester CID who requested both men to make written reports, which were completed and filed. Whether Cohen and his team succeeded in ‘laying’ the ghost is unclear, as the Manchester researcher was soon moving on to other things. The case remains a mystery to this day.

As we will see during the course of this book, tales of ghosts and gallows have been with us since time immemorial, as the perpetual human fascination with the strange world of the paranormal is matched only by humankind’s continuing inability to escape from a self-induced and continuous campaign of violence and murder. The involvement of the Manchester Police in David Cohen’s case of the eerie Fallowfield hands is an interesting fusion of the two, but for the psychical researcher and ghost hunter, the organised and serious investigation of hauntings and psychic phenomena is in itself a unique and specialised form of detective work involving a complex mixture – and understanding of – human psychology, investigative reporting and scientific experimentation.

It is interesting to compare the views of respected personalities involved in both fields – criminal investigation and paranormal investigation – as they are both remarkably similar. Peter Underwood, President of the famous Ghost Club for over thirty years and one of Britain’s most experienced paranormal researchers, has described in his 1986 book The Ghost Hunter’s Guide the ghost hunter as someone who seeks ‘to discover and record as objectively as possible what people have experienced or believe they have experienced and seek by experimentation to establish scientifically or demolish the reported phenomena’. Writing in his Memories of Murder, published the same year as Underwood’s comments, Tony Fletcher felt the best piece of advice he could offer to a young policeman was to remain open-minded:

[w]hether, as in the case of Asru the mummy, he needs to be looking into the past or, because of the need for computerization, the future must be comprehended or, as in the case of the ghost Nicholas, the unknown must be respected, he should always try to look at things with a fresh and open mind.

Both the psychical researcher and the policeman, despite the politics, media scrutiny and entertainment exploitation of their individual professions, are continually involved in a diligent and patient search for the truth.

This book is a collection of accounts of British murders that have some connection with the world of the unseen: psychic detection, prophetic dreams, mediumship, as well as ghosts and hauntings associated with both murderers and their victims. In order to establish the relevance and introduce particular aspects of the various cases under discussion – both criminal and paranormal – I have, out of necessity, made mention of and included material from other sources, such as various international cases of murder and psychic phenomena, which I feel are pertinent to the discussions at hand. I also have a personal interest in the history of psychical research and the development of organised paranormal investigation, with the result that some aspects of this fascinating and engaging subject have found their way into the cases that you are about to encounter.

Paul Adams

Luton, Bedfordshire

2012

CHAPTER 1

THE HILL OF CHRISTIE SPECTRE

SERGEANT DAVIES, 1754

Early one morning at the beginning of June 1750, a young shepherd, Alexander MacPherson, left his master’s sheiling hut at Glen Clunie, a remote spot in the Cairngorm Mountains over forty miles north-east of Dundee, and set out across the lonely but familiar hillside in the general direction of Dubrach. The landscape was wild and uninhabited but MacPherson made his way with practiced ease around the treacherous mountain bogs and windswept rocks. As he approached an expanse of moorland tract known locally as the Hill of Christie, the Highlander slowed his pace and quickly took stock of the locality before moving forward again, this time seeking out a particular spot amongst the peat moss.

After a short time of searching, MacPherson located a steep bank and began pulling with his staff at a bundle clearly visible under an overhang. Part of the object quickly revealed itself to be a human head, practically decayed down to a skull, but with lengths of mouse-coloured hair still attached and tied back with a faded black ribbon; the rest of the corpse, still wearing a pair of brown brogues and partly covered by strips of faded and weather-beaten material, had also been reduced to a skeleton, which the shepherd now drew out from under the sphagnum. Unsettling as this discovery no doubt was, MacPherson was prepared for it, as he later testified that he had been given specific instructions on where to find the body of this unfortunate person who had been missing, presumed dead, for nearly nine months. The young shepherd had, so he later declared, been given his information by the ghost of the very man whose ravaged remains now lay scattered at his feet. It was a supernatural encounter that was ultimately to make its way without precedent four years later to the High Court of Justiciary at Edinburgh.

MacPherson’s grim discovery on the lonely Highland moor was played out in the immediate aftermath of the ‘Forty-Five’, the last great Jacobite uprising which saw the Young Pretender, Charles Edward Stuart, attempt to reclaim the British throne for the House of Stuart, then in exile in France. On 16 April 1745, a weary Jacobite army, already in retreat, was routed by William, Duke of Cumberland at Culloden. Over 1,500 of Stuart’s men were killed and in the weeks that followed, amid Cumberland’s brutal repercussions as defeated Jacobites were hunted down and brought to trial, the Bonnie Prince became a fugitive before finally escaping on a French frigate to the Continent.

The Hanoverian government was quick to put in place measures to quell any future revolt and to stamp out the last embers of the rebellion as those of Stuart’s fighters who had escaped imprisonment or execution melted back into the Highlands. Parliament passed the Heritable Jurisdictions Act of 1746 that stripped the Scottish lords of much of their power, while the Proscription Act of the same year was a powerful measure to destroy the clan system by outlawing traditional Highland dress – anyone caught wearing tartan faced a prison sentence of up to six months and transportation for a second offence. Garrisons were established in districts where Stuart sympathisers were suspected of remaining active and these supplied troops to smaller outposts in rural locations who carried out regular patrols, constantly on the lookout for signs of underground rebellion or resistance to the new laws.

One such station was located at Dubrach, a small upland farmstead in the clachen of Inverey in Braemar (the last place in eastern Scotland where Gaelic was still spoken in the 1930s) and two miles from where Alexander MacPherson lodged with his employers, the MacHardie family. In June 1749, a picket of eight footsoldiers from Lieutenant-General Guise’s regiment stationed at Aberdeen took up a billet at this lonely post, while a second detachment from the same company occupied a similar position at the Spittal of Glen Shee, around eight miles away. Patrols from both stations kept the immediate countryside under close observation and met regularly twice a week at a location equidistant from their respective headquarters to exchange information. An un-named corporal officiated at Glen Shee while at Dubrach, Guise’s men were under the command of Sergeant Arthur Davies, a newly married man whose wife was the widow of the former paymaster of the regiment.

Davies was to spend little short of four months at his billet but during this time, despite being an obvious hate figure for the Highlanders around him, managed to garner a certain amount of respect from the locals through a tactful and somewhat moderate approach in enforcing the laws of the land. Writing about the case for his Twelve Scots Trials (1913), William Roughead describes Davies as a likeable man ‘of a genial disposition, a keen and indefatigable sportsman, fearless, thrifty, and particular in his dress.’ Despite these welcome characteristics, they were ultimately to prove disastrous. Additionally, the Englishman’s individual approach to policing the district, namely going out alone in advance of his men on both the outward and return leg of patrols to shoot game, and his habit of carrying two purses, one of green silk holding fifteen and a half guineas in gold and a second of leather containing an unspecified amount of silver ‘for current expenses’, became well known and were factors that lead to tragedy.

On 28 September 1749, Sergeant Davies rose early and made ready to carry out a routine midweek patrol of the district. As was the norm, the Dubrach soldiers were to meet up with their counterparts from Glen Shee and Davies set out in advance of his regular company of men dressed in his usual blue surtout coat, striped silk vest, breeches and brown stockings, and carrying his money purses and a long-barrelled musket, which had been given to him as a gift by a fellow officer. An hour after sunrise the sergeant reached Glen Clunie, where he had cause to stop and briefly detain John Growar, a kilted Highlander who, despite over three years of Proscription, was wearing a tartan coat. Luckily for Growar, he was sent on his way with a reprimand rather than being handed over to Davies’ company of footsoldiers, four of whom were following at a distance. The sergeant’s leniency was most likely due to his desire to spend the day ‘pursuing his sport’ rather than escorting a prisoner to the stockade, and, after dismissing the Scotsman, he continued on his way; the Dubrach soldiers glimpsed him briefly on the skyline as they made their way to the rendezvous, and at one point heard him fire a shot.

Later that afternoon, the Glen Shee company, having met up with the Dubrach soldiers, were returning to their billet when they came across Arthur Davies at a hollow known as the Water of Benow. The sergeant informed them that he intended to walk up onto the Hill of Christie to try and bring home a deer for his evening meal, and, despite the Glen Shee corporal’s reservations on him venturing out alone at such a distance from the station, Arthur Davies, confident of being able to protect himself, parted company with the patrol and the group of soldiers turned for home. They were the last of Guise’s regiment to see him alive.

The following morning it quickly became clear that Sergeant Davies had not returned from his hunting expedition and was in fact missing. The soldiers from Dubrach set out to retrace the route he had taken the previous day but despite a combined search, neither they nor the Glen Shee company could find any trace or indication of what might have taken place. On the following afternoon, a Saturday, a runner was sent to Braemar Castle and a search party mustered, which marched to Dubrach the same day. For the next four days the entire district was scoured, with the local populace being coerced into assisting with the search. However, a week to the day that the Englishman had gone missing, and with no trace as to his whereabouts, the manhunt was abandoned and the search party returned to Braemar.

Despite the rumour spread by the local Highlanders around Inverey that Sergeant Davies had simply deserted, his wife was convinced from the outset that he had been robbed and left for dead somewhere out on the wild and lonely hillsides. As well as the money purses he was known to habitually carry, Davies wore two gold rings, a silver fob watch and had a dozen silver buttons on his waistcoat, which would, she insisted, have been temptation enough for someone to waylay him on his return home to the station. His position in the army was a solid one and his fellow officers conceded that his future career within the service was assured – it was widely accepted that he would receive a promotion to Sergeant-Major at the first vacancy and, as a person, Davies was well-liked and respected throughout the entire company. This, together with the security of his marriage and the great affections of his wife soon convinced the regiment, and the district as a whole, that Sergeant Davies had in fact met a murderer – or murderers – out on the wild expanse of the Hill of Christie, although it was to be over nine months before both the regiment and his wife were to learn with certainty that she had indeed become a widow for a second time.

One night in the early summer of the following year, Alexander MacPherson awoke in his shepherding hut at Glen Clunie to find the figure of a man standing at the foot of his bed. The person, dressed in a blue coat, was solid and lifelike, and the young Highlander automatically assumed it was a brother of Donald Farquharson, his employer, who was sending word for him to attend to some matter on the farm. The figure moved silently out of the door of the hut and MacPherson rose and followed. Outside, the figure made its supernatural nature clear by announcing that he was in fact Sergeant Davies, late of Lieutenant-General Guise’s regiment, and confirmed the now commonly held belief that he had been murdered the previous year. The apparition spoke in Gaelic, the only language that the Highlander was familiar with, and directed him to go to a particular spot on the Hill of Christie, where he would find the soldier’s body, with the additional request that MacPherson arrange with Donald Farquharson a decent burial. The young shepherd had the courage to reply to the ghost and asked who had carried out the murder, but the figure was either unresponsive or unable to do so and immediately faded away.

Alexander MacPherson returned to his bed, telling no one of his experience. The following day he did visit the Hill of Christie, as instructed, where he recovered the sergeant’s skeletal remains, which lay within a few yards of where the apparition said he would find them, and at a spot not far from where Davies had stopped and reprimanded John Growar for his tartan coat on the day of his murder. Despite this evidential outcome to his extraordinary experience, MacPherson in fact did nothing else, returning instead to Dubrach, where he kept his encounter with the spectre to himself.

A full week later, at the same time and place, the ghost of the murdered soldier appeared to the shepherd again. This time the apparition was naked but its message was the same, that MacPherson return to the lonely hillside and bury the Englishman’s body. MacPherson repeated the question as to the identity of the killer and on this occasion the apparition complied, naming two local men, Duncan Clerk and Alexander MacDonald, both of dubious character, as his slayers. Having spoken, the figure of Sergeant Davies vanished and was seen no more.

Following this second visitation MacPherson spoke with two local men about his strange experience and the subsequent discovery of the bones of the murdered soldier. Both these Highlanders, the aforementioned John Growar and another, John Shaw, were unwilling to become involved and advised the shepherd to either do nothing or, if he felt inclined to carry out the apparition’s bidding, to undertake the burial in secret. Fearing reprisals should it become common knowledge that the killing had been carried out by local men, on no account should he allow the military authorities to discover either the whereabouts of the body or the identity of the killers.

Taking their advice, MacPherson sent word to Donald Farquharson and the two men met. The elder Scotsman at first dismissed the Highlander’s story as fantasy, but, on being told that the bones had been discovered exactly as the apparition had directed, reluctantly agreed to accompany the shepherd out to the Hill of Christie to view the remains. The two men made the trip onto the desolate hillside where the bones lay just as MacPherson had described them, now scattered about over the peat moss by the wind but still discernable as parts of a human skeleton, complete with the tattered remnants of the sergeant’s blue overcoat and striped vest, and a pair of waterlogged leather brogues from which the silver buckles had been cut. Feeling it unwise to remove the remains to the local kirk for fear of discovery, and in the absence of any direct instructions from the apparition itself as to where its mortal remains should be interred, both men agreed to bury the body at the location where the killers had concealed it. A shallow grave was dug with a spade that MacPherson had brought for the purpose and the bones of the unquiet soldier were finally laid to rest without ceremony.

Despite the Highlanders’ common reticence about disclosing both the location of Sergeant Davies’ remains and the alleged identity of his killers, at some point after this clandestine burial, word that the Englishman’s body had indeed been found on the Hill of Christie became common knowledge in the locality, most likely through the indiscretion of John Growar, with the result that over a period of time a body of evidence, albeit circumstantial, began to grow in support of the spirit’s claim that both Duncan Clerk and Alexander MacDonald were involved in the murder. The locals also became aware that the two men had been named as the killers by the ghost of the murdered man.

Not long after, a local girl, Isobel Ego, who had been sent to fetch horses from the hillside, returned to Dubrach carrying a silver-laced hat. Her mother, convinced it belonged to the murdered Englishman and might summon both the garrison soldiers and the unquiet spirit of its owner in equal measure, took the hat and hid it under a stone by the side of a nearby burn. The hat was subsequently found by local children who took it to the village, where several people either saw it or temporarily had it in their possession. They included Donald Downie, a miller at Inverey, and James Small, who was employed as a managing agent on the Strowan estate, and it was he who passed it to John Cook, the barrack-master at Braemar Castle, who recognised its significance and held the item in safekeeping. John Growar evidently told about his conversation with Alexander MacPherson, as the dead sergeant’s rifle was also subsequently recovered by a relative from the hillside.

John Cook at the Braemar garrison may well have been the person who finally began investigations into the rumours concerning Clerk and MacDonald, but four years were to elapse before the suspects were arrested and formally charged with the murder of Sergeant Davies. During the winter of 1753, James Small, the factor of Strowan, carried out enquiries in the district for the Sheriff-Substitute and was able to amass a collection of interesting evidence. Since the Englishman’s death, Duncan Clerk, a reputed sheep-stealer who also went by the name of Duncan Terig, had married local girl Elizabeth Downie, whose gold wedding ring with a heart-shaped design was remarkably similar to one that had been on the hand of the murdered soldier, although Elizabeth was adamant that the ring had been given to her by her mother. Clerk had also become the employer of Alexander MacPherson. He apparently gave the shepherd a promissory note for £20 as an incentive to keep whatever he knew of the murder to himself, but Clerk later refused to honour it.

As a prelude to James Small’s investigations, Clerk and MacDonald had been arrested in the September of 1753 and, charged with the murder of Arthur Davies, were being held at Braemar Castle (now itself a reputedly haunted building where, amongst other eerie happenings, the cries of a ghostly baby have been heard and the apparition of John Farquharson, the Black Colonel of Inverey, has been reported over the years). Towards the end of January, the prisoners were examined by the Lords Commissioners of Justiciary and the trial began in Edinburgh on Monday, 10 June 1754. A jury of Edinburgh tradesmen was sworn in and the presiding judge was Lord Justice-Clerk Alva assisted by Lords Drummore, Strichen, Elchies and Kilkerran. A panel comprising the Lord Advocate, William Grant, together with ‘His Majesties Solicitors’ Patrick Haldane and Alexander Home conducted the prosecution, while the two Scotsmen were defended by Alexander Lockhart and Robert Macintosh.

Lockhart and Macintosh were confident and stated in their opening remarks on the first day that they would be able to satisfy the jury as to the complete innocence of the Highlanders – the men had business in the area at the time Sergeant Davies went missing; being engaged as foresters they had a legitimate reason to be armed and would be able to prove that after they had departed from the Hill of Christie that day, the Englishman was with his company alive and well. Despite this, it soon became clear that the prosecution was able to present a compelling and seemingly unassailable raft of evidence to the contrary: Jean Ghent, the murdered man’s widow, confirmed that the hat and rifle found on the hillside belonged to her husband and that she had implored Duncan Clerk, who was on friendly terms with her and her husband, and therefore knew his habit of carrying money on his person, to assist the search party once he had gone missing; Donald Farquharson testified to burying the bones where he had found them in the company of Alexander MacPherson, and also stated that he had seen a ring identical to that worn by Davies on the hand of Duncan Clerk’s wife; Peter M’Nab, a neighbour of Clerk’s, together with Elspeth Macara, a servant, also stated they had seen the same ring on a number of occasions, while James MacDonald of Allanquoich claimed that Alexander Downie, Clerk’s father-in-law, had confessed to him that her knew his daughter’s husband was the murderer.

Other witnesses said they saw the two men depart for the Hill of Christie on the morning that Davies went missing, each armed with a rifle, but their explanation was that they were intending to spend the day hunting deer, and that Alexander MacDonald subsequently was seen carrying a penknife very similar to one known to belong to the murdered man.

Alexander MacPherson also took the stand, describing the supernatural encounter which had led both to the discovery of Arthur Davies’ skeleton and the names of the alleged murderers from the lips of the very man’s own ghost.

As compelling and astonishing as the sum of this information no doubt was, the Crown’s most powerful piece of testimony came from Angus Cameron, a Highlander from Rannoch. In the autumn of 1749, Cameron, together with a companion of the same name, was in hiding from the authorities on suspicion of inciting a local uprising in the region and had spent the night of 27/28 September in a hideout on a hillside at Glen Bruar. The following day, in anticipation of a meeting with a group of fellow political fugitives from Lochaber, they took up refuge in a hollow on the Hill of Galcharn and, around midday, while waiting for their co-conspirators to arrive, saw two men approaching from a distance. From their vantage point, Angus Cameron recognised one of these men as Duncan Clerk, a person whom he knew by sight. Both Highlanders were armed and passed by close to where Cameron and his compatriot were hiding, before moving on without being aware that they had been observed.

Later on that day, towards sunset, while still sheltering on the hillside, Angus and Duncan Cameron observed a figure in a blue coat carrying a rifle ‘about a gun-shot off’ on a rise opposite. Soon after, walking up the hill towards him, came into view the two men they had spied upon earlier in the day. The three figures met on the brow of the hill and after a short time Angus Cameron saw one of the Highlanders strike out at the blue-coated figure, who recoiled and made to move away, upon which the two men raised their rifles and as one shot the man dead. Shocked by what they had seen, the watchers ‘deemed it prudent to beat a retreat’ and, scrambling away from the hollow unobserved, they left the area. It was not until the summer of 1750 that Angus Cameron became aware of the mystery surrounding the disappearance of Arthur Davies and quickly realised that he and his companion had in fact witnessed his murder. By the time he was empanelled to testify at the trial in Edinburgh, Duncan Cameron had been executed, leaving Angus to explain that he had kept the facts of the matter to himself as he feared reprisals by the military authorities.

Lockhart and Macintosh attempted to prove that Clerk and MacDonald had been elsewhere on the day of the killing, and railed against the wealth of circumstantial evidence and the eyewitness testimony of Angus Cameron. At six o’clock on the evening of 12 June, the jury unanimously found Duncan Clerk and Alexander MacDonald not guilt of the murder of Sergeant Arthur Davies and the two men were dismissed from the court. The defence council, it seems, found that they were able to turn one piece of the Crown’s evidence against the prosecutors, namely the supernatural testimony of Alexander MacPherson. It is easy to see how, for when the shepherd was cross-examined and asked specifically what language the ghost addressed him, the Highlander responded, ‘As good Gaelic as I ever heard in Lochabar’, prompting Alexander Lockhart to wisely respond, ‘Pretty well for the ghost of an English sergeant’.

Sir Walter Scott (1771-1832), who published an account of the Davies case for the nationalist Bannatyne Club, included mention of the trial again in his Letters on Demonology and Witchcraft (1830), in which he felt that ‘although there were other strong presumptions against the prisoners, the story of the apparition threw an air of ridicule on the whole evidence for the prosecution’, something that the jury clearly agreed with. Sir Walter was of the opinion that MacPherson, having found the remains of the Englishman during the course of his normal business on the hillside, and knowing of the local suspicion regarding Clerk and MacDonald, invented the story of the spectre in order to avoid being branded as an informer. ‘To have informed … might have cost MacPherson his life; and it is far from being impossible that he had recourse to the story of the ghost, knowing well that his superstitious countrymen would pardon his communicating the commission intrusted to him by a being from the other world,’ adding, ‘… we know too little of the other world to judge whether all languages may not be alike familiar to those who belong to it.’

Scott may well have been correct as at this distance of time it is difficult to cast new light on this interesting case. However, during the trial, support was given to MacPherson’s account by Isobel MacHardie, the wife of his employer, who stated that she also saw the apparition on the occasion of its second visit. Awoken during the night, she was aware of a naked figure which entered ‘in a bowing posture’ through the doorway of the hut and moved across towards Alexander MacPherson’s bedside. The vision was enough to make the woman through ‘either modesty or fear’ pull the bedclothes over her head, and as such she was unable to say what happened next.

Despite the trial’s unsatisfactory outcome, no further reports of the ghost of Sergeant Davies have been forthcoming since those times, although it is conceivable that, somewhere out in the wild landscape around Inverey, his bones still lie in an unmarked grave, now over 250 years old.

CHAPTER 2

THE RED BARN MURDER

WILLIAM CORDER AND MARIA MARTEN, 1828

Far more well known than the Hill of Christie phantom is the case of William Corder, who entered the annals of English criminal history nearly eighty years after the death of Arthur Davies for his perpetration of the notorious Red Barn murder, described as ‘one of the best known and most curious murders in history’. This is the first instance in this book of a prophetic dream being linked with the apprehension and subsequent execution of a convicted murderer, and the immortalisation of Corder’s crime through the medium of melodrama in Victorian Britain was assisted in no short measure by this specific association with the supernatural – a subject which by its own unique nature has always leant itself to exploitation – while the murder site, a long-vanished farm building in the isolated hamlet of Polstead, Suffolk, some fifteen miles west of Ipswich, has become as unique a location in the annals of both ghostlore and criminology as Borley Rectory or Rillington Place1.

In the opening decades of the nineteenth century, Polstead, the ‘place of pools’, consisted in the main of around twenty or so cottages situated on the northern slopes of the River Box. The parish as a whole contained only 900 persons and the two ponds which gave the village its name were located between the village’s chief landmark, the twelfth-century church of St Mary, and the Cock Inn adjacent to the green at the top of the hill. Only one of these ponds survives today but a number of the buildings and locations which feature prominently in the Corder case are extant. The manor of Polstead was held at this time by Mrs Mary Ann Cook who lived at Polstead Hall, a sixteenth-century house sited next to the church in what, up to the 1940s, was still a deer park. Mary Cook was a major local landowner and in the 1820s had two tenant farmers, William Chaplin and John Corder.

Corder was a forthright, God-fearing man who worked a substantial farm of 300 acres in Polstead and the surrounding area. He was the father of eight children, of whom two died at a young age, leaving four sons – the eldest John, then Thomas, William and James – and two daughters, the eldest of whom, Mary, was married to a miller named Boreham and lived not far from the village. The Corder family resided in a substantial timbered farmhouse known as Street Farm, which still stands today relatively unaltered from those times and not far from St Mary’s Church. John Corder senior was a hardworking and at times difficult man and whatever affection he had for his children was directed mainly at Thomas, who was widely expected to inherit the running of the farm in the event of his father’s death.